DDI1

Summary

DDI1 (DDI proteasomal shuttling factor 1, HGNC:18961) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11q22.3, encoding Protein DDI1 homolog 1 (Q8WTU0). Probable aspartic protease.

Predicted to enable aspartic-type endopeptidase activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to hydroxyurea; regulation of DNA stability; and regulation of protein stability.

Source: NCBI Gene 414301 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 79 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001001711

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:18961
Approved symbol	DDI1
Name	DDI proteasomal shuttling factor 1
Location	11q22.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ36017
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000170967
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	620870
Entrez	414301

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000302259

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001001711 NM_001001711

CCDS: CCDS31660

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000302259 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001407353	104036640	104039196

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 23 present calls, max score 99.13.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.1072 / max 118.6354, expressed in 3 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
116452	0.0636	3
116451	0.0436	3

Top tissues by expression

232 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sperm	CL:0000019	99.13	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	85.43	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	85.14	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	83.21	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	81.52	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	77.52	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	69.03	silver quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	66.00	silver quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	59.60	silver quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	57.09	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	57.04	silver quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	55.38	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	54.34	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	54.23	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	53.93	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	53.52	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	50.82	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	50.25	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	48.94	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	48.54	silver quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	47.76	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	47.03	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	46.73	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	46.54	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	46.43	silver quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	46.12	silver quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	45.51	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	45.40	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	44.90	silver quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	44.78	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.80

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

55 targeting DDI1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-223-3P	99.99	70.14	1140
HSA-MIR-512-3P	99.97	67.35	1049
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-15A-5P	99.90	72.80	2787
HSA-MIR-544A	99.84	68.66	1965
HSA-MIR-2052	99.79	69.37	2031
HSA-MIR-12130	99.75	65.47	452
HSA-MIR-8084	99.73	69.57	1760
HSA-MIR-3202	99.66	67.70	2737
HSA-MIR-1260A	99.61	66.67	1098
HSA-MIR-1260B	99.61	66.67	1098
HSA-MIR-6758-3P	99.57	67.55	1078
HSA-MIR-106A-3P	99.53	67.58	995
HSA-MIR-186-3P	99.51	66.24	1685
HSA-MIR-4761-5P	99.51	66.69	804
HSA-MIR-3915	99.45	68.49	1905
HSA-MIR-6722-3P	99.45	67.62	1919
HSA-MIR-4735-5P	99.43	68.49	1780
HSA-MIR-372-5P	99.41	69.11	2299
HSA-MIR-4251	99.40	69.19	3363
HSA-MIR-4312	99.34	67.30	511
HSA-MIR-520F-5P	99.34	70.40	1632
HSA-MIR-580-5P	99.28	70.94	1776
HSA-MIR-3191-5P	99.24	66.52	1722
HSA-MIR-2054	99.20	68.89	1699
HSA-MIR-3940-5P	99.14	65.26	493

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• Using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in culture, we also observed that human DDI1 is ubiquitinated by UBE3A, without being targeted for degradation (PMID:29788202)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ddi2	ENSDARG00000006477
mus_musculus	Ddi1	ENSMUSG00000047619
rattus_norvegicus	Ddi1	ENSRNOG00000022081
drosophila_melanogaster	rngo	FBGN0030753
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00015308

Paralogs (4): NRIP2 (ENSG00000053702), UBAC2 (ENSG00000134882), NRIP3 (ENSG00000175352), DDI2 (ENSG00000197312)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Protein DDI1 homolog 1 — Q8WTU0 (reviewed: Q8WTU0)

All UniProt accessions (1): Q8WTU0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Probable aspartic protease. Seems to act as a proteasomal shuttle which links the proteasome and replication fork proteins like RTF2. Required, with DDI2, for cellular survival following replication stress. Together or redudantly with DDI2, removes RTF2 from stalled forks to allow cell cycle progression after replication stress and maintains genome integrity.

Activity regulation. Inhibited by the proteinase inhibitors amprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, isovaleryl pepstatin, ritonavir and saquinavir.

Similarity. Belongs to the DDI1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001001711* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000626	Ubiquitin-like_dom	Domain
IPR019103	Peptidase_aspartic_DDI1-type	Domain
IPR021109	Peptidase_aspartic_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR029071	Ubiquitin-like_domsf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR033882	DDI1_N	Domain
IPR057273	Ddi1/2_HDD	Domain

Pfam: PF00240, PF09668, PF24669

UniProt features (30 total): strand 9, helix 5, sequence conflict 4, sequence variant 3, region of interest 2, turn 2, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, domain 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
3S8I	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8WTU0-F1	78.27	0.48

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 260

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 45 (showing top): GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, chr11q22, GOBP_MACROMOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_STABILITY, GOBP_PROTEASOMAL_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PROTEOLYSIS, GOMF_PEPTIDASE_ACTIVITY, GOMF_ASPARTIC_TYPE_PEPTIDASE_ACTIVITY, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_HYDROXYUREA, MIR6833_3P, MIR4768_5P, MIR580_5P, MIR7113_5P

GO Biological Process (5): proteasomal protein catabolic process (GO:0010498), regulation of protein stability (GO:0031647), cellular response to hydroxyurea (GO:0072711), regulation of DNA stability (GO:0097752), proteolysis (GO:0006508)

GO Molecular Function (4): aspartic-type endopeptidase activity (GO:0004190), protein binding (GO:0005515), peptidase activity (GO:0008233), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (0):

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
regulation of biological quality	2
protein catabolic process	1
response to hydroxyurea	1
cellular response to nitrogen compound	1
protein metabolic process	1
endopeptidase activity	1
aspartic-type peptidase activity	1
binding	1
hydrolase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein	1
catalytic activity	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

944 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
DDI1	ADRM1	Q16186	815
DDI1	PSMD4	P55036	783
DDI1	UBQLN1	Q9UMX0	783
DDI1	UBQLN2	Q9UHD9	764
DDI1	RAD23A	P54725	654
DDI1	NGLY1	Q96IV0	595
DDI1	PSMD2	Q13200	588
DDI1	UBE3A	P78355	561
DDI1	NFE2L1	Q14494	550
DDI1	SPRTN	Q9H040	536
DDI1	PSMD14	O00487	507
DDI1	SEM1	Q6ZVN7	505
DDI1	RTF2	Q9BY42	496
DDI1	RAD23B	P54727	489
DDI1	USP14	P54578	453

IntAct

93 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DDI1	CCL28	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.830
CCL28	DDI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.830
CYGB	DDI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
KLHL42	DDI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
DDI1	KLHL42	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
DDI1	CYGB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
SFXN1	DDI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.590
DDI1	UBE2K	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
UBE2K	DDI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
DDI1	MAS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
DDI1	DDI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MAS1	DDI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
USP2	DDI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SDS	DDI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TRAF2	DDI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
DDI1	FAM161B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
DDI1	RPP25	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (89): DDI1 (Two-hybrid), DDI1 (Two-hybrid), DDI1 (Two-hybrid), DDI1 (Two-hybrid), UBC (Reconstituted Complex), DDI1 (Affinity Capture-MS), DDI1 (Affinity Capture-MS), USP47 (Affinity Capture-MS), NRIP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), RSC1A1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), DDI1 (Two-hybrid), CCL28 (Two-hybrid), DDI1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NRIP3 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JPP7, E9Q4Z2, F1N2W9, F1QDI9, O12940, O35815, O60784, O70593, O88746, O88978, O88984, O95453, P54252, P54731, P58797, P69341, Q0VGM9, Q1RMR5, Q28BP9, Q2HJD0, Q2T9Z1, Q32LM2, Q3TDN2, Q5BK32, Q5R752, Q5RC51, Q5RJZ1, Q68FJ8, Q6AZH6, Q6GQ69, Q6H1L8, Q6R005, Q6TH22, Q7ZU92, Q7ZYA7, Q80W98, Q8BJU0, Q8CFK2, Q8UUU2, Q8VD33

Diamond homologs: A0JPP7, A1CDT9, A1DCU5, A2ADY9, I7HUG0, P0CS14, P0CS15, P40087, Q0CJ13, Q0U3Y6, Q10256, Q17569, Q1DNB9, Q1EBV4, Q2H085, Q2T9Z1, Q2USD7, Q497D6, Q4WGS4, Q54JB0, Q5AY89, Q5TDH0, Q6BK42, Q6CFI3, Q6CNS3, Q6FQE9, Q6TH22, Q754R2, Q7S906, Q7ZYA7, Q8WTU0, Q95JI3, Q9DAF3, Q9BQI9, P0C273, P0C275, P0C276, P0CG82, P0CH10, P0CH11

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

79 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	71
Likely benign	4
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

221 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:104036839:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9400
11:104036840:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9400
11:104037016:GCCTC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9300
11:104037019:T:TG	acceptor_gain	0.9000
11:104037045:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9000
11:104037960:T:G	acceptor_gain	0.8500
11:104036833:CCGT:C	donor_gain	0.8400
11:104036865:G:GC	donor_gain	0.8300
11:104036861:CGAGG:C	donor_gain	0.8100
11:104037020:C:A	acceptor_gain	0.8100
11:104037044:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.8100
11:104036834:CGTG:C	donor_gain	0.7400
11:104036911:T:TA	donor_gain	0.7200
11:104037994:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.7200
11:104037765:CAGTG:C	donor_gain	0.7100
11:104037959:T:TG	acceptor_gain	0.7100
11:104037017:CCTC:C	acceptor_gain	0.6900
11:104037581:T:TA	donor_gain	0.6800
11:104036829:A:AC	donor_gain	0.6700
11:104036826:CTGA:C	donor_gain	0.6600
11:104036827:TGAT:T	donor_gain	0.6600
11:104036859:T:A	donor_gain	0.6600
11:104037015:GGCCT:G	acceptor_gain	0.6600
11:104036775:G:GG	donor_gain	0.6400
11:104038271:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.6400
11:104036774:A:AG	donor_gain	0.6300
11:104036831:C:T	donor_gain	0.6300
11:104036867:C:T	donor_gain	0.6300
11:104037562:A:C	donor_gain	0.6200
11:104038269:CCA:C	acceptor_gain	0.6200

AlphaMissense

2592 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
11:104037598:T:A	V259D	0.999
11:104037868:T:C	L349P	0.998
11:104037592:C:A	A257D	0.996
11:104037602:C:A	D260E	0.996
11:104037602:C:G	D260E	0.996
11:104037640:C:A	A273D	0.996
11:104037691:C:A	A290D	0.996
11:104037534:T:C	F238L	0.995
11:104037536:T:A	F238L	0.995
11:104037536:T:G	F238L	0.995
11:104037600:G:C	D260H	0.995
11:104037601:A:C	D260A	0.995
11:104037601:A:G	D260G	0.995
11:104037601:A:T	D260V	0.995
11:104037727:T:A	V302D	0.995
11:104037817:T:C	L332P	0.995
11:104037826:T:A	L335H	0.995
11:104037826:T:C	L335P	0.995
11:104037840:T:C	C340R	0.995
11:104037564:T:C	C248R	0.994
11:104037724:G:C	R301P	0.994
11:104037813:G:C	G331R	0.994
11:104037814:G:A	G331D	0.994
11:104037853:T:C	L344S	0.994
11:104037868:T:A	L349Q	0.994
11:104037900:T:C	F360L	0.994
11:104037902:T:A	F360L	0.994
11:104037902:T:G	F360L	0.994
11:104037729:C:G	H303D	0.993
11:104037868:T:G	L349R	0.993

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000987835 (11:104037027 G>A), RS1001438638 (11:104036680 C>A,T), RS1002223509 (11:104036466 T>A,C,G), RS1002998066 (11:104034767 C>G,T), RS1003303067 (11:104039431 T>A,C), RS1004933366 (11:104036088 A>G), RS1005601577 (11:104038453 T>A,C), RS1006051597 (11:104034962 T>TA), RS1006173918 (11:104039410 G>GA), RS1006682114 (11:104036216 GA>G), RS1008677639 (11:104035941 A>G), RS1009354209 (11:104038361 C>T), RS1009403637 (11:104038128 C>T), RS1009643869 (11:104036769 C>A), RS1012300769 (11:104036663 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:620870 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): premature menopause (MONDO:0001119)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST009391_1168	Metabolite levels	8.000000e-06
GCST009391_1194	Metabolite levels	2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0010460	anthranilic acid measurement
EFO:0009765	alanine measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D008594	Menopause, Premature	C12.050.351.500.056.630.250; C12.100.250.056.630.250; G08.686.157.500.500; G08.686.841.249.500.500

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

3 total (human), top 3 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	increases methylation	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

82 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00417066	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Flexible GnRH Antagonist vs Flare up GnRH Agonist Protocol in Poor Responders
NCT00732693	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Physiologic and Standard Sex Steroid Replacement Regimens in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00837616	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Estrogen Dosing in Turner Syndrome: Pharmacology and Metabolism
NCT01853501	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effects of ADSC Therapy in Women With POF
NCT02783937	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Filgrastim for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT03535480	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Ovarian Transplantation to Restore Ovarian Function in Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00140998	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Estrogen Treatment (Oral vs. Patches) in Turner Syndrome
NCT00001951	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Hormone Replacement in Young Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00370019	PHASE2	WITHDRAWN	Effects of an Estrogen Replacement Therapy Skin Patch on Ovulation in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT00429494	PHASE2	COMPLETED	GnRH Analogue for Ovarian Function Preservation in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients
NCT03816852	PHASE2	SUSPENDED	The Safety and Efficiency Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell (19#iSCLife®-POI) in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT04536467	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Failure With Goserelin in Premenopausal Lymphoma Patients
NCT06117982	PHASE2	COMPLETED	The Impact of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor on Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT02912104	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Therapeutic Trial of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Transplantation for Primary Ovarian Failure
NCT03178695	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Inovium Ovarian Rejuvenation Trials
NCT04815213	PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Use of Expandeded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) in Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) in Adult Humans
NCT05138367	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Effects of UCA-PSCs in Women With POF
NCT06132542	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Autologous ADMSC Transplantation in Patients With POI
NCT00948857	PHASE2/PHASE3	TERMINATED	Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Treatment and Premature Ovarian Failure (POF)
NCT04031456	PHASE2/PHASE3	RECRUITING	Autologous PRP Infusion May Restore Ovarian Function and May Promote Folliculogenesis in POI Patients
NCT02043743	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Autologous Stem Cells Transplantation in Patients With Idiopathic and Drug Induced Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT02062931	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation In Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT02151890	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Pregnancy After Stem Cell Transplantation in Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT02372474	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	It is a Real The First Baby Of Autologous Stem Cell Therapy in Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT02603744	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Autologous Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Transplantation in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure (POF)
NCT02644447	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Transplantation of HUC-MSCs With Injectable Collagen Scaffold for POF
NCT03069209	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Premature Ovarian Failure (POF)
NCT03985462	PHASE1/PHASE2	WITHDRAWN	Very Small Embryonic-like Stem Cells for Ovary
NCT04009473	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Stem Cell Therapy and Growth Factor Ovarian in Vitro Activation
NCT04071574	PHASE1/PHASE2	COMPLETED	Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Ovarian Stimulation Protocols on the Success Rate of ICSI in Female Infertility
NCT04922398	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Ovarian Injection of PRP (Platelet -Rich Plasma) Vs Normal Saline in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT05462379	PHASE1/PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Autologous Heterotopic Fresh Ovarian Graft in Woman With LACC Eligible for Pelvic Radiotherapy Treatment.
NCT06202547	PHASE1/PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Intra-ovarian Injection of MSC-EVs in Idiopathic Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT01129947	EARLY_PHASE1	WITHDRAWN	The Use of DHEA in Women With Premature Ovarian Failure
NCT05522634	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	A Clinical Study of Chinese Herbal Compound TJAOA101 in the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency
NCT07308327	EARLY_PHASE1	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Influence of Gut Microbiota on Ovarian Function: A Single-center, Randomized,Double Blind, Parallel-controlled, Exploratory Clinical Trial
NCT00001275	Not specified	COMPLETED	Ovarian Follicle Function in Patients With Primary Ovarian Failure
NCT00001306	Not specified	COMPLETED	Steroid Therapy in Autoimmune Premature Ovarian Failure
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