EIF1AY

Summary

EIF1AY (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A Y-linked, HGNC:3252) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Yq11.223, encoding Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, Y-chromosomal (O14602). Component of the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which binds to the mRNA cap-proximal region, scans mRNA 5’-untranslated region, and locates the initiation codon.

This gene is located on the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome. It encodes a protein related to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A (EIF1A), which may function in stabilizing the binding of the initiator Met-tRNA to 40S ribosomal subunits. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 9086 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 31 total — 1 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_004681

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:3252
Approved symbol	EIF1AY
Name	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A Y-linked
Location	Yq11.223
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000198692
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	400014
Entrez	9086

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 11 protein_coding, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000361365, ENST00000382772, ENST00000464196, ENST00000465253, ENST00000485584, ENST00000886478, ENST00000886479, ENST00000939722, ENST00000939723, ENST00000939724, ENST00000939725, ENST00000939726, ENST00000939727, ENST00000966875

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_004681 NM_001278612, NM_004681

CCDS: CCDS14795, CCDS65368

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000361365 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001435537	20575776	20575887
ENSE00001436409	20592341	20593154
ENSE00001635972	20588024	20588105
ENSE00003465639	20584474	20584524
ENSE00003488477	20589484	20589575
ENSE00003613684	20579608	20579691
ENSE00003657245	20582590	20582693

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 261 present calls, max score 96.89.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 43.4723 / max 3322.1582, expressed in 934 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
201200	29.9927	921
201201	7.8851	829
201199	5.5945	860

Top tissues by expression

291 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	96.89	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	95.40	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	94.75	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	94.38	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	92.12	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	91.42	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	90.76	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	90.75	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	90.35	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	89.73	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	89.02	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	88.87	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	88.75	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	88.53	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	88.42	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	88.21	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	86.09	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	86.01	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	85.77	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	85.49	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	84.58	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	84.00	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	83.88	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	83.27	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	83.20	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	83.06	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	82.99	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	82.92	gold quality
cranial nerve II	UBERON:0000941	82.70	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	82.34	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-7407	yes	267.92
E-MTAB-10042	yes	26.04
E-ANND-3	yes	8.32
E-HCAD-9	yes	6.34
E-MTAB-11011	no	289.78

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

51 targeting EIF1AY, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4692	100.00	67.32	2066
HSA-MIR-4514	99.99	67.10	1870
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-6888-3P	99.97	65.95	1170
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-548J-3P	99.94	72.61	4881
HSA-MIR-548AE-3P	99.93	72.66	4867
HSA-MIR-548AH-3P	99.93	72.54	4872
HSA-MIR-548AM-3P	99.93	72.54	4872
HSA-MIR-548AQ-3P	99.93	72.66	4867
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-10523-5P	99.91	69.22	2038
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-3919	99.87	69.45	2489
HSA-MIR-577	99.78	69.13	2479
HSA-MIR-548AG	99.77	69.25	1492
HSA-MIR-4517	99.76	69.19	1867
HSA-MIR-5580-3P	99.70	69.41	2052
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-548AI	99.69	69.24	1494
HSA-MIR-548BA	99.69	69.14	1514
HSA-MIR-570-5P	99.69	69.24	1494
HSA-MIR-7154-5P	99.69	70.52	1900
HSA-MIR-6715B-5P	99.64	69.63	1420
HSA-MIR-4743-3P	99.62	68.12	2095
HSA-MIR-885-5P	99.59	68.59	879
HSA-MIR-4269	99.55	69.89	1373

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• investigated 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Y-linked neuroligin 4, transducin b-like 1, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1a genes, results suggest a Y chromosome effect in autism (PMID:19605777)
• The N-terminal tail of eIF1A mediates the interaction with eIF5 and eIF1. (PMID:24319994)

Cross-species orthologs

22 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	eif1axa	ENSDARG00000029003
danio_rerio	eif1axb	ENSDARG00000057912
mus_musculus	Eif1a	ENSMUSG00000057561
mus_musculus	Eif1ad3	ENSMUSG00000072905
mus_musculus	Eif1ad7	ENSMUSG00000079029
mus_musculus	Eif1ad2	ENSMUSG00000079031
mus_musculus	Eif1ad8	ENSMUSG00000079034
mus_musculus	Eif1ad6	ENSMUSG00000092019
mus_musculus	Eif1ad15	ENSMUSG00000093847
mus_musculus	Eif1ad11	ENSMUSG00000095717
mus_musculus	Eif1ad19	ENSMUSG00000095724
mus_musculus	Eif1ad10	ENSMUSG00000095799
mus_musculus	Eif1ad17	ENSMUSG00000096049
mus_musculus	Eif1ad14	ENSMUSG00000096619
mus_musculus	Eif1ad16	ENSMUSG00000096803
mus_musculus	Eif1ad13	ENSMUSG00000113201
mus_musculus	Eif1ad12	ENSMUSG00000113805
mus_musculus	Eif1ad4	ENSMUSG00000113971
mus_musculus	Eif1ad18	ENSMUSG00000114075
rattus_norvegicus	Eif1a	ENSRNOG00000031421
drosophila_melanogaster	eIF1A	FBGN0026250
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00019162

Paralogs (1): EIF1AX (ENSG00000173674)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A, Y-chromosomal — O14602 (reviewed: O14602)

Alternative names: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4C

All UniProt accessions (2): O14602, A6NJH9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which binds to the mRNA cap-proximal region, scans mRNA 5’-untranslated region, and locates the initiation codon. This protein enhances formation of the cap-proximal complex. Together with EIF1, facilitates scanning, start codon recognition, promotion of the assembly of 48S complex at the initiation codon (43S PIC becomes 48S PIC after the start codon is reached), and dissociation of aberrant complexes. After start codon location, together with EIF5B orients the initiator methionine-tRNA in a conformation that allows 60S ribosomal subunit joining to form the 80S initiation complex. Is released after 80S initiation complex formation, just after GTP hydrolysis by EIF5B, and before release of EIF5B. Its globular part is located in the A site of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Its interaction with EIF5 during scanning contribute to the maintenance of EIF1 within the open 43S PIC. In contrast to yeast orthologs, does not bind EIF1.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), which is composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit, EIF1, eIF1A (EIF1AX), eIF3 complex, EIF5 and eIF2-GTP-initiator tRNA complex (eIF2 ternary complex). Interacts with EIF5; this interaction contributes to the maintenance of EIF1 within the open 43S PIC. Interacts through its C-terminal domain (CTD) with the CTD of EIF5B; from the location of the start codon by the 43S complex until the formation of the 80S complex.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous.

Similarity. Belongs to the eIF-1A family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001265541, NP_004672* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001253	TIF_eIF-1A	Family
IPR006196	RNA-binding_domain_S1_IF1	Domain
IPR012340	NA-bd_OB-fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR018104	TIF_eIF-1A_CS	Conserved_site

Pfam: PF01176

UniProt features (9 total): compositionally biased region 3, region of interest 2, chain 1, domain 1, cross-link 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O14602-F1	77.59	0.43

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 88

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 139 (showing top): MCLACHLAN_DENTAL_CARIES_UP, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_TRANSLATIONAL_INITIATION, GOMF_TRANSLATION_INITIATION_FACTOR_ACTIVITY, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, GNF2_ANK1, GOBP_TRANSLATION, MODULE_379, MILI_PSEUDOPODIA_HAPTOTAXIS_UP, GNF2_SPTA1, GNF2_PCAF, AACTTT_UNKNOWN, HAHTOLA_SEZARY_SYNDROM_UP, MCDOWELL_ACUTE_LUNG_INJURY_UP, MODULE_242

GO Biological Process (2): translational initiation (GO:0006413), translation (GO:0006412)

GO Molecular Function (4): tRNA binding (GO:0000049), translation initiation factor activity (GO:0003743), RNA binding (GO:0003723), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (1): cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
translational initiation	2
formation of translation initiation ternary complex	1
translation	1
metabolic process	1
peptidyltransferase activity	1
translational elongation	1
translational termination	1
macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
protein metabolic process	1
protein biosynthetic process	1
RNA binding	1
translation factor activity	1
nucleic acid binding	1
binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2386 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
EIF1AY	DDX3Y	O15523	889
EIF1AY	USP9Y	O00507	877
EIF1AY	KDM5D	Q9BY66	852
EIF1AY	RPS4Y1	P22090	846
EIF1AY	ZFY	P08048	836
EIF1AY	UTY	O14607	791
EIF1AY	PRKY	O43930	771
EIF1AY	RPS4Y2	Q8TD47	750
EIF1AY	NLGN4Y	Q8NFZ3	745
EIF1AY	TMSB4Y	O14604	740
EIF1AY	A0A087WUC5	A0A087WUC5	618
EIF1AY	EIF4A2	Q14240	610
EIF1AY	AMELY	Q99218	607
EIF1AY	HSFY1	Q96LI6	606
EIF1AY	BPY2	O14599	604

IntAct

39 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
EIF1AY	ATXN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
HNF4A	EIF1AY	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
EIF1AY	HTT	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
EIF1AY	EIF1AX	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
EIF1AY	EIF5B	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
SRPK2	EIF1AY	psi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)	0.440
	GNAT3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
APP	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CD74		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DDX60	G6PD	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CUL3	PXDNL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ENG	IGKV2-28	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRKD1	MYO1C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MAP2K3	USP9Y	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IMMP1L	EIF1AY	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IMMP2L	ANKHD1-EIF4EBP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (58): EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Two-hybrid), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AX (Affinity Capture-MS), KLHL36 (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF1AY (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A324, A1XQR9, A4FUI2, A5JSS2, A6MZM2, G1SHQ2, O09167, O14602, O35900, O60739, P20280, P25800, P41567, P46778, P47813, P48024, P49666, P51971, P61220, P62303, P62304, P62305, P62308, P62309, Q09028, Q0D5W6, Q0P5B3, Q2KIA3, Q3B8H4, Q3ZBL0, Q4R4X9, Q503U0, Q5E938, Q5RA42, Q5RBW7, Q5RFF4, Q60872, Q60972, Q6GVM3, Q6QN05

Diamond homologs: A2STQ8, A4FYM5, A4YEH8, A6UUK8, A6VJQ7, A9A6C2, B0R7D8, B8D5N1, C3MK60, C3MU29, C3N0P1, C3N8M9, C3NMA0, C4KK84, O14602, O27085, O29481, O59280, P38912, P47813, P47814, P47815, P55877, P56331, P57676, Q03590, Q12YN5, Q18EX1, Q18JF4, Q2NEP1, Q3IT14, Q469I9, Q469J2, Q4JA54, Q54YJ6, Q57887, Q5JH78, Q5RA42, Q5UZM2, Q60872

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
EIF1AY	“up-regulates activity”	Ternary_GTP_eIF2_tRNA_complex	relocalization

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 33 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
positive regulation of gene expression	6	8.0×	5e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

31 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	2
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
870521	GRCh37/hg19 Yq11.21-11.223(chrY:14495040-24070172)x0	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

1314 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
Y:20579598:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20579688:CAAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
Y:20579689:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
Y:20579692:G:GC	donor_loss	1.0000
Y:20579693:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
Y:20582588:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20582589:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20582589:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20588021:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20588021:AAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20588022:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20588103:ATGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
Y:20588105:GGTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
Y:20588106:G:GC	donor_loss	1.0000
Y:20588106:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
Y:20588107:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
Y:20588692:GCC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
Y:20588694:C:CG	donor_gain	1.0000
Y:20588694:C:G	donor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589482:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589483:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589483:GCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589483:GCTA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589483:GCTAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589571:ATGAT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589572:TGAT:T	donor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589573:GAT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589573:GATG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589574:AT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
Y:20589574:ATG:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

966 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
Y:20579613:G:A	G8R	1.000
Y:20579613:G:C	G8R	1.000
Y:20579614:G:A	G8E	1.000
Y:20579617:G:A	G9D	1.000
Y:20579628:C:A	R13S	1.000
Y:20579632:G:C	R14T	1.000
Y:20579632:G:T	R14M	1.000
Y:20579633:G:C	R14S	1.000
Y:20579633:G:T	R14S	1.000
Y:20582592:T:C	Y35H	1.000
Y:20582595:G:C	A36P	1.000
Y:20582596:C:A	A36D	1.000
Y:20582602:T:A	V38E	1.000
Y:20582616:G:A	G43R	1.000
Y:20582616:G:C	G43R	1.000
Y:20582617:G:A	G43E	1.000
Y:20582617:G:T	G43V	1.000
Y:20582623:G:A	G45E	1.000
Y:20582626:G:C	R46P	1.000
Y:20582629:T:G	L47W	1.000
Y:20582640:T:C	C51R	1.000
Y:20582641:G:A	C51Y	1.000
Y:20582642:T:G	C51W	1.000
Y:20582659:G:C	R57T	1.000
Y:20582659:G:T	R57M	1.000
Y:20582660:G:C	R57S	1.000
Y:20582660:G:T	R57S	1.000
Y:20582664:T:C	C59R	1.000
Y:20582665:G:A	C59Y	1.000
Y:20582666:C:G	C59W	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000190714 (Y:20586834 T>C), RS1000556477 (Y:20581531 C>T), RS1000624790 (Y:20587583 T>C), RS1000919475 (Y:20580345 G>T), RS1004212641 (Y:20575073 A>G), RS1006315056 (Y:20580102 T>G), RS1006660285 (Y:20584863 A>G), RS1006788607 (Y:20590923 T>C), RS1006793011 (Y:20583482 A>G), RS1008334129 (Y:20577462 T>G), RS1008468096 (Y:20575609 G>C), RS1009205644 (Y:20578014 T>A), RS1012902336 (Y:20589096 A>G), RS1013242227 (Y:20583231 T>G), RS1018144628 (Y:20583681 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:400014 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): male infertility (MONDO:0005372)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST010733_6	Autism	3.000000e-09
GCST010733_7	Autism	5.000000e-06

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

27 total (human), top 27 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
arsenite	increases reaction, decreases methylation, increases expression, affects binding	2
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
tobacco tar	decreases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression	1
MRK 003	increases expression	1
incobotulinumtoxinA	decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Vehicle Emissions	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases methylation, increases methylation	1
Benztropine	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Cannabidiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Chromium	decreases expression	1
Cuprizone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Enzyme Inhibitors	decreases activity, increases O-linked glycosylation	1
Gold	decreases expression	1
Hydralazine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Piroxicam	decreases expression	1
Dihydrotestosterone	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Vanadates	increases expression	1
Cyclosporine	increases expression	1
Lactic Acid	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

125 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
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NCT00119925	Not specified	UNKNOWN	‘SPRING’-Study: Subfertility Guidelines: Patient Related Implementation in the Netherlands Among Gynaecologists
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NCT00756561	Not specified	COMPLETED	HOP-2A - Intratesticular Hormone Levels
NCT00961558	Not specified	TERMINATED	Canadian Varicocelectomy Initiative (CVI): Effects on Male Fertility and Testicular Function of Varicocelectomy
NCT01075334	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Is a Carnitine Based Food Supplement (PorimoreTM) for Infertile Men Superior to Folate and Zinc With Regard to Pregnancy Rates in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles?
NCT01178463	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Azoospermic Patients: a Comparison Between Obstructive and Non-obstructive Azoospermia