DUSP8

gene
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Also known as HVH-5HB5FLJ42958

Summary

DUSP8 (dual specificity phosphatase 8, HGNC:3074) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11p15.5, encoding Dual specificity protein phosphatase 8 (Q13202). Has phosphatase activity with synthetic phosphatase substrates and negatively regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, presumably by catalysing their dephosphorylation.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. This gene product inactivates SAPK/JNK and p38, is expressed predominantly in the adult brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, is localized in the cytoplasm, and is induced by nerve growth factor and insulin. An intronless pseudogene for DUSP8 is present on chromosome 10q11.2.

Source: NCBI Gene 1850 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): hereditary gingival fibromatosis (Limited, GenCC)
  • GWAS associations: 3
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 107 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_004420

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:3074
Approved symbolDUSP8
Namedual specificity phosphatase 8
Location11p15.5
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesHVH-5, HB5, FLJ42958
Ensembl geneENSG00000184545
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM602038
Entrez1850

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 7 — 6 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000331588, ENST00000397374, ENST00000528778, ENST00000892337, ENST00000951652, ENST00000951653, ENST00000951654

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_004420 NM_004420

CCDS: CCDS7724

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000397374 — 7 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE0000130194015540511557574
ENSE0000132680915638511563989
ENSE0000152845015655961565934
ENSE0000152845215719011572271
ENSE0000355115615577941557917
ENSE0000361244715581121558271
ENSE0000365371815588891559055

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 132 present calls, max score 94.35.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 10.9790 / max 291.5094, expressed in 1407 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (9 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1179818.06101317
1179801.7226729
1179790.2677124
1179780.2582114
1179760.2036123
1179730.178286
1179750.128474
1179770.114656
1179740.044715

Top tissues by expression

132 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119994.35gold quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266194.35gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243694.09gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489093.74gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203793.08gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212993.01gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224592.98gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281092.47gold quality
frontal cortexUBERON:000187092.31gold quality
prefrontal cortexUBERON:000045192.19gold quality
nucleus accumbensUBERON:000188291.82gold quality
putamenUBERON:000187491.80gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983591.64gold quality
cerebral cortexUBERON:000095691.59gold quality
temporal lobeUBERON:000187191.58gold quality
cortical plateUBERON:000534391.58gold quality
amygdalaUBERON:000187691.49gold quality
Ammon’s hornUBERON:000195491.07gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983490.97gold quality
caudate nucleusUBERON:000187390.71gold quality
brainUBERON:000095590.67gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354090.06gold quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219689.71gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225089.22gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761089.18gold quality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000788.39gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425287.56gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209887.50gold quality
hypothalamusUBERON:000189887.14gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402386.49gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3no0.50

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): MYCN

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

175 targeting DUSP8, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5692A100.0074.406850
HSA-MIR-5011-5P100.0083.465820
HSA-MIR-5692B100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-5692C100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-3924100.0072.092394
HSA-MIR-6758-5P100.0066.211470
HSA-MIR-190A-3P100.0080.355520
HSA-MIR-1277-5P100.0073.955056
HSA-MIR-6856-5P100.0065.471298
HSA-MIR-6748-5P100.0065.811057
HSA-MIR-4481100.0066.421669
HSA-MIR-4283100.0066.422097
HSA-MIR-548C-3P99.9974.017587
HSA-MIR-6870-5P99.9968.552115
HSA-MIR-1213699.9872.815713
HSA-MIR-4715-3P99.9866.03670
HSA-MIR-4745-5P99.9865.951028
HSA-MIR-4723-5P99.9768.702034
HSA-MIR-569899.9768.492029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P99.9768.482062
HSA-MIR-548AA99.9670.643753
HSA-MIR-548AP-3P99.9670.643753
HSA-MIR-548T-3P99.9670.643753
HSA-MIR-6845-3P99.9466.881439
HSA-MIR-3682-5P99.9367.971163
HSA-MIR-515-5P99.9269.822343
HSA-MIR-519E-5P99.9269.622358
HSA-MIR-374A-5P99.9071.342923
HSA-MIR-374B-5P99.9069.982734
HSA-MIR-106A-5P99.9073.942683

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

  • DUSP8 is genetically linked to alcohol dependence and was found on chromosome 11p15.5 (PMID:13129832)
  • Because this variant of hVH-5 lacked intronic sequences in its genomic structure, we suggest it might be a processed pseudogene of hVH-5. (PMID:15899389)
  • The phosphorylation of the M3/6 phosphatase by JNK in response to stress stimuli results in attenuation of phosphatase activity and acceleration of JNK activation. (PMID:22100391)
  • Diabetes type 2 risk gene Dusp8 is associated with altered sucrose reward behavior in mice and humans. (PMID:33131190)
  • Dual-specificity phosphatase 8 (DUSP8) induces drug resistance in breast cancer by regulating MAPK pathways. (PMID:35428675)
  • DUSP8 induces TGF-beta-stimulated IL-9 transcription and Th9-mediated allergic inflammation by promoting nuclear export of Pur-alpha. (PMID:37909329)
  • miR-147b mediated suppression of DUSP8 promotes lung cancer progression. (PMID:38396293)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriodusp8aENSDARG00000009299
mus_musculusDusp8ENSMUSG00000037887
rattus_norvegicusDusp8ENSRNOG00000029394

Paralogs (31): DUSP13B (ENSG00000079393), DUSP12 (ENSG00000081721), SSH1 (ENSG00000084112), DUSP3 (ENSG00000108861), PTPMT1 (ENSG00000110536), DUSP16 (ENSG00000111266), EPM2A (ENSG00000112425), DUSP22 (ENSG00000112679), DUSP1 (ENSG00000120129), DUSP4 (ENSG00000120875), STYXL1 (ENSG00000127952), DUSP9 (ENSG00000130829), DUSP26 (ENSG00000133878), DUSP5 (ENSG00000138166), DUSP6 (ENSG00000139318), SSH2 (ENSG00000141298), DUSP10 (ENSG00000143507), DUSP15 (ENSG00000149599), DUSP2 (ENSG00000158050), KASH5 (ENSG00000161609), DUSP19 (ENSG00000162999), DUSP7 (ENSG00000164086), DUSP18 (ENSG00000167065), SSH3 (ENSG00000172830), DUSP28 (ENSG00000188542), DUSP29 (ENSG00000188716), DUSP21 (ENSG00000189037), STYX (ENSG00000198252), STYXL2 (ENSG00000198842), DUSP14 (ENSG00000276023), DUSP13A (ENSG00000293543)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Dual specificity protein phosphatase 8Q13202 (reviewed: Q13202)

Alternative names: Dual specificity protein phosphatase hVH-5

All UniProt accessions (1): Q13202

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Has phosphatase activity with synthetic phosphatase substrates and negatively regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, presumably by catalysing their dephosphorylation. Expected to display protein phosphatase activity toward phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Abundant in brain, heart and skeletal muscle.

Similarity. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non-receptor class dual specificity subfamily.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_004411* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000340Dual-sp_phosphatase_cat-domDomain
IPR000387Tyr_Pase_domDomain
IPR001763Rhodanese-like_domDomain
IPR008343MKPFamily
IPR016130Tyr_Pase_ASActive_site
IPR020422TYR_PHOSPHATASE_DUAL_domDomain
IPR029021Prot-tyrosine_phosphatase-likeHomologous_superfamily
IPR036873Rhodanese-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR048035DUSP8_DSPDomain

Pfam: PF00581, PF00782

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 3 shown:

  • O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein] + H2O = L-tyrosyl-[protein] + phosphate (RHEA:10684)
  • O-phospho-L-seryl-[protein] + H2O = L-seryl-[protein] + phosphate (RHEA:20629)
  • O-phospho-L-threonyl-[protein] + H2O = L-threonyl-[protein] + phosphate (RHEA:47004)

UniProt features (25 total): strand 8, helix 8, compositionally biased region 3, domain 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, active site 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
4JMKX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.9

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q13202-F163.990.32

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 246 (phosphocysteine intermediate)

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-112409RAF-independent MAPK1/3 activation
R-HSA-5675221Negative regulation of MAPK pathway
R-HSA-9652817Signaling by MAPK mutants

MSigDB gene sets: 203 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_UP, GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_MCMV_INFECTION_DN, AAGCAAT_MIR137, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_8HR_UP, TGCACTT_MIR519C_MIR519B_MIR519A, ENK_UV_RESPONSE_KERATINOCYTE_UP, KEGG_MAPK_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, MAZ_Q6, TATTATA_MIR374, NAGASHIMA_NRG1_SIGNALING_UP, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_MAPK_CASCADE, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_SIGNAL_TRANSDUCTION

GO Biological Process (4): signal transduction (GO:0007165), dephosphorylation (GO:0016311), negative regulation of MAPK cascade (GO:0043409), protein dephosphorylation (GO:0006470)

GO Molecular Function (9): protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity (GO:0004722), protein tyrosine/threonine phosphatase activity (GO:0008330), phosphatase activity (GO:0016791), MAP kinase tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity (GO:0017017), MAP kinase tyrosine phosphatase activity (GO:0033550), phosphoprotein phosphatase activity (GO:0004721), protein tyrosine phosphatase activity (GO:0004725), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (2): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

CategoryPathways
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling1
RAF/MAP kinase cascade1
Oncogenic MAPK signaling1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
phosphoprotein phosphatase activity3
MAP kinase phosphatase activity2
cell communication1
cellular process1
signaling1
regulation of cellular process1
cellular response to stimulus1
phosphate-containing compound metabolic process1
MAPK cascade1
regulation of MAPK cascade1
negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction1
dephosphorylation1
protein modification process1
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity1
protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity1
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity1
phosphatase activity1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein1
binding1
catalytic activity1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
intracellular anatomical structure1
cellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1664 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
DUSP8IGHV4-38-2P0DP08580
DUSP8DUSP10Q9Y6W6550
DUSP8DUSP7Q16829532
DUSP8DUSP9Q99956522
DUSP8HNRNPCP07910516
DUSP8CDR2Q01850505
DUSP8DUSP6Q16828471
DUSP8MAPK12P53778468
DUSP8MAPK13O15264462
DUSP8ECHS1P30084455
DUSP8MAPK11Q15759442
DUSP8JUNP05412438
DUSP8LRRC56Q8IYG6436
DUSP8TNFP01375428
DUSP8DUSP22Q9NRW4428

IntAct

8 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
MAPK9WDR62psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.800
MAPK8WDR62psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
DUSP8MAPK8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.660
MAPK8DUSP8psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.660
CDC25ADUSP8psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
MAPK8WDR62psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MAPK9FTH1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (50): DUSP8 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAPK8 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAPK9 (Affinity Capture-MS), DUSP8 (Affinity Capture-MS), DUSP8 (Affinity Capture-MS), DUSP16 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAPK9 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANKMY2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SUGT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAPK8 (Affinity Capture-MS), FKBP5 (Affinity Capture-MS), FBXO11 (Affinity Capture-MS), GRB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MAPK3 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFAF4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1XQX1, A4FUY1, A6NFA1, A6NLU5, B1ATG9, C0HL12, D0PRN2, E1BBQ2, E9PUN2, O09112, O14514, O54693, O54951, O60347, O70141, P01346, P07456, P09535, P0DI97, P10764, P16611, P58400, P58401, P97260, Q0IJ12, Q13202, Q14CZ8, Q20FD0, Q28142, Q28143, Q3TZ87, Q3UHD1, Q63373, Q63376, Q640R3, Q6A039, Q6PDS0, Q6ZRP7, Q80UW0, Q86YJ5

Diamond homologs: A4IHU7, F1QWM2, O09112, O13632, O55737, O95147, P0C591, P0C592, P0C593, P0C594, P0C595, P0C596, P0C597, P0C598, P0C599, P0C5A0, P0C5A1, P0C5A2, P28562, P28563, P51452, Q05922, Q13115, Q13202, Q148W8, Q16828, Q16829, Q17QJ3, Q17QM8, Q1LWL2, Q29RA3, Q2KJ36, Q39491, Q4KL92, Q4RQD3, Q4V7N3, Q54T76, Q54Y32, Q556Y8, Q55BI8

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
DUSP8down-regulatesMAPK14dephosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

107 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance105
Likely benign1
Benign1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1003 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
11:1557574:CCTG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
11:1557575:CTGCG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
11:1557788:TGGTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
11:1557789:GGTAC:Gdonor_loss1.0000
11:1557790:GTACC:Gdonor_loss1.0000
11:1557791:TACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
11:1557792:A:Tdonor_loss1.0000
11:1557793:CCTGT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
11:1558108:TCA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
11:1558109:CACCG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
11:1558110:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
11:1558110:AC:Adonor_gain1.0000
11:1558111:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
11:1558111:CC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
11:1558111:CCG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
11:1558111:CCGA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
11:1558267:AGATC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1558268:GATC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1558269:ATC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1558270:TC:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1558271:CC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1558272:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1558272:C:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1558272:CTGGA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
11:1558282:G:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1558888:C:Gdonor_loss1.0000
11:1559051:GCCCC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1559052:CCCC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1559052:CCCCC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
11:1559053:CCC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

4013 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
11:1557518:A:GL293P1.000
11:1557524:C:TG291D1.000
11:1557525:C:GG291R1.000
11:1557529:G:CF289L1.000
11:1557529:G:TF289L1.000
11:1557530:A:CF289C1.000
11:1557530:A:GF289S1.000
11:1557531:A:GF289L1.000
11:1557532:G:CN288K1.000
11:1557532:G:TN288K1.000
11:1557536:A:GF287S1.000
11:1557538:G:CN286K1.000
11:1557538:G:TN286K1.000
11:1557542:G:CP285R1.000
11:1557542:G:TP285H1.000
11:1557543:G:AP285S1.000
11:1557543:G:TP285T1.000
11:1557548:A:TI283N1.000
11:1557558:G:CR280G1.000
11:1557558:G:TR280S1.000
11:1557565:C:AK277N1.000
11:1557565:C:GK277N1.000
11:1557567:T:CK277E1.000
11:1557569:A:TV276E1.000
11:1557572:A:GF275S1.000
11:1557798:A:CY273D1.000
11:1557798:A:GY273H1.000
11:1557800:G:TA272D1.000
11:1557833:A:TI261N1.000
11:1557837:A:CY260D1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000029971 (11:1572792 C>A,G,T), RS1000102260 (11:1565528 C>T), RS1000229116 (11:1562597 G>A), RS1000429271 (11:1562807 C>T), RS1000548052 (11:1557114 G>C), RS1000568116 (11:1563699 C>T), RS1000568637 (11:1562128 A>G), RS1000592485 (11:1568467 T>C), RS1000660864 (11:1567402 C>A,T), RS1000747360 (11:1554150 G>C), RS1000900210 (11:1571945 G>A), RS1000936550 (11:1568714 T>C), RS1001346950 (11:1554456 A>G), RS1001388779 (11:1571461 G>A,C), RS1001507457 (11:1566677 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:602038 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
hereditary gingival fibromatosisLimitedAutosomal dominant

Mondo (1): hereditary gingival fibromatosis (MONDO:0016070)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST005439_7Response to alcohol consumption (flushing response)4.000000e-06
GCST006479_10Diverticular disease7.000000e-06
GCST010703_211Brain morphology (MOSTest)2.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0009959diverticular disease
EFO:0004346neuroimaging measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

59 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
sodium arsenitedecreases expression, increases expression2
Phenylmercuric Acetateincreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Valproic Acidincreases expression, increases methylation2
Asbestos, Crocidoliteaffects expression, increases expression2
Particulate Matterincreases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
dicrotophosincreases expression1
methylmercuric chlorideincreases expression1
pirinixic acidaffects binding, decreases expression, increases activity1
deoxynivalenolincreases expression1
beta-lapachoneincreases expression1
sulforaphanedecreases expression1
potassium chromate(VI)affects cotreatment, increases expression1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineincreases expression, affects cotreatment, affects response to substance1
mercuric bromideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
epigallocatechin gallateaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
15-acetyldeoxynivalenolincreases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
3,4,5,4’-tetramethoxystilbeneaffects expression1
abrineincreases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
jinfukangdecreases expression, affects cotreatment1
NSC 689534affects binding, increases expression1
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression1
PCI 5002affects cotreatment, increases expression1
Febuxostatincreases expression1
Resveratrolincreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxideincreases expression1
Leflunomideincreases expression1
Acetaldehydeincreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_F1RIHyCyte MCF-7 KO-hDUSP8Cancer cell lineFemale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.