DDX19A

gene
On this page

Also known as FLJ11126

Summary

DDX19A (DEAD-box helicase 19A, HGNC:25628) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16q22.1, encoding ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX19A (Q9NUU7). ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in mRNA export from the nucleus. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 22.2% of cell lines).

Predicted to enable RNA helicase activity and mRNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus. Located in membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 55308 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 4
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 46 total
  • Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 22.2% of screened cell lines
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_018332

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:25628
Approved symbolDDX19A
NameDEAD-box helicase 19A
Location16q22.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesFLJ11126
Ensembl geneENSG00000168872
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
Entrez55308

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 22 — 10 protein_coding, 5 nonsense_mediated_decay, 5 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000302243, ENST00000417604, ENST00000561574, ENST00000562140, ENST00000562509, ENST00000562649, ENST00000565195, ENST00000566167, ENST00000566574, ENST00000567012, ENST00000568779, ENST00000569244, ENST00000569319, ENST00000569771, ENST00000575878, ENST00000879410, ENST00000921894, ENST00000921895, ENST00000921896, ENST00000950912, ENST00000950913, ENST00000950914

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_018332 NM_001320522, NM_001320525, NM_001320526, NM_001320527, NM_018332

CCDS: CCDS10889, CCDS82009

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000302243 — 12 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000018784197034690370347048
ENSE000026229747037192570373383
ENSE000034956487035611270356247
ENSE000035981417035548570355535
ENSE000036856007035055770350605
ENSE000037846047036662470366861
ENSE000037848567036141870361510
ENSE000037850467036501770365131
ENSE000037874227037022370370385
ENSE000037882197036608570366262
ENSE000037908897036454370364645
ENSE000037915177037137270371563

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 148 present calls, max score 94.42.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 39.1091 / max 325.3243, expressed in 1820 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
15487136.79881819
1548722.08031255
2079330.230080

Top tissues by expression

151 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138894.42gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138394.20gold quality
skeletal muscle tissueUBERON:000113493.05gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425292.64gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113592.40gold quality
muscle tissueUBERON:000238592.20gold quality
placentaUBERON:000198791.35gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830390.65gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583390.62gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347390.59gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225090.57gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761090.57gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305390.54gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162590.53gold quality
urinary bladderUBERON:000125590.29gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548890.22gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propriaUBERON:003584190.22gold quality
vastus lateralisUBERON:000137989.96silver quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000689.83gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370189.81gold quality
descending thoracic aortaUBERON:000234589.74gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580589.71gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151589.67gold quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149689.59gold quality
sigmoid colonUBERON:000115989.55gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582789.55gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119989.54gold quality
left uterine tubeUBERON:000130389.43gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123489.34gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208489.31gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes6.75

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

55 targeting DDX19A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-7110-3P100.0073.182486
HSA-MIR-340-5P100.0072.504437
HSA-MIR-6873-3P100.0071.422626
HSA-MIR-196A-5P100.0068.16684
HSA-MIR-196B-5P100.0068.16681
HSA-MIR-6833-3P100.0070.633197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P100.0069.492861
HSA-MIR-450099.9972.722367
HSA-MIR-118499.9968.191458
HSA-MIR-366299.9973.825684
HSA-LET-7G-5P99.9872.371784
HSA-LET-7I-5P99.9872.371788
HSA-MIR-4482-3P99.9872.503147
HSA-LET-7A-5P99.9872.291790
HSA-LET-7B-5P99.9872.311790
HSA-LET-7C-5P99.9872.291790
HSA-LET-7E-5P99.9872.291790
HSA-LET-7F-5P99.9872.561784
HSA-MIR-98-5P99.9872.331787
HSA-LET-7D-5P99.9671.761632
HSA-MIR-445899.9671.641650
HSA-MIR-449299.8768.253611
HSA-MIR-4659A-3P99.8072.624248
HSA-MIR-4659B-3P99.8072.624248
HSA-MIR-1255A99.7468.09744
HSA-MIR-1255B-5P99.7468.16741
HSA-MIR-1296-3P99.7264.04636
HSA-MIR-451699.6167.783390
HSA-MIR-3616-5P99.5567.02989
HSA-MIR-57399.5567.44955

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 22.2% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

  • Silencing of let-7b-5p inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation and stemness characteristics by Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp-box helicase 19A. (PMID:34612147)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioddx19bENSDARG00000005699
danio_rerioddx19aENSDARG00000044325
mus_musculusDdx19aENSMUSG00000015023
rattus_norvegicusDdx19bENSRNOG00000018033

Paralogs (38): DDX20 (ENSG00000064703), DDX3Y (ENSG00000067048), DDX1 (ENSG00000079785), DDX43 (ENSG00000080007), DDX18 (ENSG00000088205), DDX24 (ENSG00000089737), DDX17 (ENSG00000100201), DDX49 (ENSG00000105671), DDX50 (ENSG00000107625), DDX5 (ENSG00000108654), DDX25 (ENSG00000109832), DDX6 (ENSG00000110367), DDX55 (ENSG00000111364), DDX59 (ENSG00000118197), DDX54 (ENSG00000123064), DDX39A (ENSG00000123136), DDX27 (ENSG00000124228), DDX31 (ENSG00000125485), DDX56 (ENSG00000136271), EIF4A3 (ENSG00000141543), DDX46 (ENSG00000145833), DDX4 (ENSG00000152670), EIF4A2 (ENSG00000156976), DDX19B (ENSG00000157349), EIF4A1 (ENSG00000161960), DDX21 (ENSG00000165732), TDRD12 (ENSG00000173809), DDX23 (ENSG00000174243), DDX10 (ENSG00000178105), DDX28 (ENSG00000182810), DDX41 (ENSG00000183258), DDX53 (ENSG00000184735), DDX51 (ENSG00000185163), DDX42 (ENSG00000198231), DDX39B (ENSG00000198563), DDX47 (ENSG00000213782), DDX3X (ENSG00000215301), DDX52 (ENSG00000278053)

Protein

Protein identifiers

ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX19AQ9NUU7 (reviewed: Q9NUU7)

Alternative names: DDX19-like protein, DEAD box protein 19A

All UniProt accessions (8): Q9NUU7, H3BP36, H3BP50, H3BSL8, H3BTB3, I3L0H8, I3L352, J3QRH0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in mRNA export from the nucleus. Rather than unwinding RNA duplexes, DDX19 functions as a remodeler of ribonucleoprotein particles, whereby proteins bound to nuclear mRNA are dissociated and replaced by cytoplasmic mRNA binding proteins.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Nucleoplasm.

Domain organisation. The N-terminal extension helix acts as an autoinhibitory domain, preventing ATP hydrolysis, unless the N-terminus of the protein is displaced by RNA binding, allowing cleft closure to bring key side chains into position for catalysis.

Similarity. Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX19/DBP5 subfamily.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9NUU7-11yes
Q9NUU7-22

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_001307451, NP_001307454, NP_001307455, NP_001307456, NP_060802* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001650Helicase_C-likeDomain
IPR011545DEAD/DEAH_box_helicase_domDomain
IPR014001Helicase_ATP-bdDomain
IPR014014RNA_helicase_DEAD_Q_motifDomain
IPR027417P-loop_NTPaseHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00270, PF00271

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

  • ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:13065)

UniProt features (19 total): binding site 4, region of interest 3, modified residue 2, cross-link 2, domain 2, short sequence motif 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, splice variant 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9NUU7-F180.970.44

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 137–144; 428; 431; 118

Post-translational modifications (4): 2, 42, 26, 26

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 172 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_BRAIN_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_DN, ATF_B, ACTACCT_MIR196A_MIR196B, FAELT_B_CLL_WITH_VH_REARRANGEMENTS_DN, chr16q22, SHEPARD_CRASH_AND_BURN_MUTANT_UP, MORF_HDAC1, MORF_UBE2N, CREBP1_Q2, MORF_HDAC2, MODULE_16, GOBP_NUCLEAR_TRANSPORT, GOBP_NUCLEOBASE_CONTAINING_COMPOUND_TRANSPORT, GOTZMANN_EPITHELIAL_TO_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION_DN, CREB_Q2_01

GO Biological Process (3): response to zinc ion (GO:0010043), poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus (GO:0016973), positive regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043065)

GO Molecular Function (10): RNA helicase activity (GO:0003724), mRNA binding (GO:0003729), ATP binding (GO:0005524), ATP hydrolysis activity (GO:0016887), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676), RNA binding (GO:0003723), helicase activity (GO:0004386), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (5): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasmic stress granule (GO:0010494), membrane (GO:0016020), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure3
ATP-dependent activity2
binding2
response to metal ion1
mRNA export from nucleus1
apoptotic process1
regulation of apoptotic process1
positive regulation of programmed cell death1
helicase activity1
ATP-dependent activity, acting on RNA1
catalytic activity, acting on RNA1
RNA binding1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity1
nucleoside phosphate binding1
heterocyclic compound binding1
nucleic acid binding1
nucleic acid conformation isomerase activity1
catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid1
catalytic activity1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
nuclear lumen1
cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule1
intracellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1616 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
DDX19ANLRP3Q96P20825
DDX19ADHX33Q9H6R0572
DDX19AANGEL1Q9UNK9512
DDX19AGLE1Q53GS7501
DDX19ADHX57Q6P158450
DDX19AOR2T5Q6IEZ7439
DDX19ARNF19AQ9NV58425
DDX19ATUBGCP3Q96CW5417
DDX19AGEMIN2O14893413
DDX19ADHX36Q9H2U1410
DDX19ATUBG1P23258407
DDX19ABMP8AQ7Z5Y6401
DDX19ANAGAP17050398
DDX19ABMP8BP34820382
DDX19ANUP214P35658381

IntAct

81 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
DDX19BMIF4GDpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.870
MIF4GDDDX19Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.860
DDX19AMIF4GDpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.860
DDX19AMIF4GDpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.860
CFTRESYT2psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.710
CTIFDDX19Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
DDX19ACFTRpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.620
CFTRDDX19Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.620
MIF4GDDDX19Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
DDX21MED19psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.480
SDC2DDX19Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
DDX19APApsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
DDX19APB1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
DDX19APB2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
MDFIDDX19Apsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
Xpo1IFT56psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
HSCBRBP5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
HSD17B10HMGB1P1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
HSD17B10HNRNPDLpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
HSD17B10COPEpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (126): MIF4GD (Two-hybrid), DDX19A (Affinity Capture-RNA), DDX19A (Affinity Capture-MS), DDX19A (Two-hybrid), DDX25 (Affinity Capture-MS), DDX19B (Affinity Capture-MS), NUP214 (Affinity Capture-MS), NUP88 (Affinity Capture-MS), NUP62 (Affinity Capture-MS), CTIF (Affinity Capture-MS), MIF4GD (Two-hybrid), DDX19A (Co-fractionation), DDX19A (Co-fractionation), DDX19A (Co-fractionation), DDX19A (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1CFV3, A1CYG5, A3GH91, A3LNR6, A4R8B5, A4RIF1, A5DBI5, A5DID7, A5DZX2, A6RC50, A6SBT4, A6ZNQ1, A7EY76, O61305, P0CQ84, P0CQ86, P0CQ87, P20449, Q03532, Q09747, Q0CDT1, Q0UCB9, Q0UR48, Q1EB85, Q2HGF7, Q2U8K6, Q2UUN6, Q3ZBV2, Q4HY71, Q4IEK8, Q4P7Z8, Q4WIN6, Q5AJD0, Q5AK59, Q5AVM1, Q5BBY1, Q61655, Q6BH93, Q6BRE4, Q6C3X7

Diamond homologs: A1CFV3, A1CJT5, A1CYG5, A1D7N3, A2QEN5, A2QUY7, A3GFI4, A3GH91, A4HRK0, A4QVP2, A4RIF1, A5A6N4, A5DB98, A5DBI5, A5DVM3, A5DZX2, A6RC50, A6RJ45, A6SBT4, A6ZNQ1, A6ZQJ1, A7EGL7, A7EY76, O02494, O61305, O62591, P0CQ70, P0CQ71, P0CQ86, P0CQ87, P10081, P10630, P20449, P27639, P29562, P35683, P41376, P41378, P41379, P41381

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 83 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway717.9×7e-05
protein autophosphorylation612.8×2e-03
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction78.1×4e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

46 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance32
Likely benign3
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2282 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
16:70347031:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
16:70347045:GTCG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:70347076:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
16:70347116:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
16:70350551:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:70350552:T:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:70350552:TTCA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:70350553:TCA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:70350554:CA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
16:70350555:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:70350555:AGAT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
16:70350556:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
16:70350556:GA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:70350556:GAT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:70350556:GATG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:70350556:GATGA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:70355480:TGTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:70355481:GTAG:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
16:70355482:TA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:70355482:TAGGT:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:70355483:AGG:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
16:70355484:G:GTacceptor_loss1.0000
16:70356244:GGCT:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:70356245:GCT:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:70356245:GCTG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:70356246:CTG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
16:70356247:TGT:Tdonor_loss1.0000
16:70356247:TGTG:Tdonor_loss1.0000
16:70356248:G:Adonor_loss1.0000
16:70356248:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

3173 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
16:70356231:T:CF93L1.000
16:70356232:T:CF93S1.000
16:70356232:T:GF93C1.000
16:70356233:T:AF93L1.000
16:70356233:T:GF93L1.000
16:70356241:T:CL96P1.000
16:70361455:T:CF111L1.000
16:70361457:C:AF111L1.000
16:70361457:C:GF111L1.000
16:70361465:C:AP114H1.000
16:70361474:T:AI117K1.000
16:70361474:T:GI117R1.000
16:70361478:A:CQ118H1.000
16:70361478:A:TQ118H1.000
16:70361485:G:CA121P1.000
16:70364554:T:CL133P1.000
16:70364560:C:AA135D1.000
16:70364564:G:CQ136H1.000
16:70364564:G:TQ136H1.000
16:70364565:T:CS137P1.000
16:70364574:G:CG140R1.000
16:70364574:G:TG140C1.000
16:70364575:G:AG140D1.000
16:70364575:G:TG140V1.000
16:70364580:G:CG142R1.000
16:70364580:G:TG142C1.000
16:70364581:G:AG142D1.000
16:70364581:G:TG142V1.000
16:70364583:A:CK143Q1.000
16:70364584:A:TK143I1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000039979 (16:70373493 A>G), RS1000048210 (16:70354313 AT>A), RS1000118741 (16:70368009 C>T), RS1000209904 (16:70366423 C>A,T), RS1000279577 (16:70349424 G>A), RS1000324493 (16:70362871 G>A), RS1000527687 (16:70350649 G>T), RS1000540952 (16:70350848 A>G,T), RS1000600015 (16:70360239 C>G,T), RS1000617839 (16:70345940 G>A,C), RS1000834533 (16:70355980 C>G,T), RS1000967523 (16:70372178 T>A), RS1001142003 (16:70345293 G>A), RS1001247989 (16:70373711 T>C,G), RS1001250076 (16:70350849 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST006077_3Branched-chain amino acid levels (Isoleucine)2.000000e-08
GCST006078_1Branched-chain amino acid levels (Valine)3.000000e-06
GCST010703_100Brain morphology (MOSTest)2.000000e-40
GCST010725_47Malaria6.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0005134amino acid measurement
EFO:0004346neuroimaging measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

28 total (human), top 28 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Aciddecreases methylation, increases expression, affects expression3
bisphenol Aincreases methylation, decreases expression, decreases methylation, affects cotreatment2
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl etherdecreases expression, affects cotreatment, affects localization1
decabromobiphenyl etherdecreases expression1
beta-lapachonedecreases expression, increases expression1
sodium arsenitedecreases expression1
cobaltous chloridedecreases expression1
perfluorooctanoic aciddecreases expression1
manganese chloridedecreases expression, increases abundance1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl etherdecreases expression1
pentabrominated diphenyl ether 100decreases expression1
hexabrominated diphenyl ether 153decreases expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Fulvestrantaffects cotreatment, increases methylation1
Atrazinedecreases expression1
Caffeinedecreases phosphorylation1
Doxorubicinaffects expression1
Furaldehydeaffects cotreatment, affects localization, increases expression1
Hydrogen Peroxideaffects expression1
Ivermectindecreases expression1
Manganesedecreases expression, increases abundance1
Piroxicamdecreases expression1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Ribonucleotidesaffects binding1
Rotenonedecreases expression1
Smokedecreases expression1
Sodium Chlorideaffects localization, increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.