ENO2

Summary

ENO2 (enolase 2, HGNC:3353) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12p13.31, encoding Gamma-enolase (P09104). Enolase that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in glycolysis and the reverse reaction in gluconeogenesis.

This gene encodes one of the three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. This isoenzyme, a homodimer, is found in mature neurons and cells of neuronal origin. A switch from alpha enolase to gamma enolase occurs in neural tissue during development in rats and primates.

Source: NCBI Gene 2026 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 54 total — 1 pathogenic
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 26 tissues, sQTL in 3 (q < 0.05)
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.84 (intermediate), LOEUF 0.54 (moderately constrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001975
• Interaction hub: 3,980 STRING partners (top 1% of genes corpus-wide)
• Notable: 54 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:3353
Approved symbol	ENO2
Name	enolase 2
Location	12p13.31
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	NSE
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000111674
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	131360
Entrez	2026

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 27 — 17 protein_coding, 5 retained_intron, 4 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000229277

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 2, TSL 2: 2, TSL 3: 2, TSL 4: 2, TSL 5: 6

ENST00000229277, ENST00000441285, ENST00000534977, ENST00000535275, ENST00000535366, ENST00000536199, ENST00000537688, ENST00000537838, ENST00000538763, ENST00000539713, ENST00000541477, ENST00000542509, ENST00000543975, ENST00000545045, ENST00000879143, ENST00000879144, ENST00000879145, ENST00000934731, ENST00000934732, ENST00000967958, ENST00000967959, ENST00000967960, ENST00000967961, ENST00001077575, ENST00001077576, ENST00001077577, ENST00001143076

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001975 NM_001975

CCDS: CCDS8570

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000229277 — 12 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001102855	6914580	6914659
ENSE00003478569	6922056	6922164
ENSE00003628411	6922344	6922402
ENSE00003699619	6916671	6916729
ENSE00003700162	6916417	6916512
ENSE00003845316	6922731	6923697
ENSE00003889063	6921581	6921782
ENSE00003889435	6917581	6917714
ENSE00003890449	6915821	6915917
ENSE00003892091	6919566	6919763
ENSE00003894695	6917038	6917107
ENSE00003894774	6917940	6918162

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 258 present calls, max score 99.86.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 40.9387 / max 787.1093, expressed in 1696 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): cerebellar cortex, cerebellar hemisphere, hemisphere of cerebellum, cerebellum, paraflocculus.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

ENO2 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 26 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 3 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 29 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	eqtl	3.9e-39	+1.27	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Artery Tibial	eqtl	2.2e-25	+0.90	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	1.7e-13	+0.80	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	6.2e-11	+0.82	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Thyroid	eqtl	9.0e-11	+0.88	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	1.1e-10	+0.82	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Esophagus Muscularis	eqtl	3.8e-10	+1.08	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Adipose Subcutaneous	eqtl	1.4e-09	+0.54	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Esophagus Gastroesophageal Junction	eqtl	2.9e-09	+1.22	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Colon Sigmoid	eqtl	9.2e-08	+0.93	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Nerve Tibial	eqtl	7.3e-07	+0.71	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Whole Blood	eqtl	1.2e-06	+0.47	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Artery Aorta	eqtl	2.4e-06	+0.53	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Colon Transverse	eqtl	4.9e-06	+0.46	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes	eqtl	5.1e-06	+0.80	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Adipose Visceral Omentum	eqtl	2.0e-04	+0.50	12:6923288:GTATTTATT:G
Muscle Skeletal	eqtl	1.1e-03	-0.11	12:6919954:C:T
Spleen	eqtl	2.5e-03	+0.48	12:6334646:A:C
Brain Putamen basal ganglia	eqtl	3.0e-03	-1.31	12:6806345:CCCAGGCTG:C
Testis	sqtl	3.1e-03	-2.02	12:6119168:G:C

FANTOM5 promoters

9 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
123798	27.5037	1631
123797	6.3688	1347
123796	3.2756	1153
123801	2.1406	359
123795	1.0976	451
123803	0.3333	152
123800	0.1293	53
123799	0.0583	26
123794	0.0315	13

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 295 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	99.86	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	99.86	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	99.86	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	99.82	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	99.74	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	99.65	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	99.59	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	99.59	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	99.51	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	99.44	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	99.42	gold quality
frontal lobe	UBERON:0016525	99.42	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	99.40	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	99.35	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	99.31	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	99.29	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	99.24	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	99.22	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	99.21	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	99.19	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	99.18	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	99.14	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	99.08	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	99.06	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	99.04	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	99.02	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	98.93	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	98.92	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	98.91	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	98.85	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	98.83	gold quality
central nervous system	UBERON:0001017	98.81	gold quality
forebrain	UBERON:0001890	98.81	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	98.74	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	98.72	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	98.57	gold quality
dorsal root ganglion	UBERON:0000044	98.53	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	98.53	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	98.49	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	98.47	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	98.37	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	98.26	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	98.21	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	98.19	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	98.18	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	98.17	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	98.14	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	97.91	gold quality
midbrain	UBERON:0001891	97.63	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	97.63	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	97.60	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	97.60	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	97.56	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	97.52	gold quality
ventral tegmental area	UBERON:0002691	97.37	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	97.30	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	97.30	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	97.17	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	97.15	gold quality
medulla oblongata	UBERON:0001896	97.10	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	97.09	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	97.02	gold quality
globus pallidus	UBERON:0001875	96.97	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	96.90	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	96.79	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	96.67	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	96.50	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	96.48	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	96.46	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	96.37	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	96.23	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	95.85	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	95.72	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	95.58	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	95.47	gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamus	UBERON:0001897	95.31	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	95.31	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	95.22	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	95.14	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	95.11	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	95.07	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	94.91	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	94.90	gold quality
trigeminal ganglion	UBERON:0001675	94.79	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	94.67	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	94.61	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	94.55	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	94.37	gold quality
inferior olivary complex	UBERON:0002127	94.14	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	93.76	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	93.61	gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglion	UBERON:0005363	93.36	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	93.30	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	93.28	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	92.93	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	92.57	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	92.29	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	92.27	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	92.19	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	92.13	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 9 experiment(s), a significant marker in 7.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-84465	yes	2438.88
E-MTAB-7316	yes	45.54
E-HCAD-35	yes	44.51
E-GEOD-93593	yes	18.28
E-MTAB-5061	yes	17.14
E-HCAD-25	yes	8.87
E-ENAD-17	no	1382.10
E-MTAB-9154	no	802.98
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Group enriched

showing 60 of 77 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Retina	tissue	1573.2
Caudate putamen	tissue	944.3
Frontal cortex	tissue	786.6
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	763.1
Cerebral cortex	tissue	711.1	high
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	711.1
Motor cortex	tissue	567.9
Occipital cortex	tissue	562.9
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	545.0
Thalamus	tissue	541.8
Cerebellum	tissue	510.9	high
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	509.4
Hippocampal formation	tissue	505.5
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	505.5
Temporal cortex	tissue	499.0
Pons	tissue	488.6
Superior colliculi	tissue	488.1
Locus coeruleus	tissue	470.1
Basal ganglia	tissue	464.4	high
Putamen	tissue	459.8
Insular cortex	tissue	446.3
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	439.4
Septum	tissue	426.7
Ventral forebrain	tissue	409.0
Hypothalamus	tissue	401.6
Midbrain	tissue	398.7
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	379.4
Amygdala	tissue	371.0
Olfactory bulb	tissue	310.5
Medulla oblongata	tissue	291.6
Hippocampus	tissue	290.8	high
Substantia nigra	tissue	283.0
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	266.6
Spinal cord	tissue	194.2
Choroid plexus	tissue	145.0
Pituitary gland	tissue	121.5
Corpus callosum	tissue	68.7
Vagina	tissue	47.7	not detected
Adrenal gland	tissue	44.1	not detected
Parathyroid gland	tissue	41.1	not detected
Smooth muscle	tissue	32.7	not detected
Seminal vesicle	tissue	32.3	not detected
Thyroid gland	tissue	30.7	not detected
Endometrium 1	tissue	25.1	not detected
Thymus	tissue	24.9
Lymph node	tissue	24.6	not detected
Heart muscle	tissue	23.5	not detected
Tonsil	tissue	22.9	not detected
Lung	tissue	21.9	not detected
Fallopian tube	tissue	19.2	not detected
Appendix	tissue	18.8	not detected
Gallbladder	tissue	16.8	not detected
Prostate	tissue	15.9	not detected
Rectum	tissue	14.6	low
Cervix	tissue	14.5	not detected
Colon	tissue	14.2	low
Stomach 1	tissue	13.1	not detected
Urinary bladder	tissue	13.1	not detected
Spleen	tissue	12.5	not detected
Small intestine	tissue	12.5	not detected

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 190; highest nTPM — Precentral gyrus (691.3), Precentral gyrus, middle (681.1), Postcentral gyrus, middle (624.6), Olfactory area (615.7), Paracentral lobule, anterior (603.1).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AR, ENO1, HIF1A, NOTO, STAT3

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting ENO2 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 55 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-4673	100.00	66.64	1490
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-6077	99.99	68.04	2299
HSA-MIR-4645-5P	99.98	65.81	1284
HSA-MIR-2110	99.96	66.68	1930
HSA-MIR-7-1-3P	99.91	71.53	4384
HSA-MIR-7-2-3P	99.91	71.40	4394
HSA-MIR-12119	99.87	68.35	1653
HSA-MIR-6857-5P	99.87	65.32	985
HSA-MIR-3941	99.86	70.54	2735
HSA-MIR-6842-5P	99.80	67.54	1587
HSA-MIR-7110-5P	99.80	67.84	1712
HSA-MIR-3150A-3P	99.76	64.44	1640
HSA-MIR-6763-5P	99.76	64.68	1767
HSA-MIR-4524A-3P	99.72	66.85	2406
HSA-MIR-6892-3P	99.68	66.40	1178
HSA-MIR-7-5P	99.67	70.53	1809
HSA-MIR-3175	99.65	66.30	2031
HSA-MIR-6752-5P	99.59	67.32	1243
HSA-MIR-451B	99.55	68.28	1380
HSA-MIR-3120-3P	99.54	70.28	2669
HSA-MIR-3171	99.49	69.06	776
HSA-MIR-4318	99.38	66.94	1505
HSA-MIR-6731-5P	99.28	67.42	2375
HSA-MIR-8085	99.28	67.56	2362
HSA-MIR-580-5P	99.28	70.94	1776
HSA-MIR-892C-5P	99.16	70.56	2116

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.842, LOEUF 0.542, missense Z 2.53 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000229277 — one region, missense o/e 0.75.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Serum level of enolase 2 heavily influences survival in neuroblastoma in children. (PMID:11881792)
• expressed in the placenta and umbilical cord (PMID:11919335)
• Serum time course of two brain-specific proteins, alpha(1) brain globulin and neuron-specific enolase, in tick-born encephalitis and Lyme disease. (PMID:11983209)
• neuron-specific enolase (NSE) may have a role in development of pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) (PMID:11985791)
• the frequency of a high NSE serum value in acute and lymphoma type adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) suggests that ATL cells preferentially produce NSE compared with other NHL cells (PMID:12353304)
• Patients with viral meningitis showed high concentrations of inosine, guanosine, xanthine, urate and neuron-specific enolase. (PMID:12581805)
• Increased level of neuron-specific enolase is associated with small-cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer patients (PMID:12636057)
• Decreasing levels of serum NSE but not S-100B over time may indicate selective attenuation of delayed neuronal death by therapeutic hypothermia in victims of cardiac arrest (PMID:14631087)
• enzyme has been purified, crystallized and its crystal structure determined. (PMID:15289101)
• NSE increases to similar degrees with and without traumatic brain injury (PMID:16044081)
• The crystal structure of the human neuronal enolase-Mg2F2P(i) complex determined at 1.36 A resolution shows that the combination of anions effectively mimics an intermediate state in catalysis (PMID:16411755)
• Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) measurement has prognostic value in predicting outcomes in patients recovering from cardiopulmonary resuscitation following in-hospital cardiac arrest. (PMID:16978415)
• MS patients had a greater prevalence of positive T-cell proliferative responses to neuron-specific enolase [NSE], retinal arrestin, and beta-arrestin than healthy controls (p<0.0001). (PMID:17436063)
• There is complementarity in the combined detection of the level of TPS, NSE, CEA and beta(2)-MG. Their levels have close correlation with lung cancer, histological grades and lymphoid nodule metastasis. (PMID:17618570)
• Neuron-specific enolase is a relevant marker in investigation of the patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and associated tumors (PMID:18063947)
• Serum samples were investigated for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125 and MUC1, alpha-foetoprotein, neuron-specific enolase and CA19.9. (PMID:18609108)
• serum levels of neuron-specific enolase were decreased slightly during and after migraine bouts. (PMID:18783450)
• Levels of plasma S-100 beta and NSE cannot predict encephalopathy after orthotopic liver transplantation. (PMID:19220958)
• Early upregulation of neuron-specific enolase in children with head injury, correlates significantly with the severity of the head injury. (PMID:19221293)
• There are no differences in S100B and NSE levels between patients with ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage. (PMID:19221847)
• The timing, intensity, and duration of serum NSE and S-100B biomarker concentration patterns are associated with neurologic and survival outcomes following pediatric cardiac arrest. (PMID:19307814)
• This protein has been found differentially expressed in the Wernicke’s Area from patients with schizophrenia. (PMID:19405953)
• Data demonstrated the increasing expression of NSE and the decreasing expression of nestin, which revealed that hMSCs had neuronal characteristics. (PMID:19445653)
• Jugular venous neurone specific enolase (NSE) increases following carotid endarterectomy under general, but not local, anaesthesia. (PMID:19540138)
• serum levels of S100B may be a marker for brain functional condition and serum NSE levels may be a marker for morphological status in Alzheimer’s disease (PMID:20105309)
• This enzyme, synthesized by neurons and neuroendocrine cells, is a marker useful for the diagnosis and the monitoring of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. (PMID:20348052)
• This protein has been found differentially expressed in the anterior cingulate cortex in women patients with schizophrenia. (PMID:20381070)
• the concentration of neurospecific enolase was changed depending on the character of perinatal injury of central nervous system. (PMID:20495226)
• The serum level of NSE at relapse is a useful predictive marker for CR to salvage chemotherapy. (PMID:20537424)
• Study of development of secondary injuries following traumatic brain injury includes measurement of release of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B into the cerebrospinal fluid and blood. (PMID:20686797)
• In nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, the concentration of NSE showed an 18-fold increase in the tear fluid and the content of its autoantibodies remained unchanged. (PMID:20873151)
• Autoantibodies targeting NSE were not observed in any healthy control subjects or patients with inflammatory eye disease. However, anti-NSE activity was found in 1 child with molecularly confirmed Leber congenital amaurosis. (PMID:21149784)
• Studies of pancreatic tissue specimens from adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus showed no immunopositive reaction to neuron-specific enolase in insulin-negative specimens (PMID:21165441)
• The findings of increased ictal serum S100B and NSE levels together with increased interictal levels of S100B suggested that migraine might be associated with glial and/or neuronal damage in the brain. (PMID:21293918)
• Brain-specific gamma1-syntrophin participates in gamma-enolase translocation towards the plasma membrane, a pre-requisite for its neurotrophic activity. (PMID:21358174)
• The relationship of clinical outcome with cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in patients with severe traumatic brain injury was investigated (PMID:21368691)
• The increased level of serum S100beta and NSE may be one of the mechanisms of brain damage and memory impairment in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. (PMID:21553520)
• Neuron-specific enolase levels were not significantly different in off-pump coronary artery bypass patients with/without intracranial and cervical artery stenosis. (PMID:21587126)
• NSE correlates well with other markers of ischemic brain injury. (PMID:21775743)
• Serum NSE may be a novel marker of disease aggressiveness as well as a prognostic factor for DLBCL in the era of rituximab. (PMID:21815777)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	eno2	ENSDARG00000014287
mus_musculus	Eno2	ENSMUSG00000004267
rattus_norvegicus	Eno2	ENSRNOG00000013141
drosophila_melanogaster	Eno	FBGN0000579
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00011884

Paralogs (3): ENO1 (ENSG00000074800), ENO3 (ENSG00000108515), ENO4 (ENSG00000188316)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:95394) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 1 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
prolonged QRS complex duration	1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	P0CX10	100.0%	Diamond
Alligator mississippiensis	P42897	100.0%	Diamond
Populus euphratica	P84541	100.0%	Diamond
Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Q8IJN7	100.0%	Diamond
Plasmodium falciparum NF54	W7JLR6	100.0%	Diamond
Plasmodium falciparum	Q27727	99.8%	Diamond
Pongo abelii	Q5R6Y1	99.8%	Diamond
Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3/Gambia	Q9UAL5	99.8%	Diamond
Macaca fascicularis	Q4R5L2	99.5%	Diamond
Oryctolagus cuniculus	P25704	98.8%	Diamond
Bos taurus	Q3ZC09	98.8%	Diamond
Sus scrofa	Q1KYT0	98.4%	Diamond
Plasmodium berghei ANKA	A0A509AQ68	97.5%	Diamond
Plasmodium yoelii yoelii	Q7RA60	97.5%	Diamond
Hevea brasiliensis	Q9LEI9	97.5%	Diamond
Anas platyrhynchos	P19140	97.2%	Diamond
Gallus gallus	P51913	97.2%	Diamond
Zea mays	P42895	95.7%	Diamond
Oryza sativa Japonica Group	Q42971	95.7%	Diamond
Ricinus communis	P42896	95.1%	Diamond
Trachemys scripta elegans	Q9W7L1	94.7%	Diamond
Aspergillus fumigatus Af293	Q96X30	94.3%	Diamond
Penicillium citrinum	Q96X46	94.3%	Diamond
Python regius	Q9W7L0	94.0%	Diamond
Sceloporus undulatus	Q9W7L2	94.0%	Diamond
Aspergillus oryzae RIB40	Q12560	93.8%	Diamond
Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4	Q5B135	93.8%	Diamond
Penicillium chrysogenum	Q76KF9	93.8%	Diamond
Nakaseomyces glabratus CBS 138	Q6FQY4	93.1%	Diamond
Xenopus laevis	P08734	91.2%	Diamond
Arabidopsis thaliana	P25696	90.1%	Diamond
Solanum lycopersicum	P26300	90.1%	Diamond
Cladosporium herbarum	P42040	89.8%	Diamond
Alternaria alternata	Q9HDT3	89.8%	Diamond
Cryphonectria parasitica	Q6RG04	89.5%	Diamond
Neurospora crassa OR74A	Q7RV85	89.5%	Diamond
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum	Q43130	89.2%	Diamond
Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL Y-1140	Q70CP7	89.2%	Diamond
Eremothecium gossypii ATCC 10895	Q756H2	89.2%	Diamond
Thunnus albacares	I0J1J1	89.1%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
C12orf57	protein-coding	113246
ATN1	protein-coding	1822
PTPN6	protein-coding	5777
LRRC23	protein-coding	10233
TPI1	protein-coding	7167
USP5	protein-coding	8078
SPSB2	protein-coding	84727
RNU7-1	snRNA	100147744

Protein

Protein identifiers

Gamma-enolase — P09104 (reviewed: P09104)

Alternative names: 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase, Enolase 2, Neural enolase, Neuron-specific enolase

All UniProt accessions (6): F5H0C8, F5H1C3, P09104, Q6FHV6, U3KQP4, U3KQQ1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Enolase that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in glycolysis and the reverse reaction in gluconeogenesis. Has neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. Binds, in a calcium-dependent manner, to cultured neocortical neurons and promotes cell survival.

Subunit / interactions. Mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits, alpha, beta and gamma, which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type and development-specific.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. The alpha/alpha homodimer is expressed in embryo and in most adult tissues. The alpha/beta heterodimer and the beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle, and the alpha/gamma heterodimer and the gamma/gamma homodimer in neurons.

Cofactor. Mg(2+) is required for catalysis and for stabilizing the dimer.

Induction. Levels of ENO2 increase dramatically in cardiovascular accidents, cerebral trauma, brain tumors and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. (Microbial infection) Activated by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL38 in order to provide the virus with glycosyl building blocks.

Pathway. Carbohydrate degradation; glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate: step 4/5.

Similarity. Belongs to the enolase family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P09104-1	1	yes
P09104-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001966* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000941	Enolase	Family
IPR020809	Enolase_CS	Conserved_site
IPR020810	Enolase_C	Domain
IPR020811	Enolase_N	Domain
IPR029017	Enolase-like_N	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036849	Enolase-like_C_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00113, PF03952

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

• EC 4.2.1.11 — phosphopyruvate hydratase (BRENDA: 121 organisms, 78 substrates, 91 inhibitors, 111 Km, 13 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

4 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 4. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
2-PHOSPHO-D-GLYCERATE	0.025–6.053	70
PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE	0.07–43	31
(25R)-3BETA-HYDROXYCHOLEST-5-EN-27-OATE	0.041–0.25	2
3-PHOSPHO-D-GLYCERATE	0.39–1.281	2

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• (2R)-2-phosphoglycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O (RHEA:10164)

UniProt features (93 total): modified residue 24, helix 23, strand 16, binding site 13, turn 5, sequence conflict 4, active site 2, sequence variant 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, cross-link 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

16 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
2AKZ	Fluoride Inhibition of Enolase: Crystal Structure of the Inhibitory Complex	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.36
3UJR	Asymmetric complex of human neuron specific enolase-5-PGA/PEP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.4
3UCD	Asymmetric complex of human neuron specific enolase-2-PGA/PEP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.41
3UCC	Asymmetric complex of human neuron specific enolase-1-PGA/PEP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.5
3UJE	Asymmetric complex of human neuron specific enolase-3-PGA/PEP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.55
3UJS	Asymmetric complex of human neuron specific enolase-6-PGA/PEP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.65
1TE6	Crystal Structure of Human Neuron Specific Enolase at 1.8 angstrom	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8
2AKM	Fluoride Inhibition of Enolase: Crystal Structure of the Inhibitory Complex	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.92
4ZCW	Structure of Human Enolase 2 in complex with SF2312	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.99
5EU9	Structure of Human Enolase 2 in complex with …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.05
3UJF	Asymmetric complex of human neuron specific enolase-4-PGA/PEP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
7MBH	Structure of Human Enolase 2 in complex with phosphoserine	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
4ZA0	Structure of Human Enolase 2 in complex with Phosphonoacetohydroxamate	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.31
5TD9	Structure of Human Enolase 2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.32
5IDZ	Structure of Human Enolase 2 in complex with …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.63
5TIJ	Structure of Human Enolase 2 with …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.63

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P09104-F1	97.14	0.97

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Lyases, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Plasma proteins, Cancer-related genes, Candidate cancer biomarkers, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): cytosol; plasma membrane

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH enhanced · IF enhanced

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (2)

Position	Role
210	proton donor
343	proton acceptor

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (13)

Position	Role
293	Mg(2+)
293	substrate
318	Mg(2+)
318	substrate
370–373	substrate
394	substrate
40	Mg(2+)
158	substrate
167	substrate
245	Mg(2+)

Post-translational modifications (25)

Type	Positions
N-acetylserine	2
N6-acetyllysine	5, 60, 64, 89, 193, 197, 199, 202, 228, 233, 256, 335, 343, 406
Phosphothreonine	26
Phosphotyrosine	44, 287
N6-succinyllysine	60, 89, 228
N6-(2-hydroxyisobutyryl)lysine	233
Phosphoserine	263, 291
Glycyl lysine isopeptide (lys-gly) (interchain with g-cter in sumo2)	202

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 curated (TAS) of 5; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

5 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-70263	Gluconeogenesis	curated
R-HSA-70171	Glycolysis	curated
R-HSA-70326	Glucose metabolism	—
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism	—
R-HSA-71387	Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives	—

MSigDB gene sets: 345 (showing top): GSE37336_LY6C_POS_VS_NEG_NAIVE_CD4_TCELL_UP, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_DIPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, MODY_HIPPOCAMPUS_POSTNATAL, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_UP, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ESTRADIOL, KAAB_HEART_ATRIUM_VS_VENTRICLE_UP, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_DN, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_DN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, MENSE_HYPOXIA_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOCC_CELL_SURFACE, GOBP_MONOSACCHARIDE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, MITSIADES_RESPONSE_TO_APLIDIN_DN

GO Biological Process (5): gluconeogenesis (GO:0006094), glycolytic process (GO:0006096), response to xenobiotic stimulus (GO:0009410), response to estradiol (GO:0032355), canonical glycolysis (GO:0061621)

GO Molecular Function (8): magnesium ion binding (GO:0000287), phosphopyruvate hydratase activity (GO:0004634), enzyme binding (GO:0019899), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein-containing complex binding (GO:0044877), protein binding (GO:0005515), lyase activity (GO:0016829), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (14): phosphopyruvate hydratase complex (GO:0000015), photoreceptor inner segment (GO:0001917), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cell cortex (GO:0005938), cell surface (GO:0009986), membrane (GO:0016020), growth cone (GO:0030426), perikaryon (GO:0043204), membrane raft (GO:0045121), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), synaptic membrane (GO:0097060), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), neuronal cell body (GO:0043025)

Reactome top-level categories

3 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Glucose metabolism	2
Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives	1
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

44 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	6
protein binding	2
binding	2
cytoplasm	2
cell periphery	2
glucose metabolic process	1
hexose biosynthetic process	1
phosphoglycerate kinase activity	1
phosphoglycerate mutase activity	1
phosphopyruvate hydratase activity	1
pyruvate kinase activity	1
pyruvate metabolic process	1
generation of precursor metabolites and energy	1
aerobic respiration	1
carbohydrate catabolic process	1
pyridine nucleotide catabolic process	1
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating, [NAD(P)+] ) activity	1
ADP catabolic process	1
ATP metabolic process	1
nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process	1
response to chemical	1
response to lipid	1
response to oxygen-containing compound	1
glucokinase activity	1
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	1
glucose catabolic process	1
glycolytic process through glucose-6-phosphate	1
metal ion binding	1
hydro-lyase activity	1
catalytic activity	1
cation binding	1
cytosol	1
catalytic complex	1
membrane	1
site of polarized growth	1
distal axon	1
neuronal cell body	1
membrane microdomain	1
extracellular vesicle	1
synapse	1
plasma membrane region	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
somatodendritic compartment	1
cell body	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 4 of 28 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

4 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
cytosol	CC	direct assay
extracellular exosome	CC	high-throughput assay
membrane	CC	direct assay
plasma membrane	CC	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 3,980 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ENO2	CHGA	P10645	937
ENO2	SYP	P08247	883
ENO2	S100B	P04271	881
ENO2	CEACAM5	P06731	880
ENO2	UCHL1	P09936	801
ENO2	GRP	P07491	798
ENO2	CD99	P14209	777
ENO2	NCAM1	P13591	759
ENO2	CD99L2	Q8TCZ2	752
ENO2	KRT19	P08727	751
ENO2	GFAP	P14136	719
ENO2	KRT20	P35900	716
ENO2	AFP	P02771	716
ENO2	KRT7	P08729	715
ENO2	NEFL	P07196	715

IntAct

Human interaction partners of ENO2 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

23 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
ENO1	association	0.710	5
TINF2	physical association	0.510	2
ACD	physical association	0.370	1
AKT1	physical association	0.370	1
POT1	physical association	0.370	1
TERF1	physical association	0.370	1
ANXA11	physical association	0.000	1
BMERB1	physical association	0.000	1
C6orf47	physical association	0.000	1
ENSA	physical association	0.000	1
HABP4	physical association	0.000	1
HK1	physical association	0.000	1
HSF1	physical association	0.000	1
IL17B	physical association	0.000	1
MAP4	physical association	0.000	1
MTNR1A	physical association	0.000	1
NAT9	physical association	0.000	1
NDUFS7	physical association	0.000	1
SIGIRR	physical association	0.000	1
SNUPN	physical association	0.000	1
ST3GAL2	physical association	0.000	1
TUBA4A	physical association	0.000	1
UBE2C	physical association	0.000	1

BioGRID (193 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): ENO1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 14 records), ENO3 (Affinity Capture-MS; 7 records), AKT1 (Two-hybrid; 2 records), ARHGDIA (Co-fractionation; 2 records), CAND1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), EZR (Co-fractionation; 2 records), FSCN1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), MAPT (Proximity Label-MS; 2 records), A2M (Two-hybrid), AADAT (Co-fractionation), ACD (Two-hybrid), ACOX1 (Co-fractionation), AGO2 (Affinity Capture-RNA), AHCY (Affinity Capture-MS), AKR1B1 (Co-fractionation)

SIGNOR signaling

2 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
ENO2	“up-regulates quantity”	phosphonatoenolpyruvate	“chemical modification”
ENO2	“down-regulates quantity”	2-phosphonato-D-glycerate(3-)	“chemical modification”

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for ENO2: 54 ClinVar records (1 pathogenic / likely pathogenic). Per-variant detail is on Sugi Variant.

ClinVar

54 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	40
Likely benign	2
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Showing all 1 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic ClinVar records, ranked by ClinVar review status (expert panel → multiple submitters → single submitter), then by number of submitting labs.

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification	Review	Submitters
2445417	GRCh37/hg19 12p13.33-11.1(chr12:176047-34179852)x4	Pathogenic	no assertion criteria provided	1

Per-variant reference — Sugi Variant

Explore ENO2’s pathogenic and likely-pathogenic variants individually — each with its ClinVar classification and conditions, applied ACMG criteria (ClinGen expert panel, where curated), the calibrated in-silico predictors (AlphaMissense, REVEL, SaProt, conservation), gnomAD frequency, and the predictor-disagreement QC signal — on Sugi Variant.

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 21 predictions of 988):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
12:6915812–6915814	acceptor_gain	1.0000	2
12:6915817	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6915918–6915919	donor_loss	1.0000	3
12:6916415–6916416	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
12:6916513	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6916726	donor_gain	1.0000
12:6916804	donor_gain	1.0000
12:6917930	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6917938–6917939	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
12:6918098	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1,656 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 2,831 scored), across 350 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
M169	9	0.927	0.992
M368	9	0.882	0.992
H158	8	0.999	1.000
D245	8	0.999	1.000
D318	8	0.999	1.000
D319	8	0.998	1.000
D294	8	0.997	0.999
D13	8	0.996	0.999
H371	8	0.996	0.999
D209	8	0.995	0.999
S370	8	0.994	1.000
D91	8	0.992	0.998
D378	8	0.984	0.998
N345	8	0.977	0.999
D383	8	0.976	0.997
D98	8	0.975	0.994
F213	8	0.973	0.999
S37	8	0.970	0.999
D51	8	0.960	0.991
N154	8	0.956	1.000

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

4 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	0.00062
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (validation)	unfavorable	0.000628
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	0.00065
Glioblastoma Multiforme (TCGA)	unfavorable	0.000952

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:131360 | disease phenotypes:

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

2 measured of 2 human assays (2 total across all organisms); most potent 2 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
SF2312	IC50	37.9 nM
phosphonoacetohydroxamate (PhAH)	IC50	51 nM

PubChem BioAssay actives

2 with measured affinity, of 2 total; 2 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
[(3S,5S)-1,5-dihydroxy-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]phosphonic acid	1802194: Enolase Enzymatic Assays from Article 10.1038/nchembio.2195: “SF2312 is a natural phosphonate inhibitor of enolase.”	ic50	0.0425	uM
[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]phosphonic acid	1802194: Enolase Enzymatic Assays from Article 10.1038/nchembio.2195: “SF2312 is a natural phosphonate inhibitor of enolase.”	ic50	0.0623	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

133 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression, increases expression	7
Oxygen	decreases reaction, increases expression	5
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression	4
cobaltous chloride	increases expression, decreases reaction	4
Cisplatin	affects expression, increases expression	4
bisphenol A	decreases expression, increases expression	3
bisphenol S	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, increases methylation	3
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	3
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
nickel chloride	increases expression	2
deguelin	decreases expression, decreases secretion	2
Decitabine	affects expression, affects cotreatment	2
Vorinostat	affects cotreatment, affects expression, decreases expression	2
Ethanol	decreases expression	2
Cocaine	increases expression, decreases expression	2
Doxorubicin	affects expression, decreases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	2
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Particulate Matter	increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression, increases expression	1
abemaciclib	increases expression	1
1-cyclopropyl-4-(4-((5-methyl-3-(3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)pyridin-2-yl)piperazine	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
GSK-J4	increases expression	1
sotorasib	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA)	increases expression	1
tungsten carbide	affects binding, increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_E1G6	Abcam Jurkat ENO2 KO	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

51 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02562170	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Protexa® Versus TiLoopBra® in Immediate Breast Reconstruction- A Pilot Study
NCT00673335	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Letrozole in Preventing Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women With a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation
NCT00685256	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Standard Genetic Counseling With or Without a Decision Guide in Improving Communication Between Mothers Undergoing BRCA1/2 Testing and Their Minor-Age Children
NCT03162276	Phase 3	UNKNOWN	Trial of Inquiry Based Stress Reduction (IBSR) Program for BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
NCT00253539	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Arzoxifene or Tamoxifen in Preventing Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer
NCT00305695	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Zoledronate or Observation in Maintaining Bone Mineral Density in Patients Who Are Undergoing Surgery to Remove Both Ovaries
NCT00321633	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Carboplatin or Docetaxel in Treating Women With Metastatic Genetic Breast Cancer
NCT01333748	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Search Allelic Imbalance of Expression of BRCA Genes in Hereditary Risk of Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer
NCT01367639	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Trial of Inquiry Based Stress Reduction (IBSR) Program for BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
NCT00535119	Phase 1	COMPLETED	Veliparib, Carboplatin, and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Cancer
NCT00892736	Phase 1	COMPLETED	Veliparib in Treating Patients With Malignant Solid Tumors That Do Not Respond to Previous Therapy
NCT03832985	Early Phase 1	COMPLETED	Pediatric Reporting of Adult-Onset Genomic Results
NCT00005095	Not specified	RECRUITING	Specimen and Data Study for Ovarian Cancer Early Detection and Prevention
NCT00609505	Not specified	COMPLETED	Telemedicine vs. Face-to-Face Cancer Genetic Counseling
NCT01273909	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Outcomes After Perforator Flap Reconstruction for Breast Reconstruction and/or Lymphedema Treatment
NCT01445275	Not specified	WITHDRAWN	Cost of Cancer Risk Management in Women at Elevated Genetic Risk for Ovarian Cancer Who Participated on GOG-0199
NCT01608074	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Radical Fimbriectomy for Young BRCA Mutation Carriers
NCT02087592	Not specified	COMPLETED	Feasibility of Lifestyle Intervention in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
NCT02302742	Not specified	RECRUITING	Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Germline Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Mutation Carrier Registry
NCT02324062	Not specified	COMPLETED	Cancer Genetics Hereditary Cancer Panel Testing
NCT02516540	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Efficacy of Lifestyle Intervention in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
NCT02653105	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Women at Risk of Breast Cancer and OLFM4
NCT02705924	Not specified	TERMINATED	Impact of a Psychoeducational Intervention on Expectations and Coping in Young Women Exposed to a High HBOC Risk
NCT02760849	Not specified	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Surgery in Preventing Ovarian Cancer in Patients With Genetic Mutations
NCT02786147	Not specified	COMPLETED	Identification and Referral of Women at Risk for Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer
NCT02956681	Not specified	COMPLETED	Statewide Communication to Reach Diverse Low Income Women
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