DMKN

Summary

DMKN (dermokine, HGNC:25063) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.12, encoding Dermokine (Q6E0U4). May act as a soluble regulator of keratinocyte differentiation.

This gene is upregulated in inflammatory diseases, and it was first observed as expressed in the differentiated layers of skin. The most interesting aspect of this gene is the differential use of promoters and terminators to generate isoforms with unique cellular distributions and domain components. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 93099 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 40 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_033317

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25063
Approved symbol	DMKN
Name	dermokine
Location	19q13.12
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	ZD52F10
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000161249
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	617211
Entrez	93099

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 70 — 29 protein_coding, 20 nonsense_mediated_decay, 17 retained_intron, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000339686, ENST00000392206, ENST00000402589, ENST00000408915, ENST00000414866, ENST00000418261, ENST00000419602, ENST00000424570, ENST00000429837, ENST00000434389, ENST00000436012, ENST00000443640, ENST00000447113, ENST00000450261, ENST00000451297, ENST00000458071, ENST00000460051, ENST00000460327, ENST00000461300, ENST00000462126, ENST00000462538, ENST00000462721, ENST00000463292, ENST00000464709, ENST00000464894, ENST00000465927, ENST00000466587, ENST00000467532, ENST00000467637, ENST00000469960, ENST00000470746, ENST00000470857, ENST00000470964, ENST00000471017, ENST00000471786, ENST00000472065, ENST00000472252, ENST00000472365, ENST00000474928, ENST00000474992, ENST00000476051, ENST00000476246, ENST00000478648, ENST00000480502, ENST00000480507, ENST00000482321, ENST00000483855, ENST00000484064, ENST00000486450, ENST00000486756, ENST00000488542, ENST00000488762, ENST00000488892, ENST00000489395, ENST00000490622, ENST00000492341, ENST00000493517, ENST00000493979, ENST00000498211, ENST00000498269, ENST00000498593, ENST00000593342, ENST00000595571, ENST00000597212, ENST00000601368, ENST00000601650, ENST00000602679, ENST00000602781, ENST00000875014, ENST00000933306

RefSeq mRNA: 16 — MANE Select: NM_033317 NM_001035516, NM_001126056, NM_001126057, NM_001126058, NM_001126059, NM_001190347, NM_001190348, NM_001190349, NM_001308380, NM_001308383, NM_001352328, NM_001352329, NM_001352330, NM_001352331, NM_001352332, NM_033317

CCDS: CCDS12463, CCDS42549, CCDS46051, CCDS46052, CCDS46053, CCDS46054, CCDS54250, CCDS54251, CCDS54252, CCDS77278, CCDS77279, CCDS86745, CCDS86746, CCDS86747

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000339686 — 16 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001335243	35511411	35511593
ENSE00001335246	35511763	35511813
ENSE00001335248	35512421	35512477
ENSE00001335251	35512590	35512790
ENSE00001800459	35497220	35497538
ENSE00001841631	35513050	35513649
ENSE00003586457	35509911	35509961
ENSE00003616984	35505939	35505986
ENSE00003625285	35510184	35510252
ENSE00003694860	35502136	35502183
ENSE00003696291	35499958	35500029
ENSE00003698363	35498874	35498897
ENSE00003698986	35500533	35500580
ENSE00003699523	35505718	35505765
ENSE00003701374	35498716	35498763
ENSE00003702424	35502830	35502886

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 208 present calls, max score 99.94.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 51.2217 / max 5629.2164, expressed in 1141 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
180527	31.7189	822
180524	8.7776	229
180530	3.7420	329
180528	2.4786	689
180531	1.9767	401
180526	1.4288	514
180529	0.8168	496
180525	0.2824	182

Top tissues by expression

250 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	99.94	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	99.85	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	99.78	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	99.71	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	99.70	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	99.57	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	99.54	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	99.47	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	99.44	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	99.41	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	99.39	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	99.13	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	99.05	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	98.67	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	98.65	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	98.44	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	98.28	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	98.13	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	98.04	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	98.02	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	97.57	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	97.30	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	96.91	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	96.23	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	96.13	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	96.13	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	95.94	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	95.75	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	95.52	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	95.19	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 13 experiment(s), a significant marker in 11.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8142	yes	6846.88
E-HCAD-11	yes	1791.81
E-MTAB-8271	yes	291.86
E-MTAB-7249	yes	226.11
E-MTAB-8205	yes	211.68
E-MTAB-11121	yes	185.44
E-MTAB-10287	yes	52.17
E-HCAD-10	yes	27.48
E-HCAD-1	yes	25.74
E-MTAB-6701	yes	22.11
E-MTAB-10596	no	1548.15
E-CURD-53	no	364.05
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CTCF

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

25 targeting DMKN, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-216A-3P	99.95	71.19	2505
HSA-MIR-128-3P	99.95	71.17	2484
HSA-MIR-4496	99.88	68.89	2236
HSA-MIR-3681-3P	99.88	70.46	2254
HSA-MIR-3919	99.87	69.45	2489
HSA-MIR-7978	99.86	66.90	856
HSA-MIR-1321	99.84	65.30	1811
HSA-MIR-4739	99.84	65.25	1832
HSA-MIR-4756-5P	99.84	64.98	1809
HSA-MIR-4261	99.59	70.30	3415
HSA-MIR-12122	99.56	69.33	1672
HSA-MIR-5584-5P	99.49	68.22	2814
HSA-MIR-147B-5P	99.45	70.62	2432
HSA-MIR-888-5P	99.30	70.15	1855
HSA-MIR-4254	99.11	65.15	1315
HSA-MIR-876-3P	98.76	68.23	945
HSA-MIR-4501	98.72	67.19	921
HSA-MIR-11399	98.71	65.69	869
HSA-MIR-138-5P	98.43	70.49	1292
HSA-MIR-6773-3P	98.17	65.51	1213
HSA-MIR-3135A	96.41	65.30	494
HSA-MIR-6727-5P	92.41	61.98	83

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• Analysis of alternative spliced transcripts produced from the dermokine gene. (PMID:16374476)
• Dermokine gene is expressed in epithelial tissues other than the skin and this expression is transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally complex. (PMID:17380110)
• Dmkndelta activates Rab5 function and thus is involved in the early endosomal trafficking. (PMID:21423773)
• Dermokine-beta impairs ERK signaling through direct binding to GRP78 (PMID:22735594)
• Serum DK is a potential biomarker in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and invasive ductal carcinoma, when used in combination with conventional biomarkers. (PMID:23060565)
• These results suggest that dermokine-beta delays early cutaneous wound healing in part by inhibiting expression of CXC chemokines containing the ERL-sequence motif. (PMID:23428944)
• we showed that DMKN loss of function in Patu-8988 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines resulted in reduced phosphorylation of STAT3.these data suggested that DMKN could be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. (PMID:28795470)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Dmkn	ENSMUSG00000060962
rattus_norvegicus	Dmkn	ENSRNOG00000055934

Protein

Protein identifiers

Dermokine — Q6E0U4 (reviewed: Q6E0U4)

Alternative names: Epidermis-specific secreted protein SK30/SK89

All UniProt accessions (19): A3EZ84, C9IYI1, C9J186, C9J3V3, C9JCN1, Q6E0U4, E7EMS7, E9PAQ7, H7BZ95, M0QZU6, M0R0A5, M0R0W2, M0R1M0, M0R265, M0R3F8, R4GMQ0, S4R2X7, S4R3L7, S4R427

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May act as a soluble regulator of keratinocyte differentiation.

Subunit / interactions. Homooligomer. Seems to be able to homodimerize and homotrimerize.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in epidermis; in the spinous and granular layers and in placenta. Also found in the epithelia of the small intestine, macrophages of the lung and endothelial cells of the lung. Isoform 15 is expressed in epidermis and placenta. Isoform 1 is expressed in epidermis.

Post-translational modifications. O-glycosylated.

Similarity. Belongs to the dermokine family.

Isoforms (16)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q6E0U4-1	1, Dermokine beta	yes
Q6E0U4-2	2, Dermokine beta-2
Q6E0U4-3	3, Dermokine-gamma 1, Dermokine gamma-2
Q6E0U4-4	4, Dermokine beta-1
Q6E0U4-5	5, Dermokine gamma-2
Q6E0U4-6	6
Q6E0U4-7	7, Dermokine gamma-1
Q6E0U4-8	8, Dermokine delta
Q6E0U4-9	9, Dermokine-delta-4
Q6E0U4-10	10, Dermokine-delta-1
Q6E0U4-11	11, Dermokine-delta-3
Q6E0U4-12	12, Dermokine-delta-2
Q6E0U4-13	13, Dermokine-delta-6
Q6E0U4-14	14, Dermokine-delta-5
Q6E0U4-15	15, Dermokine-alpha
Q6E0U4-16	16

RefSeq proteins (16): NP_001030593, NP_001119528, NP_001119529, NP_001119530, NP_001119531, NP_001177276, NP_001177277, NP_001177278, NP_001295309, NP_001295312, NP_001339257, NP_001339258, NP_001339259, NP_001339260, NP_001339261, NP_201574* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR033541	Dermokine	Family

UniProt features (46 total): splice variant 21, sequence conflict 8, sequence variant 7, compositionally biased region 6, signal peptide 1, chain 1, region of interest 1, strand 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
4F20	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q6E0U4-F1	42.31	0.00

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9725554	Differentiation of Keratinocytes in Interfollicular Epidermis in Mammalian Skin

MSigDB gene sets: 103 (showing top): GOBP_MEMBRANE_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_PLASMA_MEMBRANE_ORGANIZATION, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, CHANG_IMMORTALIZED_BY_HPV31_DN, CREIGHTON_ENDOCRINE_THERAPY_RESISTANCE_1, SENGUPTA_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, CHARAFE_BREAST_CANCER_BASAL_VS_MESENCHYMAL_UP, LIAO_METASTASIS, TGANTCA_AP1_C, GOBP_ENDOMEMBRANE_SYSTEM_ORGANIZATION, FUJII_YBX1_TARGETS_DN, AIGNER_ZEB1_TARGETS, GOBP_MEMBRANE_ORGANIZATION, ACEVEDO_METHYLATED_IN_LIVER_CANCER_DN, SENESE_HDAC3_TARGETS_DN

GO Biological Process (1): cornified envelope assembly (GO:1903575)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), extracellular region (GO:0005576)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Developmental Cell Lineages of the Integumentary System	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity	1
plasma membrane organization	1
membrane assembly	1
binding	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

844 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
DMKN	SBSN	Q6UWP8	683
DMKN	KRTDAP	P60985	620
DMKN	CDSN	Q15517	422
DMKN	MYH14	Q7Z406	418
DMKN	KRT5	P13647	417
DMKN	TCF20	Q9UGU0	378
DMKN	KRT1	P04264	376
DMKN	PMS2P11	Q13670	334
DMKN	IFFO2	Q5TF58	324
DMKN	PRELID2	Q8N945	317
DMKN	FBXW12	Q6X9E4	312
DMKN	KRT10	P13645	305
DMKN	KLK8	O60259	305
DMKN	CNFN	Q9BYD5	302
DMKN	GPR15LG	Q6UWK7	299

IntAct

38 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CCNC	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
DMKN	HSPA5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
HSPA5	DMKN	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.600
DMKN	UBQLN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
DMKN	UBQLN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SGTA	DMKN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
DMKN	SGTB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
BAG6	DMKN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GAD2	DMKN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ZSCAN12	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DMKN	GOT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
FOXD4	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
P		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ARAF		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FCF1	SULT2B1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SSUH2	IGLC7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
C18orf21	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZDHHC19	QSOX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ATP6AP2	KLK10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BCL2L11	CTSV	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GPM6A	SERPINA1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
S1PR4	ECD	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SMPD2	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GATA2	C11orf98	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DMKN	UBQLN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
DMKN	UBQLN2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
BAG6	DMKN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (27): DMKN (Affinity Capture-MS), DMKN (Affinity Capture-MS), DMKN (Affinity Capture-MS), DMKN (Affinity Capture-MS), DMKN (Affinity Capture-MS), DMKN (Affinity Capture-MS), DMKN (Affinity Capture-MS), DMKN (Two-hybrid), DMKN (Two-hybrid), DMKN (Two-hybrid), UBQLN2 (Two-hybrid), SGTB (Two-hybrid), BAG6 (Two-hybrid), DMKN (Affinity Capture-RNA), DMKN (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0J9YXV3, A0A172M4N0, A2VE23, A5PL33, C7EMF5, E7EW31, F1NSM7, I3L273, O15027, O48582, O55189, O55196, O97939, P0C671, P0DV77, P14138, Q14D33, Q1XI13, Q28989, Q3B7M4, Q4R729, Q5R7U0, Q5SWP3, Q62840, Q63003, Q6E0U4, Q6H236, Q6NUN9, Q6UXA7, Q7Z2K8, Q86UU5, Q8BM15, Q8K4E0, Q8K4L6, Q8N1P7, Q8N3D4, Q96D09, Q96JG9, Q9BGL9, Q9D7G9

Diamond homologs: A2VE23, Q6E0U4, Q6P253

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 33 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
ERAD pathway	5	31.2×	7e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

40 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	3
Likely benign	5
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

0 predictions. Top by Δscore:

AlphaMissense

3092 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:35505733:C:A	W373C	0.986
19:35505733:C:G	W373C	0.986
19:35502151:C:A	W408C	0.983
19:35502151:C:G	W408C	0.983
19:35502175:T:A	K400N	0.983
19:35502175:T:G	K400N	0.983
19:35505742:G:C	F370L	0.982
19:35505742:G:T	F370L	0.982
19:35505744:A:G	F370L	0.982
19:35502153:A:G	W408R	0.972
19:35502153:A:T	W408R	0.972
19:35505735:A:G	W373R	0.971
19:35505735:A:T	W373R	0.971
19:35502833:C:A	W396C	0.967
19:35502833:C:G	W396C	0.967
19:35505757:T:A	K365N	0.963
19:35505757:T:G	K365N	0.963
19:35502160:G:C	F405L	0.961
19:35502160:G:T	F405L	0.961
19:35502162:A:G	F405L	0.961
19:35502179:A:G	F399S	0.955
19:35505942:C:A	W361C	0.953
19:35505942:C:G	W361C	0.953
19:35502178:G:C	F399L	0.951
19:35502178:G:T	F399L	0.951
19:35502180:A:G	F399L	0.951
19:35498731:C:A	W472C	0.946
19:35498731:C:G	W472C	0.946
19:35502835:A:G	W396R	0.946
19:35502835:A:T	W396R	0.946

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000069130 (19:35508695 C>G,T), RS1000884190 (19:35509538 C>T), RS1000953684 (19:35515197 C>A), RS1001015825 (19:35503766 G>A), RS1001080972 (19:35509818 G>A,C,T), RS1001129286 (19:35503445 G>A), RS1001511839 (19:35505787 G>A,T), RS1001742072 (19:35511319 C>G,T), RS1001963534 (19:35500709 G>A), RS1002215971 (19:35514643 A>G), RS1002456544 (19:35514810 C>G,T), RS1002763014 (19:35515224 T>C), RS1002887187 (19:35512088 C>T), RS1002896120 (19:35499855 C>T), RS1003086890 (19:35512268 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:617211 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST008161_4	Waist circumference adjusted for body mass index	6.000000e-07
GCST008764_6	Perceived intensity of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone	8.000000e-06
GCST009302_16	Antipsychotic drug-induced weight gain in schizophrenia	6.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007789	BMI-adjusted waist circumference
EFO:0004567	antipsychotic drug related weight gain

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

58 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, decreases methylation, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	4
Valproic Acid	affects expression, decreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation	4
Resveratrol	increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases methylation, increases expression	2
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	2
Arsenic	increases abundance, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Dexamethasone	increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	2
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
sotorasib	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
pirinixic acid	increases expression, affects binding, increases activity	1
sodium arsenate	increases abundance, decreases expression	1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression, increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
cupric chloride	decreases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
chromium hexavalent ion	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.