EGFL6

gene
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Summary

EGFL6 (EGF like domain multiple 6, HGNC:3235) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xp22.2, encoding Epidermal growth factor-like protein 6 (Q8IUX8). May bind integrin alpha-8/beta-1 and play a role in hair follicle morphogenesis.

This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeat superfamily. Members of this superfamily are characterized by the presence of EGF-like repeats and are often involved in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, and developmental processes. The gene product contains a signal peptide, suggesting that it is secreted; an EGF repeat region consisting of 4 complete EGF-like repeats and 1 partial EGF-like repeat, 3 of which have a calcium-binding consensus sequence; an arg-gly-asp integrin association motif; and a MAM domain, which is believed to have an adhesive function. This gene is expressed early during development, and its expression has been detected in lung and meningioma tumors.

Source: NCBI Gene 25975 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 2
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 124 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_015507

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:3235
Approved symbolEGFL6
NameEGF like domain multiple 6
LocationXp22.2
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
Ensembl geneENSG00000198759
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM300239
Entrez25975

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 4 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000361306, ENST00000380602, ENST00000473826, ENST00000857786, ENST00000857787

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_015507 NM_001167890, NM_015507

CCDS: CCDS14155, CCDS55370

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000361306 — 12 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000006653651361773013618053
ENSE000006653681361916313619243
ENSE000006653801362701113627276
ENSE000008404271360331713603436
ENSE000008404281360637913606513
ENSE000008404291360832413608446
ENSE000008935811359483613594928
ENSE000008935821359997513600094
ENSE000011509661362382413623925
ENSE000012799311356960113569935
ENSE000012799461358955613589668
ENSE000019336051363298513633575

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 186 present calls, max score 96.77.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 1.3909 / max 193.5050, expressed in 232 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1955711.0495214
1955730.223359
1955720.082728
1955740.035316

Top tissues by expression

271 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
visceral pleuraUBERON:000240196.77gold quality
placentaUBERON:000198795.68gold quality
pleuraUBERON:000097793.13gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240092.27gold quality
skin of hipUBERON:000155490.72gold quality
cartilage tissueUBERON:000241890.37gold quality
hair follicleUBERON:000207388.88gold quality
lower lobe of lungUBERON:000894988.73gold quality
lungUBERON:000204887.84gold quality
esophagus squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692087.63gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047387.11gold quality
upper lobe of lungUBERON:000894886.60gold quality
upper lobe of left lungUBERON:000895286.11gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503085.63gold quality
epithelium of esophagusUBERON:000197685.52gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216784.58gold quality
bronchial epithelial cellCL:000232884.04gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099180.83gold quality
epithelium of bronchusUBERON:000203179.95gold quality
squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691479.34gold quality
bronchusUBERON:000218579.04gold quality
pigmented layer of retinaUBERON:000178277.14gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011575.99gold quality
adipose tissueUBERON:000101375.91gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissueUBERON:000219075.81gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130475.79gold quality
connective tissueUBERON:000238474.56gold quality
esophagus mucosaUBERON:000246972.79gold quality
urinary bladderUBERON:000125571.88gold quality
cervix squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692271.31silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 8 experiment(s), a significant marker in 8.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6701yes4012.45
E-HCAD-24yes3244.10
E-HCAD-23yes3109.89
E-CURD-126yes1489.16
E-MTAB-8221yes1068.71
E-MTAB-10662yes990.37
E-MTAB-10042yes8.42
E-ANND-3yes5.69

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

47 targeting EGFL6, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-LET-7A-3P100.0074.033932
HSA-LET-7B-3P100.0074.083913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P100.0074.023928
HSA-MIR-98-3P100.0074.083907
HSA-MIR-4795-3P100.0074.624024
HSA-MIR-126-5P100.0072.713180
HSA-MIR-5692B100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-5692C100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-340-5P100.0072.504437
HSA-MIR-520D-5P99.9873.344883
HSA-MIR-524-5P99.9873.434882
HSA-MIR-4482-3P99.9872.503147
HSA-MIR-548AN99.9770.912817
HSA-MIR-4666A-3P99.9671.713434
HSA-MIR-381-3P99.9371.872854
HSA-MIR-30099.9271.762856
HSA-MIR-6508-5P99.9270.672465
HSA-MIR-568099.9169.833421
HSA-MIR-374A-5P99.9071.342923
HSA-MIR-374B-5P99.9069.982734
HSA-MIR-367199.9073.043897
HSA-MIR-806799.8669.592260
HSA-MIR-323A-3P99.7970.301739
HSA-MIR-202-5P99.7867.65991
HSA-MIR-200A-5P99.7669.10949
HSA-MIR-200B-5P99.7669.05948
HSA-MIR-58799.6470.862611
HSA-MIR-888-3P99.5369.771057
HSA-MIR-6833-5P99.5068.931161
HSA-MIR-150-3P99.4370.51920

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 17)

  • There is an absence of GNAS and EGFL6 mutations in common human cancers. (PMID:18038328)
  • results indicate that human EGFL6 is a paracrine/autocrine growth factor of adipose tissue up-regulated in obesity and potentially involved in the process of adipose tissue expansion and the development of obesity (PMID:20574786)
  • EGFL6 was overexpressed in benign meningioma tissues and serum. (PMID:23285163)
  • EGFL6 is an angiocrine and tumor cell factor that promotes tumorigenesis via SHP2-mediated signaling. EGFL6 stimulates ALDH+ ovarian cancer stem cell to migrate and undergo asymmetric division. (PMID:27803106)
  • In conclusion, our results suggest that plasma level of EGFL6 may be useful to assess disease progression, and especially advanced T status and higher TNM stage in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:28539817)
  • High EGFL6 expression may serve as a marker for poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma, especially in younger patients. (PMID:29934389)
  • It is an oncogene in CRC oncogenesis and development. (PMID:30395690)
  • In summary, we provided evidence that EGFL6 was highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and was associated with migration and growth of NPC cells. (PMID:30444069)
  • EGFL6 promotes breast cancer by simultaneously enhancing cancer cell metastasis and stimulating tumor angiogenesis (PMID:30455428)
  • Results showed that EGFL6 may play an important role in the adenomacarcinoma process, and high expression predicted poor survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. These findings provide evidence for EGFL6 is a novel inducer of proliferation in CRC, partially through the activation of beta-catenin via the WNT pathway. As a secreted protein, EGFL6 induces its function via secreted proteins targeting CRC cells. (PMID:30693973)
  • Thalidomide targets EGFL6 to inhibit EGFL6/PAX6 axis-driven angiogenesis in small bowel vascular malformation. (PMID:32008086)
  • Upregulation of miR126 inhibits podocyte injury in sepsis via EGFL6/DKC1 signaling pathway. (PMID:33760211)
  • Epidermal growth factor-like domain protein 6 recombinant protein facilitates osteogenic differentiation in adipose stem cells via bone morphogenetic protein 2/recombinant mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 signaling pathway. (PMID:35220882)
  • Transcriptome Analyses of Adipose Tissue Samples Identify EGFL6 as a Candidate Gene Involved in Obesity-Related Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Children. (PMID:35457174)
  • EGFL6 promotes endometrial cancer cell migration and proliferation. (PMID:38368816)
  • Cytoplasmic Expression of the EGFL6 Protein Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Shortened Patient Survival in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. (PMID:39187367)
  • Egfl6 promotes ovarian cancer progression by enhancing the immunosuppressive functions of tumor-associated myeloid cells. (PMID:39312740)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioegfl6ENSDARG00000045958
mus_musculusEgfl6ENSMUSG00000000402
rattus_norvegicusEgfl6ENSRNOG00000004275

Paralogs (1): NPNT (ENSG00000168743)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Epidermal growth factor-like protein 6Q8IUX8 (reviewed: Q8IUX8)

Alternative names: MAM and EGF domains-containing gene protein

All UniProt accessions (1): Q8IUX8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May bind integrin alpha-8/beta-1 and play a role in hair follicle morphogenesis. Promotes matrix assembly.

Subcellular location. Secreted. Extracellular space. Extracellular matrix. Basement membrane.

Similarity. Belongs to the nephronectin family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q8IUX8-11yes
Q8IUX8-22

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001161362, NP_056322* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000152EGF-type_Asp/Asn_hydroxyl_sitePTM
IPR000742EGFDomain
IPR000998MAM_domDomain
IPR001881EGF-like_Ca-bd_domDomain
IPR009030Growth_fac_rcpt_cys_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR013320ConA-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR018097EGF_Ca-bd_CSConserved_site
IPR049883NOTCH1_EGF-likeDomain
IPR052235Nephronectin_domainFamily

Pfam: PF00629, PF07645

UniProt features (33 total): disulfide bond 8, sequence conflict 7, domain 6, sequence variant 4, compositionally biased region 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, glycosylation site 1, splice variant 1, region of interest 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q8IUX8-F165.960.06

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (8): 98–109, 105–118, 120–132, 178–191, 185–200, 223–236, 230–245, 247–258

Glycosylation sites (1): 397

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 141 (showing top): RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, MULLIGHAN_NPM1_SIGNATURE_3_UP, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, BOYLAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_PCA1_DN, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ADHESION, MARTORIATI_MDM4_TARGETS_NEUROEPITHELIUM_DN, IRF7_01, LU_TUMOR_VASCULATURE_UP, GNF2_KISS1, IRF_Q6, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_SUBSTRATE_ADHESION, SMID_BREAST_CANCER_RELAPSE_IN_BRAIN_UP, GNF2_CDKN1C, GOCC_BASEMENT_MEMBRANE, VANTVEER_BREAST_CANCER_ESR1_DN

GO Biological Process (4): cell adhesion (GO:0007155), positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion (GO:0010811), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), extracellular matrix organization (GO:0030198)

GO Molecular Function (3): integrin binding (GO:0005178), calcium ion binding (GO:0005509), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): basement membrane (GO:0005604), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), membrane (GO:0016020), extracellular region (GO:0005576), extracellular matrix (GO:0031012)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure2
cellular process1
regulation of cell-substrate adhesion1
cell-substrate adhesion1
positive regulation of cell adhesion1
cellular developmental process1
extracellular structure organization1
external encapsulating structure organization1
signaling receptor binding1
protein-containing complex binding1
cell adhesion molecule binding1
metal ion binding1
binding1
extracellular matrix1
external encapsulating structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1372 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
EGFL6TCEANCQ8N8B7561
EGFL6ITGA8P53708536
EGFL6GEMIN8Q9NWZ8493
EGFL6MEGF9Q9H1U4449
EGFL6CTPS2Q9NRF8418
EGFL6EIF2S3P41091398
EGFL6ANKS3Q6ZW76397
EGFL6ARHGAP28Q9P2N2396
EGFL6AREGP15514394
EGFL6WDR24Q96S15392
EGFL6INSYN2BA6NMK8388
EGFL6EHD4Q9H223384
EGFL6RHBDL3P58872377
EGFL6RHBDL1O75783371
EGFL6LRRC34Q8IZ02370

IntAct

10 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
EGFL6UBQLN2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
SH3GL2EGFL6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.550
EGFL6H1-1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
EGFL6H2BC9psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
EGFL6CCDC85Cpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
EGFL6UBQLN2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
EGFL6SH3GL3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
EGFL6SH3GL2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (32): CCDC85C (Affinity Capture-MS), ZZEF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ALG13 (Affinity Capture-MS), SORL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), HECTD3 (Affinity Capture-MS), HDGF (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM8A1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SYVN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IDE (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP1B (Affinity Capture-MS), LDLR (Affinity Capture-MS), HSPA5 (Affinity Capture-MS), SH3GL2 (Two-hybrid), SH3GL3 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A7MBS7, D3YXF5, F1LW30, O89103, P10643, P11680, P27918, P35446, P82987, P90884, Q29RQ1, Q2I0M5, Q2MKA7, Q3UPR9, Q3UTY6, Q4R7Z5, Q5M7L6, Q5RAD0, Q5RBP1, Q5RBP8, Q5UE90, Q64181, Q66PY1, Q69ZU6, Q6NZL8, Q6P4U0, Q6UXX9, Q6ZMP0, Q7T3Q2, Q7TSK7, Q80YN4, Q86TH1, Q8BFU0, Q8BJ73, Q8BLI0, Q8IUX8, Q8IWY4, Q8IX30, Q8N6G6, Q8VCC9

Diamond homologs: A0A096LNW5, A2RUV0, B4DH59, G3I6Z6, O35474, O35516, O75095, O89019, P07207, P0DPK3, P0DPK4, P13508, P20749, P21783, P31695, P46530, P46531, P82279, Q01705, Q04721, Q07008, Q20911, Q499M5, Q502K3, Q5RBP1, Q61982, Q6UXI9, Q6UY11, Q7Z3S9, Q810B6, Q8AVH7, Q8IUX8, Q91V88, Q99466, Q9FY48, Q9JJZ5, Q9P2R3, Q9QW30, Q9QXT5, Q9R172

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

124 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance66
Likely benign7
Benign6

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1559 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
X:13603422:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
X:13603449:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
X:13606370:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13606371:C:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13606372:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13606373:C:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13606374:CCTA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
X:13606376:TAG:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
X:13606377:A:ACacceptor_loss1.0000
X:13606377:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13606378:G:GTacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13606378:GA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13606378:GAT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13606378:GATA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13606378:GATAT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13606509:TATAG:Tdonor_gain1.0000
X:13606510:ATAG:Adonor_gain1.0000
X:13606511:TAGG:Tdonor_loss1.0000
X:13606513:GGT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
X:13606514:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
X:13606514:GTAA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
X:13606515:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
X:13617729:GCT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13618049:GTTTT:Gdonor_gain1.0000
X:13618052:TT:Tdonor_gain1.0000
X:13618054:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
X:13619161:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13619161:A:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
X:13619162:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
X:13619240:AAAGG:Adonor_loss1.0000

AlphaMissense

3675 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
X:13623903:G:CW421C0.996
X:13623903:G:TW421C0.996
X:13623901:T:AW421R0.995
X:13623901:T:CW421R0.995
X:13589640:G:CW53C0.993
X:13589640:G:TW53C0.993
X:13623873:G:CW411C0.992
X:13623873:G:TW411C0.992
X:13606462:T:AC202S0.991
X:13606463:G:CC202S0.991
X:13606509:T:GC217W0.991
X:13608440:T:AC258S0.991
X:13608441:G:CC258S0.991
X:13608407:T:AC247S0.990
X:13608408:G:CC247S0.990
X:13606462:T:CC202R0.989
X:13606507:T:CC217R0.989
X:13606507:T:AC217S0.988
X:13606508:G:CC217S0.988
X:13623871:T:AW411R0.988
X:13623871:T:CW411R0.988
X:13606429:T:AC191S0.987
X:13606430:G:CC191S0.987
X:13606464:T:GC202W0.987
X:13606508:G:AC217Y0.987
X:13608401:T:AC245S0.987
X:13608402:G:CC245S0.987
X:13606390:T:AC178S0.986
X:13606391:G:CC178S0.986
X:13627228:G:CW501C0.986

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000184540 (X:13608822 G>T), RS1000274746 (X:13619670 C>T), RS1000323401 (X:13595843 C>T), RS1000351034 (X:13585009 C>T), RS1000400473 (X:13611735 T>A), RS1000431932 (X:13584586 G>A), RS1000463514 (X:13593849 G>T), RS1000584045 (X:13572175 G>C), RS1000613061 (X:13596264 C>A,T), RS1000626633 (X:13603051 G>A), RS1000691938 (X:13600882 C>T), RS1000701075 (X:13630052 T>A), RS1000749627 (X:13595876 T>C), RS1000801954 (X:13595530 G>A), RS1000814203 (X:13630570 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:300239 | disease phenotypes: MIM:258040

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): exstrophy-epispadias complex (MONDO:0017919)

Orphanet (2): Exstrophy-epispadias complex (Orphanet:322), Cloacal exstrophy (Orphanet:93929)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001860_15Multiple sclerosis4.000000e-06
GCST008388_3Acute post-radiotherapy pain in breast cancer8.000000e-06

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

33 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects expression, decreases methylation, increases expression3
Vorinostataffects cotreatment, increases expression2
Rotenoneincreases expression2
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression2
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation, increases methylation2
bisphenol Aaffects cotreatment, decreases methylation1
trichostatin Aincreases expression1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
abrineincreases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
bis-N,N-dimethylamino-2-(N-methylpyrrolyl)methyl cyclopentadienyl titanium (IV)increases expression1
Zoledronic Aciddecreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxidedecreases expression1
Fulvestrantaffects cotreatment, decreases methylation1
Amiodaroneincreases expression1
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation1
Cadmiumdecreases expression1
Cisplatindecreases response to substance1
Cytarabinedecreases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases response to substance1
Indomethacinincreases expression1
Lipopolysaccharidesaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Methotrexatedecreases response to substance1
Plant Extractsincreases expression1
Silicon Dioxidedecreases expression1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxinaffects expression1
Vincristinedecreases response to substance1
Cyclosporineincreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_SL49HAP1 EGFL6 (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_SL50HAP1 EGFL6 (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

2 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT04760028PHASE4COMPLETEDStudy on the Influencing Factors of Electroencephalogram Parameters Under Anesthesia
NCT06106425Not specifiedUNKNOWNDiagnostic and Prognostic Criteria of EEG in Neonatal Convulsions at Assiut University Children Hospital
  • Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): exstrophy-epispadias complex