ENPP4

Summary

ENPP4 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 4, HGNC:3359) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p21.1, encoding Bis(5’-adenosyl)-triphosphatase ENPP4 (Q9Y6X5). Hydrolyzes extracellular Ap3A into AMP and ADP, and Ap4A into AMP and ATP.

Enables bis(5’-adenosyl)-triphosphatase activity. Involved in positive regulation of blood coagulation and purine ribonucleoside catabolic process. Located in extracellular exosome and membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 22875 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 73 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_014936

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:3359
Approved symbol	ENPP4
Name	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 4
Location	6p21.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	NPP4, KIAA0879, AP3Aase
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000001561
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	617000
Entrez	22875

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 5 protein_coding

ENST00000321037, ENST00000859799, ENST00000962953, ENST00000962954, ENST00000962955

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_014936 NM_014936

CCDS: CCDS34468

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000321037 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000754692	46141052	46141222
ENSE00001242068	46139551	46140409
ENSE00001455147	46129989	46130189
ENSE00001754265	46143276	46146688

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 280 present calls, max score 95.50.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.7488 / max 358.5780, expressed in 1295 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
68124	4.8777	1090
68125	4.1343	1019
68123	3.6412	938
68122	0.9556	429
68127	0.8998	391
68126	0.2402	117

Top tissues by expression

293 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	95.50	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	94.89	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	94.48	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	94.45	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	94.04	gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglion	UBERON:0005363	93.99	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	93.51	gold quality
subthalamic nucleus	UBERON:0001906	93.47	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	93.00	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	92.99	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	92.71	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	92.52	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	92.04	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	91.88	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	91.64	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	91.27	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	91.11	gold quality
globus pallidus	UBERON:0001875	91.06	gold quality
medulla oblongata	UBERON:0001896	90.82	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	90.78	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	90.75	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	90.74	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	90.70	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	90.64	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	90.54	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	90.46	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	89.83	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	89.70	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	89.63	gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamus	UBERON:0001897	89.44	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	16.64

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

145 targeting ENPP4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-5692B	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-5692C	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-513B-5P	99.99	69.96	2150
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-499A-5P	99.98	70.79	1323
HSA-MIR-4482-3P	99.98	72.50	3147
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817
HSA-MIR-302C-5P	99.97	72.56	3642
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504
HSA-MIR-495-3P	99.96	72.81	4197
HSA-MIR-9-3P	99.96	70.88	2068
HSA-MIR-3910	99.95	71.13	2227

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• NPP4 promotes hemostasis in vivo by augmenting ADP-mediated platelet aggregation at the site of vascular injury. (PMID:22995898)
• The combined studies expand our understanding of NPP1 and NPP4 substrate specificity and range and provide a rational mechanism by which polymorphisms in NPP1 confer stroke resistance. (PMID:24338010)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	enpp4	ENSDARG00000006877
mus_musculus	Enpp4	ENSMUSG00000023961
rattus_norvegicus	Enpp4	ENSRNOG00000010174
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00007753
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00007755
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00015283

Paralogs (6): ENPP5 (ENSG00000112796), ENPP2 (ENSG00000136960), ENPP3 (ENSG00000154269), ENPP6 (ENSG00000164303), ENPP7 (ENSG00000182156), ENPP1 (ENSG00000197594)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Bis(5’-adenosyl)-triphosphatase ENPP4 — Q9Y6X5 (reviewed: Q9Y6X5)

Alternative names: AP3A hydrolase, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 4

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9Y6X5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Hydrolyzes extracellular Ap3A into AMP and ADP, and Ap4A into AMP and ATP. Ap3A and Ap4A are diadenosine polyphosphates thought to induce proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Acts as a procoagulant, mediating platelet aggregation at the site of nascent thrombus via release of ADP from Ap3A and activation of ADP receptors.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Expressed on the surface of vascular endothelia.

Cofactor. Binds 2 Zn(2+) ions per subunit.

Similarity. Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_055751* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002591	Phosphodiest/P_Trfase	Family
IPR017850	Alkaline_phosphatase_core_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF01663

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 3.6.1.17 — bis(5’-nucleosyl)-tetraphosphatase (asymmetrical) (BRENDA: 21 organisms, 54 substrates, 68 inhibitors, 70 Km, 50 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

21 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
AP4A	0.0041–10	28
P1,P4-BIS(5’-ADENOSYL) TETRAPHOSPHATE	0.0007–0.054	8
DIADENOSINE 5’,5’’-P1,P4-TETRAPHOSPHATE	0.005–0.407	6
P1,P4-BIS(5’-GUANOSYL) TETRAPHOSPHATE	0.001–1.03	4
5’,5’’-DIADENOSINE TETRAPHOSPHATE	0.0006–0.003	3
5’,5’-DIADENOSINE TETRAPHOSPHATE	0.009–0.012	2
DIADENOSINE 5’,5’-P1,P4-TETRAPHOSPHATE	0.002–0.0025	2
P1,P4-BIS(5’-URIDYL) TETRAPHOSPHATE	0.01–0.011	2
P1,P4-BIS(5’-XANTHOSYL) TETRAPHOSPHATE	0.016–0.018	2
2-OXO-DATP	0.3846	1
5’,5’-DIADENOSINE HEXAPHOSPHATE	0.015	1
8-OXO-DGTP	0.0986	1
AP5A	0.098	1
AP6A	0.04	1
DATP	0.1143	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• P(1),P(3)-bis(5’-adenosyl) triphosphate + H2O = AMP + ADP + 2 H(+) (RHEA:13893)

UniProt features (64 total): helix 18, strand 16, binding site 10, glycosylation site 4, turn 4, sequence variant 3, topological domain 2, disulfide bond 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, sequence conflict 1, transmembrane region 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
4LR2	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.5
4LQY	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.54

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9Y6X5-F1	92.49	0.87

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 70 (amp-threonine intermediate)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (10): 189; 189; 193; 237; 238; 336; 34; 70; 91; 154

Disulfide bonds (2): 254–287, 394–401

Glycosylation sites (4): 155, 166, 276, 386

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6798695	Neutrophil degranulation

MSigDB gene sets: 210 (showing top): GSE45365_HEALTHY_VS_MCMV_INFECTION_CD8_TCELL_IFNAR_KO_UP, GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_MCMV_INFECTION_DN, LEE_NEURAL_CREST_STEM_CELL_DN, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_WOUND_HEALING, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_COAGULATION, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_COAGULATION, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOBASE_CONTAINING_SMALL_MOLECULE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_WOUND_HEALING, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RESPONSE_TO_WOUNDING, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RESPONSE_TO_STRESS, AAAGACA_MIR511

GO Biological Process (4): blood coagulation (GO:0007596), positive regulation of blood coagulation (GO:0030194), purine ribonucleoside catabolic process (GO:0046130), hemostasis (GO:0007599)

GO Molecular Function (4): metal ion binding (GO:0046872), bis(5’-adenosyl)-triphosphatase activity (GO:0047710), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (4): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), ficolin-1-rich granule membrane (GO:0101003)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Innate Immune System	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
hemostasis	1
wound healing	1
coagulation	1
blood coagulation	1
regulation of blood coagulation	1
positive regulation of coagulation	1
positive regulation of wound healing	1
positive regulation of hemostasis	1
purine nucleoside catabolic process	1
ribonucleoside catabolic process	1
purine ribonucleoside metabolic process	1
regulation of body fluid levels	1
cation binding	1
pyrophosphatase activity	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
extracellular vesicle	1
secretory granule membrane	1
tertiary granule	1
ficolin-1-rich granule	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

794 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
ENPP4	ZNF883	P0CG24	581
ENPP4	AK6	Q9Y3D8	450
ENPP4	GDPD1	Q8N9F7	403
ENPP4	GDPD3	Q7L5L3	383
ENPP4	ENTPD7	Q9NQZ7	376
ENPP4	ENTPD4	Q9Y227	347
ENPP4	GNG13	Q9P2W3	342
ENPP4	TUFT1	Q9NNX1	342
ENPP4	OTOR	Q9NRC9	337
ENPP4	RARS2	Q5T160	337
ENPP4	B3GLCT	Q6Y288	336
ENPP4	FKBP7	Q9Y680	334
ENPP4	NME8	Q8N427	333
ENPP4	GAL3ST1	Q99999	330
ENPP4	CLIC5	Q9NZA1	329
ENPP4	ENTPD6	O75354	329

IntAct

40 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TMBIM6	ENPP4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TMEM147	ENPP4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LPAR1	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
IPPK	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SOX2	PDLIM1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LPAR1	TMEM120B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ANKH	FAM234B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FBXO2	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LGALS3	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CLGN	NPC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LGALS8	SLC22A23	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LGALS9	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LGALS3	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IL17RC	C2CD2L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LMAN2L	ACP2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ARHGAP18	CLTB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CANX	HLA-A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CLTA	CLTB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LAMP1	DST	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RAB14	TSPAN6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
STX12	SCAMP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
VAMP3	SCAMP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (49): ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Synthetic Lethality), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ENPP4 (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM147 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A2D0TC04, A2VDP5, B0BND0, F1N5C8, J3SBP3, J3SEZ3, O14638, O62806, O94323, P06802, P0DQQ4, P23188, P23377, P29119, P54793, P70699, P84039, P97675, Q0VA77, Q29444, Q32KH8, Q4FZV0, Q566N0, Q58D68, Q5BKW7, Q5FYA8, Q5R5M5, Q5RAC0, Q5RB45, Q6AX80, Q6DDP3, Q6DYE8, Q6P179, Q6P7A9, Q6UVY6, Q6UWR7, Q8BGN3, Q8BTJ4, Q8C129, Q8IVL8

Diamond homologs: A0A2D0TC04, A1A4K5, A2VDP5, J3SBP3, J3SEZ3, O14638, O94323, P06802, P0DQQ4, P15396, P22413, P84039, P97675, Q0VA77, Q13822, Q3TIW9, Q566N0, Q5EZ72, Q5R5M5, Q5RAC0, Q64610, Q6AX80, Q6DYE8, Q6UWV6, Q8BTJ4, Q924C3, Q9EQG7, Q9R1E6, Q9UJA9, Q9Y6X5, W8E7D1, P90754, A1YYW7, B0BND0, F1N5C8, P90755, Q58D68, Q5BKW7, Q5RB45, Q6DDP3

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

73 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	65
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

412 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:46130185:GGCTG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46130186:GCTG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46130186:GCTGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46130188:TGGTG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46130190:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46130191:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46130194:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46141050:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46141051:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46141051:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46141051:GATA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46141218:AAAAT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46141219:AAAT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46141220:AAT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46141220:AATGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46141221:AT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46141221:ATGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46141222:TG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46141223:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
6:46141223:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46141224:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:46143275:GTA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:46130188:TG:T	donor_gain	0.9900
6:46130189:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
6:46140406:ATAA:A	donor_gain	0.9900
6:46140407:TAA:T	donor_gain	0.9900
6:46140410:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
6:46141048:TCA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
6:46141050:AGATA:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
6:46143274:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

3035 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:46140289:A:C	S236R	0.998
6:46140291:T:A	S236R	0.998
6:46140291:T:G	S236R	0.998
6:46139989:T:A	W136R	0.997
6:46139989:T:C	W136R	0.997
6:46139809:A:C	S76R	0.996
6:46139811:T:A	S76R	0.996
6:46139811:T:G	S76R	0.996
6:46140290:G:T	S236I	0.995
6:46143330:C:A	A351D	0.995
6:46139941:T:A	W120R	0.994
6:46139941:T:C	W120R	0.994
6:46140293:A:T	D237V	0.994
6:46140298:G:T	G239W	0.992
6:46139991:G:C	W136C	0.990
6:46139991:G:T	W136C	0.990
6:46140292:G:C	D237H	0.990
6:46140293:A:C	D237A	0.990
6:46143329:G:C	A351P	0.990
6:46139677:T:C	S32P	0.989
6:46139684:A:T	D34V	0.989
6:46139822:G:A	G80D	0.989
6:46139851:G:C	A90P	0.989
6:46139943:G:C	W120C	0.989
6:46139943:G:T	W120C	0.989
6:46140296:A:C	H238P	0.989
6:46139685:T:A	D34E	0.988
6:46139685:T:G	D34E	0.988
6:46140294:T:A	D237E	0.988
6:46140294:T:G	D237E	0.988

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000520317 (6:46130321 C>T), RS1000645723 (6:46137007 G>A), RS1000758999 (6:46144195 A>G), RS1000883558 (6:46134270 C>G), RS1000891218 (6:46146302 A>G), RS1000991439 (6:46139128 C>G,T), RS1001036594 (6:46130114 C>A,T), RS1001323970 (6:46134064 C>A,T), RS1001434155 (6:46140756 T>C), RS1001488559 (6:46132832 A>T), RS1002089049 (6:46144353 TTCTC>T), RS1002309904 (6:46129182 T>C), RS1002374727 (6:46138006 A>G), RS1002440929 (6:46135220 A>G), RS1002458792 (6:46131559 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:617000 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004484_8	Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide levels	4.000000e-07
GCST007001_4	Cerebrospinal AB1-42 levels in normal cognition	7.000000e-07
GCST90002396_325	Mean reticulocyte volume	7.000000e-11
GCST90002397_147	Mean spheric corpuscular volume	6.000000e-11
GCST90002401_525	Platelet distribution width	8.000000e-10

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005691	plasma trimethylamine N-oxide measurement
EFO:0004670	beta-amyloid 1-42 measurement
EFO:0010701	mean reticulocyte volume
EFO:0007984	platelet component distribution width

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

39 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, increases expression	4
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	3
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Smoke	decreases expression	2
TAK-243	decreases sumoylation	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	increases methylation	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
manganese chloride	increases abundance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
potassium chromate(VI)	increases expression	1
nickel sulfate	decreases expression	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
entinostat	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
2,2’,4,4’,5-brominated diphenyl ether	increases expression	1
clothianidin	increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Temozolomide	decreases expression	1
Vorinostat	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.