DGLUCY

gene
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Also known as FLJ39975

Summary

DGLUCY (D-glutamate cyclase, HGNC:20498) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 14q32.11, encoding D-glutamate cyclase, mitochondrial (Q7Z3D6). D-glutamate cyclase that converts D-glutamate to 5-oxo-D-proline.

Predicted to enable D-glutamate cyclase activity. Predicted to be involved in glutamate metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion.

Source: NCBI Gene 80017 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 17
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 41 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001102368

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:20498
Approved symbolDGLUCY
NameD-glutamate cyclase
Location14q32.11
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesFLJ39975
Ensembl geneENSG00000133943
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM620716
Entrez80017

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 172 — 164 protein_coding, 4 nonsense_mediated_decay, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000256324, ENST00000298858, ENST00000412671, ENST00000428926, ENST00000517306, ENST00000517362, ENST00000517518, ENST00000517877, ENST00000518649, ENST00000518665, ENST00000518868, ENST00000518871, ENST00000519019, ENST00000519950, ENST00000519994, ENST00000520130, ENST00000520328, ENST00000521064, ENST00000521077, ENST00000521081, ENST00000521334, ENST00000522170, ENST00000522322, ENST00000522816, ENST00000522837, ENST00000523461, ENST00000523576, ENST00000523771, ENST00000523816, ENST00000523837, ENST00000523879, ENST00000523894, ENST00000524232, ENST00000525393, ENST00000557303, ENST00000887117, ENST00000887118, ENST00000887119, ENST00000887120, ENST00000887121, ENST00000887122, ENST00000887123, ENST00000887124, ENST00000887125, ENST00000887126, ENST00000887127, ENST00000887128, ENST00000887129, ENST00000887130, ENST00000887131, ENST00000887132, ENST00000887133, ENST00000887134, ENST00000887135, ENST00000887136, ENST00000887137, ENST00000887138, ENST00000887139, ENST00000887140, ENST00000887141, ENST00000887142, ENST00000887143, ENST00000887144, ENST00000887145, ENST00000887146, ENST00000887147, ENST00000887148, ENST00000887149, ENST00000887150, ENST00000887151, ENST00000887152, ENST00000887153, ENST00000887154, ENST00000887155, ENST00000887156, ENST00000887157, ENST00000887158, ENST00000887159, ENST00000887160, ENST00000887161, ENST00000887162, ENST00000940050, ENST00000940051, ENST00000940052, ENST00000940053, ENST00000940054, ENST00000947791, ENST00000947792, ENST00000947793, ENST00000947794, ENST00000947795, ENST00000947796, ENST00000947797, ENST00000947798, ENST00000947799, ENST00000947800, ENST00000947801, ENST00000947802, ENST00000947803, ENST00000947804, ENST00000947805, ENST00000947806, ENST00000947807, ENST00000947808, ENST00000947809, ENST00000947810, ENST00000947811, ENST00000947812, ENST00000947813, ENST00000947814, ENST00000947815, ENST00000947816, ENST00000947817, ENST00000947818, ENST00000947819, ENST00000947820, ENST00000947821, ENST00000947822, ENST00000947823, ENST00000947824, ENST00000947825, ENST00000947826, ENST00000947827, ENST00000947828, ENST00000947829, ENST00000947830, ENST00000947831, ENST00000947832, ENST00000947833, ENST00000947834, ENST00000947835, ENST00000947836, ENST00000947837, ENST00000947838, ENST00000947839, ENST00000947840, ENST00000947841, ENST00000947842, ENST00000947843, ENST00000947844, ENST00000947845, ENST00000947846, ENST00000947847, ENST00000947848, ENST00000947849, ENST00000947850, ENST00000947851, ENST00000947852, ENST00000947853, ENST00000947854, ENST00000947855, ENST00000947856, ENST00000947857, ENST00000947858, ENST00000947859, ENST00000947860, ENST00000947861, ENST00000947862, ENST00000947863, ENST00000947864, ENST00000947865, ENST00000947866, ENST00000947867, ENST00000947868, ENST00000947869, ENST00000947870, ENST00000947871, ENST00000947872, ENST00000947873, ENST00000947874, ENST00000947875, ENST00000947877

RefSeq mRNA: 12 — MANE Select: NM_001102368 NM_001102366, NM_001102367, NM_001102368, NM_001102369, NM_001286470, NM_001286471, NM_001286472, NM_001286473, NM_001358310, NM_001358311, NM_001358312, NM_024952

CCDS: CCDS32141, CCDS41979, CCDS45150, CCDS66693, CCDS73677

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000256324 — 14 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000011966199115763991157690
ENSE000032618869122468491225632
ENSE000034962829118891091189170
ENSE000035441609116026691160397
ENSE000035667859117593491176056
ENSE000036000509120470691204825
ENSE000036489189118118691181389
ENSE000036675669119975791199905
ENSE000036857559121540591215556
ENSE000037843229116722591167378
ENSE000037852669117328991173439
ENSE000037872449119637591196474
ENSE000037903519117000391170201
ENSE000039067979111407391114283

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 292 present calls, max score 98.42.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 30.6277 / max 343.3181, expressed in 1796 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (13 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
14104817.42901678
1410504.13711391
1410452.5922967
1410531.3481589
1410491.2708631
1410540.9992386
1410460.8820483
1410510.6044396
1410550.407382
1410520.3971218

Top tissues by expression

294 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
apex of heartUBERON:000209898.42gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208497.28gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663197.24gold quality
cardiac ventricleUBERON:000208297.21gold quality
cardiac atriumUBERON:000208196.89gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425296.84gold quality
triceps brachiiUBERON:000150996.12gold quality
heartUBERON:000094895.92gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138895.83gold quality
body of tongueUBERON:001187695.78gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138395.74gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116195.66gold quality
fundus of stomachUBERON:000116095.62gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009495.51gold quality
muscle organUBERON:000163095.50gold quality
skeletal muscle organUBERON:001489295.49gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105295.28gold quality
skeletal muscle tissueUBERON:000113495.24gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583395.21gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347395.20gold quality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130295.12gold quality
stomachUBERON:000094595.04gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489095.03gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propriaUBERON:003584195.02gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115794.99gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017894.94gold quality
biceps brachiiUBERON:000150794.90gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039794.79gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582794.76gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548894.73gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

20 targeting DGLUCY, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6870-5P99.9968.552115
HSA-MIR-569699.9872.364487
HSA-MIR-4723-5P99.9768.702034
HSA-MIR-569899.9768.492029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P99.9768.482062
HSA-MIR-6825-5P99.9669.813431
HSA-MIR-335-3P99.9373.364958
HSA-MIR-5582-3P99.8672.484221
HSA-MIR-548AR-3P99.8571.263889
HSA-MIR-548AU-3P99.7068.221373
HSA-MIR-7156-5P99.6468.811369
HSA-MIR-6716-5P99.5668.621244
HSA-MIR-66199.0965.942062
HSA-MIR-7153-3P99.0065.35608
HSA-MIR-5007-5P97.9564.71614
HSA-MIR-429497.8665.721110
HSA-MIR-92497.7866.21681
HSA-MIR-4671-5P97.1065.7093
HSA-MIR-2355-3P96.8468.54909
HSA-MIR-365796.3366.29608

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriodglucyENSDARG00000005179
mus_musculusDglucyENSMUSG00000021185
rattus_norvegicusDglucyENSRNOG00000004442

Protein

Protein identifiers

D-glutamate cyclase, mitochondrialQ7Z3D6 (reviewed: Q7Z3D6)

All UniProt accessions (19): A0A0C4DGD4, A0A0C4DGD8, Q7Z3D6, E5RFT5, E5RFZ6, E5RGN8, E5RGP9, E5RHG2, E5RIL4, E5RIU5, E5RJ62, E5RJ87, E5RJD1, E5RJL7, E5RK14, E5RK56, H0YB09, H0YB11, H0YB62

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. D-glutamate cyclase that converts D-glutamate to 5-oxo-D-proline.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion matrix.

Miscellaneous. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Similarity. Belongs to the D-glutamate cyclase family.

Isoforms (6)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q7Z3D6-11yes
Q7Z3D6-22
Q7Z3D6-33
Q7Z3D6-44
Q7Z3D6-55
Q7Z3D6-66

RefSeq proteins (12): NP_001095836, NP_001095837, NP_001095838, NP_001095839, NP_001273399, NP_001273400, NP_001273401, NP_001273402, NP_001345239, NP_001345240, NP_001345241, NP_079228 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR009906D-Glu_cyclaseDomain
IPR017135D-Glu_cyclase_mitoFamily
IPR025504GLUCM_CDomain
IPR038021Putative_hydro-lyaseHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF07286, PF14336

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

  • D-glutamate = 5-oxo-D-proline + H2O (RHEA:22360)

UniProt features (21 total): splice variant 7, sequence variant 6, sequence conflict 6, transit peptide 1, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q7Z3D6-F186.540.68

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 169 (showing top): GOBP_ALPHA_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_GLUTAMATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, LINDGREN_BLADDER_CANCER_CLUSTER_3_DN, GOBP_GLUTAMINE_FAMILY_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_DICARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOMF_HYDRO_LYASE_ACTIVITY, CTGYNNCTYTAA_UNKNOWN, chr14q32, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_MATRIX, MIKKELSEN_ES_ICP_WITH_H3K4ME3, MIKKELSEN_NPC_ICP_WITH_H3K4ME3, LINDGREN_BLADDER_CANCER_CLUSTER_1_UP, CAMP_UP.V1_UP, ARID5B_TARGET_GENES

GO Biological Process (1): glutamate metabolic process (GO:0006536)

GO Molecular Function (3): D-glutamate cyclase activity (GO:0047820), protein binding (GO:0005515), lyase activity (GO:0016829)

GO Cellular Component (2): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
amino acid metabolic process1
dicarboxylic acid metabolic process1
cyclase activity1
hydro-lyase activity1
binding1
catalytic activity1
cytoplasm1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
mitochondrion1
intracellular organelle lumen1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

482 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
DGLUCYNSFL1CQ9UNZ2492
DGLUCYSTARD4Q96DR4469
DGLUCYEPB42P16452459
DGLUCYC8orf82Q6P1X6448
DGLUCYC15orf40Q8WUR7447
DGLUCYMKNK2Q9HBH9429
DGLUCYJAM3Q9BX67410
DGLUCYA0A0U1RQV1A0A0U1RQV1400
DGLUCYIRAK2O43187394
DGLUCYADHFE1Q8IWW8382
DGLUCYLRRN4CLQ8ND94379
DGLUCYZNF780AO75290377
DGLUCYC2orf69Q8N8R5370
DGLUCYC5orf63A6NC05370
DGLUCYGCDHQ92947366

IntAct

24 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
PSMA3DGLUCYpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
DGLUCYPSMA3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
DGLUCYBOLA3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NME4NRDCpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DGLUCYSLC25A6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NDUFAF8ALDH1L1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PAK5HTRA2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DGLUCYMSRB2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NDUFAF8NDUFAB1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DENND11psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NUDT19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
GPR182SLC12A8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
YARS2VWA8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FAHD1VWA8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
GPR45VWA8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NIPSNAP3ANUDT19psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
P2RY8BTAF1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NIPSNAP3BCLUHpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FECHGTPBP10psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
DGLUCYpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
LCORDGLUCYpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (24): C14orf159 (Two-hybrid), C14orf159 (Affinity Capture-MS), MSRB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), BOLA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), C14orf159 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC25A6 (Affinity Capture-MS), C14orf159 (Affinity Capture-MS), C14orf159 (Positive Genetic), C14orf159 (Affinity Capture-MS), C14orf159 (Affinity Capture-MS), C14orf159 (Affinity Capture-RNA), C14orf159 (Affinity Capture-MS), C14orf159 (Affinity Capture-MS), C14orf159 (Affinity Capture-MS), C14orf159 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1S4BZI5, A0A1S4CB73, B0F481, D2HRF1, F4I933, F4IY62, F4JKB6, F4JVN6, O23324, O23553, O80585, O82043, O82768, P10349, P30706, P36428, P42898, Q01292, Q05758, Q0J6P7, Q10S55, Q2QTL0, Q39639, Q42713, Q43307, Q43822, Q43870, Q5I598, Q5U2Z5, Q60HE5, Q66GI4, Q75HE6, Q7Z3D6, Q80YD1, Q8BH86, Q8H0W0, Q8K224, Q8RWG3, Q8VYL1, Q944I4

Diamond homologs: A0AY13, A0K0Y1, A0LNR4, A0ZZH5, A1AYU1, A1SCV3, A1TSX9, A1WS32, A3M452, A4FA00, A4JL57, A4QGU3, A4T1E2, A4VN63, A4YR32, A5EFR6, A6LX31, A6TSF6, A6V669, A6W5D4, A7IFF8, A7Z1F3, A8FA09, A8HRQ8, A8LLX6, A8LPN3, A9AQ22, A9BMR1, A9H2B4, A9ILF0, B0K189, B0K9K2, B0UBJ1, B0VAY4, B0VRR2, B1K6C3, B1KND9, B1LSM6, B1VIF7, B1YZG1

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

41 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance18
Likely benign0
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

3409 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
14:91160264:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91160265:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91160394:GGAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
14:91160395:GAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
14:91160395:GAGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
14:91160396:AGGTA:Adonor_loss1.0000
14:91160397:GGTA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
14:91160398:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
14:91160398:GTA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
14:91160399:T:Adonor_loss1.0000
14:91188908:AG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91188909:GG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91189166:GCAAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
14:91189169:AGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
14:91189171:GTAA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
14:91189172:T:Adonor_loss1.0000
14:91196373:A:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91196473:AGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
14:91196475:G:Adonor_loss1.0000
14:91199751:C:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91199752:GGCA:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
14:91199753:GCAG:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
14:91199755:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91199755:A:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
14:91199756:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91199756:GA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91199756:GAT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91199756:GATT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91199756:GATTT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
14:91199901:AACTG:Adonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000001054 (14:91071041 T>C), RS1000026482 (14:91159046 G>A), RS1000045287 (14:91118678 A>G), RS1000049388 (14:91078428 T>C,G), RS1000103424 (14:91072354 A>G), RS1000132106 (14:91133469 C>G,T), RS1000147028 (14:91182367 A>G), RS1000165267 (14:91191295 A>G), RS1000171131 (14:91213016 A>T), RS1000179691 (14:91178473 A>G), RS1000198328 (14:91193894 C>A,T), RS1000229544 (14:91218252 A>C,T), RS1000230719 (14:91094098 C>T), RS1000288088 (14:91093876 G>C,T), RS1000288261 (14:91143244 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:620716 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

17 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST003818_68Resting heart rate5.000000e-09
GCST004097_2Response to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer7.000000e-06
GCST005956_47Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI7.000000e-07
GCST005962_28Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI x sex x age interaction (4df test)7.000000e-07
GCST009733_10Urinary metabolite levels in chronic kidney disease2.000000e-37
GCST90013663_46Alanine aminotransferase levels1.000000e-09
GCST90013664_22Aspartate aminotransferase levels2.000000e-08
GCST90020024_475A body shape index2.000000e-13
GCST90020024_476A body shape index1.000000e-09
GCST90020025_432Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI4.000000e-22
GCST90020025_433Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI7.000000e-12
GCST90020025_434Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI3.000000e-08
GCST90020027_612Waist-hip index4.000000e-08
GCST90020027_685Waist-hip index9.000000e-23
GCST90020027_686Waist-hip index3.000000e-12
GCST90020029_276Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index4.000000e-13
GCST90020029_277Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index4.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (7, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0007943response to platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy
EFO:0007788BMI-adjusted waist-hip ratio
EFO:0008007age at assessment
EFO:0008343sex interaction measurement
EFO:0005116urinary metabolite measurement
EFO:0004736aspartate aminotransferase measurement
EFO:0007789BMI-adjusted waist circumference

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

40 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects expression, decreases expression, increases expression3
bisphenol Aincreases expression, decreases methylation2
methacrylaldehydeaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases oxidation, increases abundance2
perfluorooctane sulfonic aciddecreases expression, increases expression2
Acetaminophendecreases expression2
Acroleinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases oxidation, increases abundance2
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, decreases expression, decreases methylation, increases methylation2
Ozoneincreases abundance, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases oxidation2
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression2
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases oxidation, increases abundance1
beta-lapachonedecreases expression1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphatedecreases expression1
perfluorooctanoic aciddecreases expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic aciddecreases expression1
2-palmitoylglycerolincreases expression1
perfluorohexanesulfonic aciddecreases expression1
ICG 001increases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
jinfukangaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acidincreases expression1
Air Pollutantsincreases abundance, increases oxidation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Carbamazepineaffects expression1
Cisplatinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Gallic Aciddecreases expression1
Naledaffects expression1
Thiramdecreases expression1
Tretinoindecreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

4 cell lines: 4 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_SG03HAP1 C14orf159 (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_XM17HAP1 C14orf159 (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_XM18HAP1 C14orf159 (-) 3Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_XM19HAP1 C14orf159 (-) 4Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.