DDX53

Summary

DDX53 (DEAD-box helicase 53, HGNC:20083) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xp22.11, encoding Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX53 (Q86TM3).

This intronless gene encodes a protein which contains several domains found in members of the DEAD-box helicase protein family. Other members of this protein family participate in ATP-dependent RNA unwinding.

Source: NCBI Gene 168400 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): autism spectrum disorder (Strong, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 126 total — 3 pathogenic, 4 likely-pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_182699

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:20083
Approved symbol	DDX53
Name	DEAD-box helicase 53
Location	Xp22.11
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CAGE, CT26
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000184735
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	301079
Entrez	168400

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000327968

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_182699 NM_182699

CCDS: CCDS35214

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000327968 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001296626	22999960	23003589

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 12 present calls, max score 86.34.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0487 / max 12.2016, expressed in 20 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
195749	0.0487	20

Top tissues by expression

232 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	86.34	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	79.57	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	71.21	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	66.99	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	66.91	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	66.62	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	57.41	silver quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	50.76	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	43.37	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	42.57	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	42.34	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	42.12	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	41.82	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	41.78	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	41.77	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	41.76	silver quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	41.45	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	41.33	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	41.25	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	41.10	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	40.98	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	40.88	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	40.74	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	40.69	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	40.69	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	40.59	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	40.57	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	40.45	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	40.45	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	40.43	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	3.11

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AP1, JUN, JUND

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

12 targeting DDX53, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-302B-5P	99.50	69.49	1857
HSA-MIR-302D-5P	99.50	69.34	1863
HSA-MIR-217-5P	99.49	69.93	1419
HSA-MIR-6507-5P	99.36	70.46	2524
HSA-MIR-6807-3P	99.15	69.23	1275
HSA-MIR-323B-3P	99.14	68.89	725
HSA-MIR-6074	98.89	69.64	2187
HSA-MIR-16-1-3P	98.70	69.23	1538
HSA-MIR-374B-3P	98.63	68.24	1360
HSA-MIR-3116	97.07	65.78	1324

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 13)

• CAGE is expressed in a variety of cancers but not in normal tissues except testis, and might play a role in cellular proliferation. (PMID:11922625)
• results suggest that the methylation status of the CpG sites of CAGE determines its expression, and that hypomethylation of CAGE precedes the development of gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (PMID:12849980)
• CAGE promotes motility of cancer cells through activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). (PMID:17028776)
• Hypomethylated CAGE promoter CpG islands are frequently involved in uterine cervical carcinogenesis. (PMID:17341616)
• The CAGE gene is widely expressed in various cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. (PMID:18388483)
• CAGE induced the interaction between histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and Snail, which exerted a negative effect on p53 expression in neoplastic cells; CAGE confers drug resistance by regulating expression of p53 through HDAC2. (PMID:20534591)
• miR-217-CAGE feedback loop serves as a target for overcoming resistance to various anti-cancer drugs, including EGFR and HER2 inhibitors. (PMID:26863629)
• Results show the direct regulation of CAGE expression by HDAC3 and that HDAC3-CAGE axis regulates the activation of EGFR. HDAC3 targets CAGE to regulate the tumorigenic potential and angiogenic potential of cancer cells. (PMID:26883907)
• Results provide evidence that miR-30a forms a positive feedback loop with CAGE to regulate the expression of p53 confering resistance to anti-cancer drugs. (PMID:26912082)
• DDX53 promotes stem cell-like properties, autophagy, and confers resistance to anti-cancer drugs in breast cancer cells. (PMID:28152297)
• A novel role of DDX53 in regulating cancer stem cell-like properties by binding to SOX-2.DDX53 directly regulates the SOX-2 expression in drug-resistant melanoma cells. (PMID:28535666)
• DDX53 plays a critical role in taxol-resistance by activating autophagy and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of taxol-resistant cervix cancer. (PMID:30454700)
• Disruption of DDX53 coding sequence has limited impact on iPSC-derived human NGN2 neurons. (PMID:36635662)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Paralogs (38): DDX20 (ENSG00000064703), DDX3Y (ENSG00000067048), DDX1 (ENSG00000079785), DDX43 (ENSG00000080007), DDX18 (ENSG00000088205), DDX24 (ENSG00000089737), DDX17 (ENSG00000100201), DDX49 (ENSG00000105671), DDX50 (ENSG00000107625), DDX5 (ENSG00000108654), DDX25 (ENSG00000109832), DDX6 (ENSG00000110367), DDX55 (ENSG00000111364), DDX59 (ENSG00000118197), DDX54 (ENSG00000123064), DDX39A (ENSG00000123136), DDX27 (ENSG00000124228), DDX31 (ENSG00000125485), DDX56 (ENSG00000136271), EIF4A3 (ENSG00000141543), DDX46 (ENSG00000145833), DDX4 (ENSG00000152670), EIF4A2 (ENSG00000156976), DDX19B (ENSG00000157349), EIF4A1 (ENSG00000161960), DDX21 (ENSG00000165732), DDX19A (ENSG00000168872), TDRD12 (ENSG00000173809), DDX23 (ENSG00000174243), DDX10 (ENSG00000178105), DDX28 (ENSG00000182810), DDX41 (ENSG00000183258), DDX51 (ENSG00000185163), DDX42 (ENSG00000198231), DDX39B (ENSG00000198563), DDX47 (ENSG00000213782), DDX3X (ENSG00000215301), DDX52 (ENSG00000278053)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX53 — Q86TM3 (reviewed: Q86TM3)

Alternative names: Cancer-associated gene protein, Cancer/testis antigen 26, DEAD box protein 53, DEAD box protein CAGE

All UniProt accessions (1): Q86TM3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in testis. Wide expression in various cancer tissues and cancer cell lines.

Similarity. Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_874358* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000629	RNA-helicase_DEAD-box_CS	Conserved_site
IPR001650	Helicase_C-like	Domain
IPR004087	KH_dom	Domain
IPR004088	KH_dom_type_1	Domain
IPR011545	DEAD/DEAH_box_helicase_dom	Domain
IPR014001	Helicase_ATP-bd	Domain
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036612	KH_dom_type_1_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00013, PF00270, PF00271

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:13065)

UniProt features (53 total): helix 19, strand 15, sequence variant 4, sequence conflict 4, binding site 4, domain 3, short sequence motif 2, chain 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8KCA	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.97
3IUY	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q86TM3-F1	79.66	0.47

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 244; 249; 268–273; 311

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 29 (showing top): LI_PROSTATE_CANCER_EPIGENETIC, GOMF_MRNA_BINDING, GOMF_HYDROLASE_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_ACID_ANHYDRIDES, GOMF_ATP_HYDROLYSIS_ACTIVITY, GOMF_ADENYL_NUCLEOTIDE_BINDING, GOMF_ISOMERASE_ACTIVITY, chrXp22, GENTLES_LEUKEMIC_STEM_CELL_DN, GOMF_CATALYTIC_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_RNA, GOMF_ATP_DEPENDENT_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_RNA, ZFP91_TARGET_GENES, MIR3658, MIR6074, MIR217_5P, MIR374B_3P

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (10): RNA helicase activity (GO:0003724), mRNA binding (GO:0003729), ATP binding (GO:0005524), ATP hydrolysis activity (GO:0016887), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676), RNA binding (GO:0003723), helicase activity (GO:0004386), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (4): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730), cytosol (GO:0005829), nucleus (GO:0005634)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
ATP-dependent activity	2
binding	2
nuclear lumen	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
helicase activity	1
ATP-dependent activity, acting on RNA	1
catalytic activity, acting on RNA	1
RNA binding	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
nucleic acid binding	1
nucleic acid conformation isomerase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a nucleic acid	1
catalytic activity	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2953 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
DDX53	CALR	P27797	821
DDX53	CD8A	P01732	763
DDX53	PTCHD1	Q96NR3	729
DDX53	CD274	Q9NZQ7	719
DDX53	CTAG1A	P78358	701
DDX53	DLGAP2	Q9P1A6	694
DDX53	PPP1R15A	O75807	691
DDX53	CTLA4	P16410	668
DDX53	CD4	P01730	667
DDX53	IFNG	P01579	667
DDX53	EMB	Q6PCB8	663
DDX53	PPP1CA	P08129	662
DDX53	CD47	Q08722	627
DDX53	SIRPA	P78324	623
DDX53	SHANK2	Q9UPX8	600

IntAct

4 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DDX43	DDX53	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.590
INSR	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (8): DDX53 (Co-fractionation), PPM1B (Co-fractionation), DDX53 (Affinity Capture-MS), EGFR (Affinity Capture-Western), DDX53 (Affinity Capture-Western), DDX53 (Affinity Capture-MS), DDX53 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), DDX53 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2VD92, A5D7C1, A5DIX5, A5E1N2, A6ZU15, O16102, O74393, P23394, P45818, P54823, Q07886, Q09775, Q0DBS1, Q0IHV9, Q0IIK5, Q10202, Q19614, Q4R7L5, Q55CP6, Q5NVJ8, Q5T1V6, Q5XH91, Q641Y8, Q6AZV7, Q6C024, Q6CDS6, Q6CKI1, Q6FM43, Q7FGZ2, Q84T03, Q86TM3, Q8GXD6, Q90WU3, Q91VN6, Q91VR5, Q92499, Q9C551, Q9DBN9, Q9DF35, Q9FLB0

Diamond homologs: A1C6C4, A1CQA9, A1D373, A1DGZ7, A2QC74, A2QQA8, A3LQ55, A3LQW7, A4QSS5, A4RN46, A5A6J2, A5DL80, A5DS77, A5E058, A6RGE3, A6RW79, A6SFW7, A6ZRX0, A7E449, A7ENE0, A7TTT5, G0SFM2, O22907, P0CQ76, P0CQ77, P17844, P19109, P24782, P24783, P46942, Q0D1K3, Q0DB53, Q0J7Y8, Q10MH8, Q1DHB2, Q1DP69, Q26696, Q2H720, Q2HAD8, Q2R1M8

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

126 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	3
Likely pathogenic	4
Uncertain significance	95
Likely benign	13
Benign	11

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (7)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
394402	GRCh37/hg19 Xp22.11(chrX:22960744-23019707)x1	Pathogenic
394403	GRCh37/hg19 Xp22.11(chrX:22960744-23019707)x0	Pathogenic
4277346	GRCh37/hg19 Xp22.11-21.1(chrX:22421082-32898332)x1	Pathogenic
145962	GRCh38/hg38 Xp22.11(chrX:22774924-23081201)x0	Likely pathogenic
395257	GRCh37/hg19 Xp22.11(chrX:23018417-23093129)x0	Likely pathogenic
4074370	NM_182699.4(DDX53):c.977G>A (p.Ser326Asn)	Likely pathogenic
4278579	NM_182699.4(DDX53):c.567_568insTGCAGGT (p.Glu190delinsCysArgTer)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

44 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:23000014:G:GG	donor_gain	0.8300
X:23000023:C:T	donor_gain	0.7500
X:23000017:T:G	donor_gain	0.7200
X:23000018:G:GG	donor_gain	0.6600
X:23000011:ACC:A	donor_gain	0.5700
X:23000012:CC:C	donor_gain	0.4800
X:23001399:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.4700
X:23000017:T:A	donor_gain	0.4600
X:23000013:C:G	donor_gain	0.4400
X:23000724:TTTA:T	donor_gain	0.4400
X:23000013:CG:C	donor_loss	0.4300
X:23000014:G:GT	donor_loss	0.4300
X:23000016:ATG:A	donor_loss	0.4300
X:23000017:T:TT	donor_loss	0.4300
X:23000081:G:GT	donor_gain	0.4300
X:23000018:G:A	donor_loss	0.4200
X:23000094:GC:G	donor_gain	0.4000
X:23000578:T:G	donor_gain	0.4000
X:23000009:CAACC:C	donor_gain	0.3900
X:23000010:AACC:A	donor_gain	0.3700
X:23000019:T:G	donor_loss	0.3500
X:22999980:A:AG	donor_gain	0.3300
X:23000011:ACCGT:A	donor_gain	0.3200
X:23000021:G:A	donor_gain	0.3200
X:23000176:G:T	donor_gain	0.3100
X:22999969:TGCAG:T	donor_gain	0.2800
X:23000020:AGGCG:A	donor_gain	0.2600
X:23000638:T:G	donor_gain	0.2600
X:22999981:C:G	donor_gain	0.2500
X:22999978:TG:T	donor_gain	0.2400

AlphaMissense

4192 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
X:23000814:T:A	W253R	0.967
X:23000814:T:C	W253R	0.967
X:23000805:T:C	S250P	0.883
X:23000736:T:C	F227L	0.878
X:23000738:T:A	F227L	0.878
X:23000738:T:G	F227L	0.878
X:23000842:T:C	L262P	0.878
X:23000302:T:C	I82T	0.873
X:23000811:G:C	A252P	0.872
X:23000341:T:C	I95T	0.870
X:23000370:G:C	A105P	0.865
X:23000959:T:A	V301D	0.862
X:23001435:T:C	F460L	0.852
X:23001437:C:A	F460L	0.852
X:23001437:C:G	F460L	0.852
X:23001474:T:C	F473L	0.851
X:23001476:T:A	F473L	0.851
X:23001476:T:G	F473L	0.851
X:23001109:C:A	A351E	0.849
X:23000343:T:C	F96L	0.842
X:23000345:T:A	F96L	0.842
X:23000345:T:G	F96L	0.842
X:23000648:A:C	R197S	0.842
X:23000648:A:T	R197S	0.842
X:23001178:T:A	V374D	0.835
X:23000335:T:A	V93D	0.824
X:23000816:G:C	W253C	0.815
X:23000816:G:T	W253C	0.815
X:23001259:G:C	R401P	0.815
X:23000840:T:A	D261E	0.805

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000673073 (X:22999729 C>T), RS1000745471 (X:23001826 A>C,G), RS1001025878 (X:22999924 C>T), RS1001602041 (X:22999712 C>T), RS1002491094 (X:22998143 CAG>C), RS1003026451 (X:23003357 G>T), RS1004776614 (X:22998248 TA>T,TAA,TAAA), RS1005067083 (X:23000751 G>A), RS1006073369 (X:22999098 C>T), RS1006102726 (X:22999704 A>C), RS1006827282 (X:23003814 G>A), RS1007391109 (X:22998322 T>G), RS1007828696 (X:22998598 G>T), RS1007835076 (X:23002199 A>T), RS1008075479 (X:23002523 G>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:301079 | disease phenotypes: MIM:300376, MIM:310200

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
autism spectrum disorder	Strong	X-linked
male infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutation	Limited	X-linked

Mondo (6): nephrotic syndrome (MONDO:0005377), primary ovarian failure (MONDO:0005387), Becker muscular dystrophy (MONDO:0010311), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (MONDO:0010679), autism spectrum disorder (MONDO:0005258), (MONDO:0018393)

Orphanet (3): Becker muscular dystrophy (Orphanet:98895), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Orphanet:98896), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Primary ovarian failure (Orphanet:619)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000824_18	Erectile dysfunction and prostate cancer treatment	3.000000e-06
GCST003479_11	Hair color	5.000000e-07

MeSH disease descriptors (4)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D020388	Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne	C05.651.534.500.300; C10.668.491.175.500.300; C16.320.322.562; C16.320.577.300
D009404	Nephrotic Syndrome	C12.050.351.968.419.630.643; C12.200.777.419.630.643; C12.950.419.630.643
D016649	Primary Ovarian Insufficiency	C12.050.351.500.056.630.750; C12.100.250.056.630.750; C19.391.630.750
C570377	Benign Pseudohypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs5925720	DDX53		0.00	0

CTD chemical–gene interactions

7 total (human), top 7 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
MT19c compound	decreases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Gemcitabine	affects response to substance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Carboplatin	affects response to substance	1
Antirheumatic Agents	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

597 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00391261	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT01028820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01337700	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Milnacipran in Autism and the Functional Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Model of Autism
NCT01695200	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT02096952	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Methylphenidate ER Liquid Formulation in Adults With ASD and ADHD
NCT02235467	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Multisite Study: Parental Training Using Video Modelling to Develop Social Skills in Children With Autism
NCT02940574	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Neural and Behavioral Effects of Oxytocin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03333629	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Promoting Positive Outcomes for Individuals With ASD: Linking Early Detection, Treatment, and Long-term Outcomes
NCT03337646	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Effect and Safety of Lisdexamfetamine in Children Aged 6-12 With ADHD and Autism
NCT03538431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Improving Driving in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03757585	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Natural Treatments for the Management of Emotional Dysregulation in Youth With Non-verbal Learning Disability (NVLD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT04903353	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pragmatic Trial Comparing Weight Gain in Children With Autism Taking Risperidone Versus Aripiprazole
NCT05063656	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Biomarker-Driven Pharmacological Treatment of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Gabapentin
NCT05146245	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Antipsychotics in Children 2: Studying TDM in an RCT
NCT05916339	PHASE4	RECRUITING	AWARE: Management of ADHD in Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT05954052	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06853665	PHASE4	RECRUITING	The TEAM Study - Treatment Efficacy for Autism/Attention Using Mixed Amphetamine
NCT07054697	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot-RCT With Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in the Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT07161804	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot RCT Using Homeopathic Medicines in ASD
NCT07439042	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Buspirone for Anxiety in Autistic Youth
NCT00308321	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Long Term Tapering or Standard Steroids for Nephrotic Syndrome
NCT01021540	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prospective Study Evaluating the Effect of Repository Corticotropin in the Treatment of Various Nephrotic Syndromes
NCT01028287	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Treatment of Nephrotic Range Proteinuria in Diabetic Nephropathy (NRDN)
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