DCD

Summary

DCD (dermcidin, HGNC:14669) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q13.2, encoding Dermcidin (P81605). Found in sweat, has an antimicrobial activity during early bacterial colonization.

This antimicrobial gene encodes a secreted protein that is subsequently processed into mature peptides of distinct biological activities. The C-terminal peptide is constitutively expressed in sweat and has antibacterial and antifungal activities. The N-terminal peptide, also known as diffusible survival evasion peptide, promotes neural cell survival under conditions of severe oxidative stress. A glycosylated form of the N-terminal peptide may be associated with cachexia (muscle wasting) in cancer patients. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Source: NCBI Gene 117159 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 20 total
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_053283

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14669
Approved symbol	DCD
Name	dermcidin
Location	12q13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	AIDD, PIF, DSEP, HCAP, DCD-1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000161634
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606634
Entrez	117159

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 2 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000293371, ENST00000456047, ENST00000546807

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_053283 NM_001300854, NM_053283

CCDS: CCDS73478, CCDS8884

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000293371 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001059308	54647121	54647159
ENSE00001772814	54644589	54644756
ENSE00003657486	54645173	54645262
ENSE00003686117	54645606	54645707
ENSE00003894174	54648246	54648365

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 141 present calls, max score 99.96.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 7.5544 / max 9397.5141, expressed in 16 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
131373	7.5544	16

Top tissues by expression

237 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	99.96	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	99.83	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	97.93	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	96.04	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	94.60	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	79.14	silver quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	70.37	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	69.01	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	68.88	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	68.64	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	68.51	silver quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	66.77	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	66.52	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	66.44	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	66.10	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	65.83	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	64.27	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	64.07	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	63.96	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	63.90	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	63.53	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	63.41	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	62.79	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	62.60	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	62.46	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	62.38	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	62.17	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	62.09	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	61.82	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	61.42	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-75688	yes	5211.84
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

5 targeting DCD, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5683	99.36	68.59	2083
HSA-MIR-329-5P	99.27	68.11	1597
HSA-MIR-4478	99.07	65.16	2320
HSA-MIR-3929	98.32	65.58	1026
HSA-MIR-6742-3P	97.95	64.50	1490

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 34)

• identified as antibiotic peptide secreted by sweat glands (PMID:11694882)
• Our results confirmed previous findings indicating that dermcidin-1L could have promising therapeutic potentials and shed new light on the structure-function relationship of dermcidin-1L. (PMID:15670776)
• Reduced expression of dermcidin in sweat of patients with atopic dermatitis may contribute to the high susceptibility of these patients to skin infections and altered skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. (PMID:15944307)
• NF-kappaB and STAT3 are activated by proteolysis inducing factor in human Kupffer cells and monocytes (PMID:16142329)
• Functional analysis indicated that proteolytic processing of DCD-1L by Cathepsin D in human sweat modulates the innate immune defense of human skin. (PMID:16354654)
• Dermcidin may function as an oncogene in hepatic as well as breast cells; Glycosylation is not required, but the importance of asparagine residues suggests a role for the proteolysis-inducing factor core peptide domain. (PMID:16685272)
• This work suggests that DCD might participate in the regulation of placental function by means of modulating the proteolytic cascades on the trophoblastic cell surface. (PMID:17448443)
• Dermcidin is a proliferation and survival factor in prostate cancer cells subjected to stressors found in the prostate cancer microenvironment. (PMID:17626247)
• These data suggest that the disorder and order transition may be relevant for some biological functions of PIF/DCD. (PMID:18058718)
• There is a growing body of evidence illustrating dermcidin as an oncogene and its Y-P30 subunite as a survival factor (Review) (PMID:18403914)
• Expression of dermcidin in human primary tumours appears highly variable and is not induced substantially by hypoxia/oxidative stress in cell line model systems (PMID:18594538)
• pleiotrophin (PTN) and syndecan-2 and -3 as direct binding partners of Y-P30. (PMID:18599487)
• IRAK-4, which is essential for virtually all TLR signalling, was suppressed, whereas the precursor for the antibiotic peptide Dermcidin was up-regulated in HIV-infected cells. (PMID:19703016)
• Data show that dermcidin adopts a flexible amphipathic alpha-helical structure with a helix-hinge-helix motif, which is a common molecular fold among antimicrobial peptides. (PMID:20510021)
• dermcidin was a novel platelet aggregating agent, and potentiated the ADP induced thrombosis in the animal model as well as acutely inhibited glucose induced insulin synthesis. (PMID:20809104)
• There was a significant correlation between weight loss and survival in the PIF-positive non-small-cell lung cancer patients. (PMID:20837461)
• revealed that Nck1 SH2 domain binds to the phosphotyrosine residue at position 20 (Y20) of the DCD (PMID:21397687)
• Structure-activity analysis of the dermcidin-derived peptide DCD-1L, an anionic antimicrobial peptide present in human sweat. (PMID:22262861)
• major binding partners of LEKTI were found to be the antimicrobial peptide dermcidin and the serine protease cathepsin G and no kallikreins. (PMID:22588119)
• Crystal structure and functional mechanism of a human antimicrobial membrane channel (PMID:23426625)
• Increased Dermcidin was also detected with immunoblotting. (PMID:24562771)
• Data indicate that Y-P30/dermcidin expressed in placentas of first trimester pregnancies. (PMID:24969620)
• Dermcidin binds platelets and may inhibit the therapeutic action of aspirin following acute myocardial infarction. (PMID:25055737)
• Reduced DCD concentration in sweat in patients with inflammatory acne may permit proliferation of P. acnes in pilosebaceous units, resulting in progression of inflammatory acne. (PMID:25673161)
• These findings imply that DCD promotes breast tumorigenesis via modulation of ERBB signaling pathways (PMID:25879571)
• Identification of dermcidin in human sebaceous gland cells supports the concept that sebocytes play an important role in the innate immunity of the skin through the expression of antimicrobial peptides and specific lipids. (PMID:26718508)
• this study shows that PIF regulates systemic immunity and targets protective regulatory and cytoskeleton proteins (PMID:26944449)
• The results of this study suggest that these biomarker DCD can serve as a potential non-invasive early diagnosis platform reflecting PiB-PET imaging for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. (PMID:27392853)
• This is the first report of the presence of DCD in nasal mucosa and demonstration of DCD in clinical samples of human nasal secretions at clinically relevant concentrations, which may represent a novel arm of sinonasal airway innate defense. (PMID:27650261)
• the present study suggests that dermcidin is a novel binding protein of lncRNA STCAT3, which serves an important role in the progress and clinical outcome of gastric cancer (PMID:30226544)
• in this paper we have showed that evolutionary new genes DCD1(Dermicidin), LINC00309 and CLLU1 have tumor-specific expression profile (PMID:30463107)
• the stress-induced DCN-2 production in AIHD propagates the inflammatory response. Steroid molecule like estriol plays a protective role by reducing DCN-2 responses in the NO synthesis. (PMID:30734678)
• Exhaled breath condensate analysis suggests that dermcidin and S100A9 may serve as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis or prognosis. (PMID:31115649)
• Cell surface GRP78 and Dermcidin cooperate to regulate breast cancer cell migration through Wnt signaling. (PMID:33981001)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Paralogs (1): LACRT (ENSG00000135413)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Dermcidin — P81605 (reviewed: P81605)

Alternative names: Preproteolysin

All UniProt accessions (1): P81605

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Found in sweat, has an antimicrobial activity during early bacterial colonization. The secreted peptide assembles into homohexameric complexes that can associate with and also insert into pathogen membranes. Once inserted in bacteria membranes forms anion channels probably altering the transmembrane potential essential for bacterial survival. Highly effective against E.coli, E.faecalis, S.aureus and C.albicans. Optimal pH and salt concentration resemble the conditions in sweat. Also exhibits proteolytic activity, cleaving on the C-terminal side of Arg and, to a lesser extent, Lys residues. Promotes survival of neurons and displays phosphatase activity. It may bind IgG.

Subunit / interactions. Homohexamer.

Subcellular location. Secreted Secreted Secreted. Membrane.

Tissue specificity. Detected in urine (at protein level). Constitutively expressed in eccrine sweat gland cells (at protein level). Secreted into the sweat at a concentration of 1-10 micrograms/ml.

Miscellaneous. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P81605-1	1	yes
P81605-2	2
P81605-3	3

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001287783, NP_444513* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR028130	Dermcidin	Family
IPR043557	Dermcidin/Lacritin	Family

Pfam: PF15291

UniProt features (22 total): binding site 6, splice variant 3, glycosylation site 2, peptide 2, propeptide 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, mutagenesis site 1, helix 1, transmembrane region 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6SHK	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.99
2YMK	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.49
2KSG	SOLUTION NMR
2NDK	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P81605-F1	64.88	0.00

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (6): 86; 90; 100 (in chain b); 104 (in chain b); 67 (in chain a); 71 (in chain a)

Post-translational modifications (1): 68

Glycosylation sites (2): 30, 38

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
100	loss of anion channel activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6803157	Antimicrobial peptides

MSigDB gene sets: 43 (showing top): REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_ANTIMICROBIAL_HUMORAL_RESPONSE, GOBP_INORGANIC_ANION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_OTHER_ORGANISM, GOBP_HUMORAL_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_GRAM_NEGATIVE_BACTERIUM, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_GRAM_POSITIVE_BACTERIUM, GOBP_BIOLOGICAL_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_INTERACTION_WITH_SYMBIONT, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_FUNGUS, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_BACTERIUM, GOBP_CELL_KILLING, GOBP_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, GOCC_PORE_COMPLEX, GOCC_MEMBRANE_PROTEIN_COMPLEX, GOBP_PROTEOLYSIS

GO Biological Process (7): proteolysis (GO:0006508), defense response to bacterium (GO:0042742), defense response to fungus (GO:0050832), obsolete killing by host of symbiont cells (GO:0051873), antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide (GO:0061844), killing of cells of another organism (GO:0031640), monoatomic ion transmembrane transport (GO:0034220)

GO Molecular Function (7): RNA binding (GO:0003723), monoatomic ion channel activity (GO:0005216), peptidase activity (GO:0008233), lipid binding (GO:0008289), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (4): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), membrane (GO:0016020), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Innate Immune System	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
defense response	2
binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
protein metabolic process	1
response to bacterium	1
response to fungus	1
antimicrobial humoral response	1
cell killing	1
disruption of cell in another organism	1
monoatomic ion transport	1
transmembrane transport	1
nucleic acid binding	1
monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
channel activity	1
hydrolase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein	1
cation binding	1
catalytic activity	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

0 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

IntAct

149 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
STAG2	RAD21	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.970
CBX7	BMI1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.940
IFIT1	IFIT3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.920
MED9	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.790
MED26	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
ASF1B	HAT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
LIN28A	IGF2BP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
NCBP2	KPNA3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
DCD	APPBP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
APPBP2	DCD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
DCD	ASPH	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KSR2	POLR3A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ERBB2	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CFTR	CNOT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.480
DDX21	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.480
PPP2R2B	DDX3X	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
TSC22D1	KRT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
DCD	DCD	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
FRMD6	DCD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
rep	DCD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	CD5L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	LECT2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	GNAT3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
DCD	IL24	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370

BioGRID (246): DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Two-hybrid), DCD (Reconstituted Complex), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS), DCD (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0C4G489, A0A6B9KZ02, A0A6B9L6A5, B3EWG3, B3EWG5, B3EWG6, B4II55, B4PPU6, B9WG30, C0HJX8, D6C4I6, F1T149, F1T150, L0GCW2, O18493, O31557, O96059, O97395, P0DM82, P0DP51, P0DPH1, P0DPH5, P0DQV6, P0DTG2, P0DUE8, P10762, P13404, P21663, P40844, P53707, P80710, P80713, P81605, P82818, P85219, P85222, P86718, P86719, Q07730, Q1JS87

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 192 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants	5	11.9×	3e-03
MAP2K and MAPK activation	5	10.7×	4e-03
Signaling by RAF1 mutants	5	10.5×	4e-03
Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants	5	9.5×	5e-03
Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF	5	9.5×	5e-03
Signaling downstream of RAS mutants	5	9.5×	5e-03
Regulation of RAS by GAPs	6	8.7×	3e-03
Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes	7	8.3×	2e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
centriole replication	6	26.6×	1e-04
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	6	13.0×	3e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

20 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	16
Likely benign	2
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

503 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:54645168:CTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:54645169:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:54645170:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:54645171:ACCT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:54645172:C:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:54645261:TT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:54645262:TCTAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:54645263:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:54645264:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:54645268:G:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:54645268:G:GC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:54645275:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:54645276:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:54647119:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:54647120:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:54645258:TTTTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:54645259:TTTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:54645260:TTT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:54645599:GGCTT:G	donor_loss	0.9900
12:54645600:GCTTA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
12:54645601:CTT:C	donor_loss	0.9900
12:54645602:TTA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
12:54645603:TACCC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
12:54645604:AC:A	donor_gain	0.9900
12:54645604:ACCCA:A	donor_loss	0.9900
12:54645605:C:A	donor_loss	0.9900
12:54645605:CC:C	donor_gain	0.9900
12:54645704:CAAG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:54645706:AG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
12:54645708:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

692 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:54648272:G:T	A11D	0.964
12:54648295:G:C	F3L	0.943
12:54648295:G:T	F3L	0.943
12:54648297:A:G	F3L	0.943
12:54648266:G:T	A13E	0.923
12:54648260:G:T	A15D	0.911
12:54648264:C:G	G14R	0.911
12:54648264:C:T	G14R	0.911
12:54648254:A:T	V17D	0.910
12:54648278:A:C	L9R	0.909
12:54648269:A:C	L12R	0.903
12:54648284:A:T	L7H	0.895
12:54648284:A:C	L7R	0.886
12:54648275:G:T	T10K	0.877
12:54644738:T:A	K103I	0.874
12:54648278:A:G	L9P	0.872
12:54648269:A:G	L12P	0.866
12:54648280:G:C	F8L	0.862
12:54648280:G:T	F8L	0.862
12:54648282:A:G	F8L	0.862
12:54648287:A:T	L6H	0.856
12:54648252:A:G	C18R	0.852
12:54648257:A:G	L16P	0.852
12:54644737:T:A	K103N	0.851
12:54644737:T:G	K103N	0.851
12:54648273:C:G	A11P	0.850
12:54648278:A:T	L9Q	0.849
12:54648263:C:T	G14E	0.848
12:54648261:C:G	A15P	0.845
12:54648269:A:T	L12Q	0.843

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1002139151 (12:54648505 T>G), RS1002144556 (12:54648389 T>A,C), RS1002426888 (12:54650123 G>A), RS1002646146 (12:54644262 C>T), RS1002789379 (12:54644818 A>C,G), RS1003075248 (12:54649007 C>T), RS1004413482 (12:54649352 T>C), RS1004444731 (12:54649124 T>C), RS1005314565 (12:54646070 T>C), RS1005535169 (12:54646870 A>G), RS1005590259 (12:54645750 C>G), RS1006190159 (12:54644574 C>T), RS1006729670 (12:54644807 A>C,G,T), RS1006993767 (12:54647510 A>C), RS1007162942 (12:54646255 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606634 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000167_9	Type 2 diabetes	2.000000e-07

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4523267 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

26 total (human), top 26 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Cadmium	decreases expression, affects binding	2
Nickel	decreases expression	2
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
CV 6504	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
thrombin receptor-activating peptide SFLLRNPNDKY	decreases reaction, increases secretion	1
nickel acetate	affects expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Aspirin	decreases reaction, increases secretion, decreases secretion	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Benztropine	decreases expression	1
Clozapine	decreases expression	1
Enzyme Inhibitors	decreases activity, increases O-linked glycosylation	1
Ivermectin	increases expression	1
Lead	affects binding	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Potassium Dichromate	increases expression	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression	1
Tretinoin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Zinc	affects binding	1
Eicosapentaenoic Acid	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
Gold Compounds	increases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	affects expression	1
Magnetite Nanoparticles	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

11 unique, capped per target: 11 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL4421012	Binding	Binding affinity to dermcidin in human HCT116 cell lysates at 3 to 30 uM incubated for 8 hrs by anti-IAF mAb based immunoprecipitation assay	Seriniquinones, melanoma-specific anticancer agents

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.