FAM3B

Summary

FAM3B (FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule B, HGNC:1253) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 21q22.3, encoding Protein FAM3B (P58499). Induces apoptosis of alpha and beta cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Predicted to enable cytokine activity. Involved in insulin secretion. Located in extracellular exosome.

Source: NCBI Gene 54097 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 36 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 1
• MANE Select transcript: NM_058186

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:1253
Approved symbol	FAM3B
Name	FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule B
Location	21q22.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	D21M16SJHU19e, PRED44, 2-21, ORF9, C21orf76, PANDER
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000183844
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	608617
Entrez	54097

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 7 — 5 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000357985, ENST00000398646, ENST00000398647, ENST00000398652, ENST00000479810, ENST00000518236, ENST00000953958

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_058186 NM_058186, NM_206964

CCDS: CCDS13671, CCDS42930

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000357985 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001416667	41316801	41316898
ENSE00003481681	41347013	41347100
ENSE00003569115	41338378	41338501
ENSE00003578761	41345686	41345736
ENSE00003640536	41344476	41344534
ENSE00003669104	41348592	41348724
ENSE00003691429	41322923	41323066
ENSE00003893055	41357108	41357727

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 188 present calls, max score 99.31.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 2.2036 / max 380.9588, expressed in 208 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
189239	1.9016	192
189237	0.1555	41
189238	0.0644	23
189240	0.0347	8
189241	0.0240	9
189242	0.0128	9
189235	0.0105	4

Top tissues by expression

247 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	99.31	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	99.23	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	98.96	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	98.95	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	98.90	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	97.90	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	97.49	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	96.25	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	96.23	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	95.04	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	94.43	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	94.28	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	94.25	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	93.63	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	93.44	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	93.34	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	93.14	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	92.60	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	92.49	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	92.15	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	91.41	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	91.39	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	91.31	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	90.98	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	90.92	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	90.52	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	90.42	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	90.26	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	89.41	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	89.16	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 8 experiment(s), a significant marker in 7.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6701	yes	436.82
E-CURD-114	yes	189.50
E-GEOD-125970	yes	69.66
E-GEOD-81547	yes	19.28
E-HCAD-10	yes	17.64
E-HCAD-1	yes	10.43
E-GEOD-99795	no	28.53
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CREB1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

33 targeting FAM3B, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-4267	99.96	66.53	2368
HSA-MIR-3529-3P	99.90	73.55	3045
HSA-MIR-629-3P	99.85	67.99	1875
HSA-MIR-489-3P	99.80	66.46	839
HSA-MIR-204-5P	99.79	71.62	2439
HSA-MIR-211-5P	99.79	71.65	2440
HSA-MIR-6817-3P	99.79	68.35	2126
HSA-MIR-4713-5P	99.78	67.80	1794
HSA-MIR-6505-5P	99.73	69.25	1595
HSA-MIR-4755-5P	99.71	70.34	2716
HSA-MIR-5006-3P	99.71	70.26	2728
HSA-MIR-5004-3P	99.54	68.27	1371
HSA-MIR-6833-5P	99.50	68.93	1161
HSA-MIR-6853-3P	99.36	70.79	1558
HSA-MIR-12135	98.99	70.26	1814
HSA-MIR-219A-1-3P	98.91	67.87	639
HSA-MIR-3074-5P	98.82	66.56	1414
HSA-MIR-299-5P	98.56	71.14	1140
HSA-MIR-6837-3P	98.42	66.71	1149
HSA-MIR-3670	97.88	64.39	763
HSA-MIR-6893-3P	97.79	64.91	1238
HSA-MIR-4675	97.69	64.82	774
HSA-MIR-4741	97.69	64.14	883
HSA-MIR-510-5P	97.66	65.82	916
HSA-MIR-3620-5P	97.42	63.95	792
HSA-MIR-526B-5P	97.41	67.99	1074
HSA-MIR-335-5P	97.10	68.12	1022

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 17)

• Localized to the islets of Langerhans. (PMID:12160727)
• Helices B and C and the second disulfide bond of PANDER are essential for PANDER-induced beta-cell death. (PMID:16114871)
• PANDER is secreted from 2 types of pancreatic cells, glucose stimulates its secretion in beta cell and primary islets but not in alpha-cells, it is likely cosecreted with insulin, and structure and conformation is vital for PANDER secretion. (PMID:16249448)
• These results suggest that FAM3B-258 promotes colon cancer cell invasion and metastasis through upregulation of Slug. (PMID:23059759)
• our studies demonstrated that silencing FAM3B promoted p53 phosphorylation and induced p53 accumulation by decreasing Mdm2 expression, which resulted in apoptotic cell death. (PMID:23246487)
• It is an important regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism and plays a role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.(review) (PMID:23855304)
• beta-cell-secreted PANDER regulated the hepatic insulin and lipogenenic signaling and impact overall glycemia. (PMID:24468680)
• in-vitro and in-vivo glucose is a potent stimulator of the PANDER promoter within the liver and this response may be facilitated by ChREBP. (PMID:26123584)
• Circulating level of pancreatic-derived factor (PANDER) in relation to the accumulation in metabolic syndrome suggested that persons with elevated levels of PANDER were associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. (PMID:27181109)
• Data suggest that serum PANDER levels are significantly elevated in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes as compared to patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes and control subjects; serum PANDER levels vary according to degree of insulin resistance. (PMID:28161382)
• FAM3B overexpression contributes to increased resistance to cell death and tumor growth in nude mice. (PMID:29357840)
• Taken together, by activating pro-survival mechanisms FAM3B overexpression contributes to increased resistance to cell death and tumor growth in nude mice, highlighting a putative role for this cytokine in prostate cancer progression. (PMID:29357840)
• High FAM3B promotes progression of esophageal carcinoma via regulating the AKT-MDM2-p53 signalling axis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (PMID:30565387)
• Increased pancreatic-derived factor (PANDER) levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. (PMID:30982368)
• Upregulation of FAM3B Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Gastric Cancer by Inducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. (PMID:32442162)
• Identification of rare loss-of-function variants in FAM3B associated with non-syndromic orofacial clefts. (PMID:37105387)
• Loss of feedback regulation between FAM3B and androgen receptor driving prostate cancer progression. (PMID:37847647)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Fam3b	ENSMUSG00000022938
rattus_norvegicus	Fam3b	ENSRNOG00000001962
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00019786

Paralogs (3): FAM3A (ENSG00000071889), FAM3C (ENSG00000196937), FAM3D (ENSG00000198643)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Protein FAM3B — P58499 (reviewed: P58499)

Alternative names: Cytokine-like protein 2-21, Pancreatic-derived factor

All UniProt accessions (2): A8MTF8, P58499

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Induces apoptosis of alpha and beta cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in the pancreas. Also found in the colon, kidney, prostate, small intestine and testis.

Post-translational modifications. 2 N-termini have been observed in the mature protein: the first at Glu-30, resulting from signal peptide cleavage, the second at Ser-46. O-glycosylated.

Similarity. Belongs to the FAM3 family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P58499-1	B	yes
P58499-2	A
P58499-3	C

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_478066, NP_996847 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR039220	FAM3	Family
IPR039477	ILEI/PANDER_dom	Domain

Pfam: PF15711

UniProt features (10 total): glycosylation site 2, disulfide bond 2, splice variant 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, domain 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P58499-F1	93.27	0.80

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (2): 63–91, 69–229

Glycosylation sites (2): 120, 208

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 91 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_MCMV_INFECTION_UP, GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_UP, GOBP_INSULIN_SECRETION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HORMONE_LEVELS, GOBP_HORMONE_TRANSPORT, CHANDRAN_METASTASIS_DN, GOBP_CELL_CELL_SIGNALING, SENGUPTA_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, GOBP_SECRETION, GOBP_SIGNAL_RELEASE, SANSOM_APC_TARGETS_DN, GOMF_CYTOKINE_ACTIVITY, VECCHI_GASTRIC_CANCER_EARLY_DN, GOMF_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_BINDING, chr21q22

GO Biological Process (3): apoptotic process (GO:0006915), insulin secretion (GO:0030073), signal transduction (GO:0007165)

GO Molecular Function (3): cytokine activity (GO:0005125), carbohydrate binding (GO:0030246), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
binding	2
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
protein secretion	1
peptide hormone secretion	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
receptor ligand activity	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

444 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
FAM3B	CWC15	Q9P013	862
FAM3B	MPLKIP	Q8TAP9	784
FAM3B	CTTNBP2	Q8WZ74	771
FAM3B	ASZ1	Q8WWH4	697
FAM3B	RPGR	Q92834	693
FAM3B	DNAJC28	Q9NX36	662
FAM3B	SUGCT	Q9HAC7	609
FAM3B	MYOM2	P54296	554
FAM3B	FAM120C	Q9NX05	521
FAM3B	MAVS	Q7Z434	508
FAM3B	FUT3	P21217	476
FAM3B	SH2D3C	Q8N5H7	475
FAM3B	GYPC	P04921	452
FAM3B	SH2D3A	Q9BRG2	447
FAM3B	CBR1	P16152	432

IntAct

14 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
FUT3	FAM3B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
FAM3B	FUT3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
FAM3B	GLE1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FAM3B	LMNA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FAM3B	LRP5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MEP1B	FAM3B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
FAM3B	FUT3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (17): TM9SF4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ITPA (Affinity Capture-MS), C9orf89 (Affinity Capture-MS), GNPTAB (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP5 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANKRD46 (Affinity Capture-MS), CBWD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM3B (Synthetic Lethality), FAM3B (Two-hybrid), MTX2 (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP5 (Affinity Capture-MS), TM9SF4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ITPA (Affinity Capture-MS), C9orf89 (Affinity Capture-MS), FUT3 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A8I3NGV2, A2VE47, D3Z2R5, F1N2K1, O95479, P56201, P58499, Q08DJ7, Q09200, Q0VCN6, Q10468, Q1JPD2, Q2TBP8, Q32KV6, Q3SZL5, Q3U2U7, Q5R5N9, Q5VSG8, Q5XI31, Q5XIA1, Q5ZJH2, Q642A7, Q6MG55, Q6NZ07, Q6P1J0, Q6P6S4, Q6PBN5, Q6PD26, Q7TMC8, Q7Z3D6, Q86S40, Q8BXQ2, Q8CFX1, Q8JHZ8, Q8N0W3, Q8NHY0, Q8QZW3, Q8R553, Q8VCM8, Q8VDL4

Diamond homologs: A5PKI3, B0BLS9, P58499, P97805, P98173, Q5R5C3, Q6GQC1, Q7ZYY4, Q810F4, Q8BI06, Q8WUJ3, Q91VU0, Q92520, Q96BQ1, Q9D309, Q9D8T0, Q5EAB6, Q5RCB9, Q5XIN7, Q8WZA1, Q91X88, A3KPQ7

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

36 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	14
Likely benign	2
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
545244	NC_000021.9:g.(?38981673)(41568791_?)del	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1320 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
21:41316896:GTG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
21:41316898:GGTG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41323063:AAAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41323064:AAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41323067:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
21:41323068:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41338502:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
21:41347096:ACAAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41347097:CAAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41347098:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41347099:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41347100:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41347101:GTG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41347102:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
21:41348590:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
21:41348591:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
21:41357103:CACA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
21:41357104:ACAG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
21:41357105:C:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
21:41357105:CAGAT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
21:41357106:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
21:41357106:A:AT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
21:41357107:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
21:41316894:TGGTG:T	donor_gain	0.9900
21:41316895:GGTGG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
21:41316899:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
21:41322920:CAG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
21:41322921:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
21:41322921:A:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
21:41322921:AG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1549 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
21:41345718:T:C	F127L	0.995
21:41345720:T:A	F127L	0.995
21:41345720:T:G	F127L	0.995
21:41338401:T:A	C63S	0.994
21:41338402:G:C	C63S	0.994
21:41348632:A:C	S176R	0.994
21:41348634:T:A	S176R	0.994
21:41348634:T:G	S176R	0.994
21:41348668:T:A	W188R	0.994
21:41348668:T:C	W188R	0.994
21:41348670:G:C	W188C	0.994
21:41348670:G:T	W188C	0.994
21:41338440:T:G	Y76D	0.993
21:41338452:A:C	S80R	0.992
21:41338454:C:A	S80R	0.992
21:41338454:C:G	S80R	0.992
21:41338485:T:A	C91S	0.991
21:41338486:G:C	C91S	0.991
21:41344529:T:A	V114D	0.991
21:41344523:C:A	A112D	0.989
21:41348633:G:T	S176I	0.989
21:41348665:A:C	S187R	0.989
21:41348667:C:A	S187R	0.989
21:41348667:C:G	S187R	0.989
21:41348656:T:C	F184L	0.988
21:41348658:C:A	F184L	0.988
21:41348658:C:G	F184L	0.988
21:41344511:G:T	G108V	0.987
21:41348660:G:C	R185T	0.987
21:41357149:G:C	W220C	0.987

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000000431 (21:41321285 G>A), RS1000111401 (21:41344319 G>A), RS1000353278 (21:41349799 G>T), RS1000417134 (21:41343981 G>A,C), RS1000437671 (21:41304077 G>A), RS1000565673 (21:41342689 T>A), RS1000661373 (21:41311522 A>G,T), RS1000717129 (21:41345060 C>A,T), RS1000748560 (21:41345375 G>C), RS1000780328 (21:41335189 CT>C), RS1000872195 (21:41303807 G>A,C,T), RS1000961122 (21:41340860 T>A), RS1000996172 (21:41306031 G>A), RS1001086234 (21:41333492 G>A), RS1001117223 (21:41312135 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:608617 | disease phenotypes: MIM:209850

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): autism (MONDO:0005260)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

1 total (1 of 1 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000717	Autism

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001808_9	Tumor biomarkers	3.000000e-22
GCST002110_4	Glycemic traits (pregnancy)	6.000000e-16
GCST002485_2	Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels	2.000000e-08
GCST006585_2271	Blood protein levels	3.000000e-43
GCST012488_17	L1-L4 bone mineral density x serum urate levels interaction	8.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005127	cancer biomarker measurement
EFO:0005187	C-peptide measurement
EFO:0005760	serum carcinoembryonic antigen measurement
EFO:0004531	urate measurement
EFO:0007701	spine bone mineral density

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D001321	Autistic Disorder	F03.625.164.113.500

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

26 total (human), top 26 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases methylation	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	affects expression	1
terbufos	increases methylation	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
CGP 52608	increases reaction, affects binding	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	decreases methylation	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Azathioprine	decreases expression	1
Fonofos	increases methylation	1
Methapyrilene	increases methylation	1
Parathion	increases methylation	1
Quercetin	decreases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Asbestos, Serpentine	increases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00211796	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Divalproex Sodium ER in Adult Autism
NCT00391261	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT00409747	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Minocycline to Treat Childhood Regressive Autism
NCT00576732	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Two Doses of Risperidone in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Autistic Disorder
NCT00844753	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine, Placebo and Parent Management Training in Autism
NCT01028820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01098383	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Treatment With Acetyl-Choline Esterase Inhibitors in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01337700	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Milnacipran in Autism and the Functional Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Model of Autism
NCT01695200	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT02069977	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Aripiprazole
NCT02096952	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Methylphenidate ER Liquid Formulation in Adults With ASD and ADHD
NCT02199925	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of High-Dose Gammaplex in Children on the Autism Spectrum
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