FANCA

gene
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Also known as FAAFA-HFAH

Summary

FANCA (FA complementation group A, HGNC:3582) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16q24.3, encoding Fanconi anemia group A protein (O15360). DNA repair protein that may operate in a postreplication repair or a cell cycle checkpoint function. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 14.2% of cell lines).

The Fanconi anemia complementation group (FANC) currently includes FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1 (also called BRCA2), FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ (also called BRIP1), FANCL, FANCM and FANCN (also called PALB2). The previously defined group FANCH is the same as FANCA. Fanconi anemia is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder characterized by cytogenetic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, increased chromosomal breakage, and defective DNA repair. The members of the Fanconi anemia complementation group do not share sequence similarity; they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation group A. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Mutations in this gene are the most common cause of Fanconi anemia.

Source: NCBI Gene 2175 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): Fanconi anemia complementation group A (Definitive, ClinGen) — +1 more curated relationship
  • GWAS associations: 26
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 6,779 total — 746 pathogenic, 324 likely-pathogenic
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 130
  • Cancer driver (intOGen): activating (oncogene-like) across 1 cancer types
  • Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 14.2% of screened cell lines
  • Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency autosomal recessive, triplosensitivity no evidence
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_000135

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:3582
Approved symbolFANCA
NameFA complementation group A
Location16q24.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesFAA, FA-H, FAH
Ensembl geneENSG00000187741
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM607139
Entrez2175

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 47 — 21 nonsense_mediated_decay, 15 protein_coding, 9 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000305699, ENST00000389301, ENST00000389302, ENST00000534992, ENST00000543736, ENST00000561660, ENST00000561667, ENST00000561722, ENST00000562424, ENST00000563318, ENST00000563510, ENST00000563513, ENST00000563673, ENST00000563767, ENST00000564475, ENST00000564870, ENST00000564969, ENST00000565582, ENST00000566133, ENST00000566409, ENST00000566889, ENST00000567205, ENST00000567284, ENST00000567510, ENST00000567621, ENST00000567879, ENST00000567883, ENST00000567943, ENST00000567988, ENST00000568369, ENST00000568626, ENST00000568983, ENST00000696274, ENST00000696275, ENST00000696276, ENST00000696277, ENST00000696286, ENST00000696287, ENST00000696288, ENST00000696291, ENST00000696292, ENST00000696293, ENST00000696294, ENST00000696295, ENST00000696296, ENST00000916500, ENST00000950570

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_000135 NM_000135, NM_001018112, NM_001286167, NM_001351830

CCDS: CCDS32515, CCDS42221, CCDS67099, CCDS86554

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000389301 — 43 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000022162638973754989738708
ENSE000022802608976489089765066
ENSE000022825418976983789770024
ENSE000022929508976714189767237
ENSE000022944958977016689770259
ENSE000034624328976194989762022
ENSE000034778738977167889771814
ENSE000035094008974280089742938
ENSE000035222308974495989745071
ENSE000035333858974658489746688
ENSE000035426508977327189773384
ENSE000035585818974683189746890
ENSE000035874738974080489740866
ENSE000035962058977056489770634
ENSE000035994748974973089749902
ENSE000036386348974865989748767
ENSE000036537438973999489740099
ENSE000036537638975857789758705
ENSE000036556138975213889752222
ENSE000036617918977574289775815
ENSE000036668638973947889739553
ENSE000036726628973888289738974
ENSE000036907838973913389739289
ENSE000038509838981653789816647
ENSE000039667188981587789815986
ENSE000039667328978485489784964
ENSE000039667348977986989779957
ENSE000039667368981452089814613
ENSE000039667378979140389791536
ENSE000039667408979192789792068
ENSE000039667418980325989803341
ENSE000039667428977894389779003
ENSE000039667478980829489808367
ENSE000039667498978300789783102
ENSE000039667508981092989811071
ENSE000039667518977880189778850
ENSE000039667528980528089805392
ENSE000039667548979960589799638
ENSE000039667558979916689799232
ENSE000039667568979590689796018
ENSE000039667588981070789810802
ENSE000039667678979247189792547
ENSE000039667698978285989782918

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 185 present calls, max score 94.31.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 16.5151 / max 221.1369, expressed in 1564 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
15865715.52131446
1586550.8047256
1586540.189195

Top tissues by expression

280 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
right testisUBERON:000453494.31gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305394.11gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453393.77gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402391.83gold quality
testisUBERON:000047390.84gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499189.79gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047388.36gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009488.18gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099187.51gold quality
monocyteCL:000057687.43gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084287.05gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073886.97gold quality
bone marrow cellCL:000209286.68gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039785.93gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583485.45gold quality
lymph nodeUBERON:000002985.18gold quality
vermiform appendixUBERON:000115484.32gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225584.21gold quality
cortical plateUBERON:000534384.20gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105283.74gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017883.61gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111482.63gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210682.14gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548881.60gold quality
embryoUBERON:000092281.35gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489081.26gold quality
esophagus mucosaUBERON:000246981.18gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224581.12gold quality
caecumUBERON:000115381.09gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212981.01gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ENAD-27yes113.31
E-MTAB-6678yes7.88
E-ANND-3yes5.74
E-MTAB-4850no354.50

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): E2F1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

36 targeting FANCA, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-23B-5P99.9866.07587
HSA-MIR-448799.9664.581252
HSA-MIR-23A-5P99.9465.39468
HSA-MIR-454-3P99.9174.011925
HSA-MIR-7162-3P99.8968.161682
HSA-MIR-4671-3P99.8872.461045
HSA-MIR-1211999.8768.351653
HSA-MIR-548D-3P99.8770.674362
HSA-MIR-449299.8768.253611
HSA-MIR-548BB-3P99.8670.584354
HSA-MIR-548AC99.8470.774351
HSA-MIR-548H-3P99.8470.804349
HSA-MIR-548Z99.8470.804349
HSA-MIR-467999.7669.191229
HSA-MIR-4786-3P99.3668.351390
HSA-MIR-205499.2068.891699
HSA-MIR-422A99.1865.83550
HSA-MIR-4716-5P98.8268.571168
HSA-MIR-797798.6566.182590
HSA-MIR-378A-3P98.4366.10548
HSA-MIR-378B98.4365.36573
HSA-MIR-378C98.4366.10548
HSA-MIR-378D98.4366.10548
HSA-MIR-378E98.4365.99551
HSA-MIR-378F98.4365.66554
HSA-MIR-378H98.4366.16545
HSA-MIR-378I98.4366.10548
HSA-MIR-6516-5P98.4270.191551
HSA-MIR-7843-3P98.3167.94803
HSA-MIR-428697.2064.371587

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 30 (autosomal recessive), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 14.2% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

  • used to subtype Fanconi anemia T cells (PMID:12031647)
  • FANCA may function to recruit IKK2, thus providing the cell a means of rapidly responding to stress. (PMID:12210728)
  • Mutant FANCA proteins complement the sensitivity of DNA crosslinker mitomycin C at different grades: five proteins (group I) behave like wild-type FANCA, whereas the other proteins are either mildly (group II, n=4) or severely (group III, n=12) impaired. (PMID:12444097)
  • Leukemic cells bearing both characteristic complex cytogenetic defects and marked decrease in nuclear FANCA, were analyzed for possible role of RANCA in cytogenetic instability and clonal progression to AML. (PMID:12637330)
  • Deletion and reduced expression of the Fanconi anemia FANCA gene is associated with sporadic acute myeloid leukemia (PMID:14749703)
  • 2 unique Fanconi-anemia-causing mutations were found: FANCA gross deletion of exons 6-31 & FANCA splice-site mutation IVS 42-2A>C. The gross deletion had recombination between 2 highly homologous Alu elements. The splice mutation had intron 42 retention. (PMID:15059067)
  • FANCA and FANCG uniquely respond to oxidative damage by forming complexes via intermolecular disulfide linkages (PMID:15138265)
  • FA proteins function at the level of chromatin during S phase to regulate and maintain genomic stability. (PMID:15256425)
  • determination of whether FANCA gene mutations predispose to the development of familial pancreatic cancer (PMID:15591268)
  • can be actively exported out of the nucleus by CRM1 (PMID:15790592)
  • the FANCA allele with the tandem duplication does not appear to modify breast cancer risk but may act as a low penetrance protective allele for ovarian cancer (PMID:15860134)
  • FANCA functions as a GnRH-induced signal transducer. (PMID:16946016)
  • Results describe upregulated ATM gene expression and activated DNA crosslink-induced damage response checkpoints in Fanconi anemia with FANCA mutations, and the implications for carcinogenesis. (PMID:18224251)
  • FANCA proteins are defective in Fanconi anemia patients. The disease-associated FANCA mutant was defective in binding to FANCG. (PMID:18457264)
  • FANCA deficiencies may contribute to the high risk of FA patients for developing HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:19015634)
  • Phosphorylation of FANCA on serine 1449 is a DNA damage-specific event that is downstream of ATR and is functionally important in Fanconi anemia (PMID:19109555)
  • Fanca-/- hematopoietic stem cells have a mobilization defect which can be overcome by administration of the Rac inhibitor NSC23766 (PMID:19491337)
  • Thirteen genetic subtypes have been described (A, B, C, D1, D2, E, F, G, I, J, L, M, and N), of which FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG are the three most common disease-causing genes (PMID:20425471)
  • Cytoplasmic FANCA-FANCC complex was essential for NPMc stability. (PMID:20864535)
  • FANCA deletions might contribute to breast cancer susceptibility, potentially in combination with other germline mutations (PMID:21236561)
  • All missense mutations studied lead to an altered FANCA protein that is unable to relocate to the nucleus and activate the FA/BRCA pathway. (PMID:21273304)
  • the nucleic acid-binding domain of FANCA is located primarily at its C terminus, where most disease-causing mutations are found. (PMID:22194614)
  • Sequence variants in FANCA could therefore be potential spoilers of the Fanconi-BRCA pathway and as a result, they could in turn have an impact in non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer families. (PMID:23021409)
  • FANCA and FANCG are the major Fanconi anemia genes in the Korean population. (PMID:23067021)
  • A total of 13/166 patients were diagnosed with FA and 8/13 belonged to the FA-A subtype. A novel point mutation was identified in exon 26 of FANCA gene. (PMID:23898106)
  • Results suggest that the nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (rs2239359) in the FANCA gene or other causal variations coexisting with the GGGAGG haplotype may increase risk of premature ovarian failure in Korean women. (PMID:24045675)
  • Data indicate that TLR-induced IL-1beta overproduction in FANCA- and FANCC-deficient mononuclear phagocyte cell lines and primary cells requires activation of the inflammasome. (PMID:24046015)
  • Human Fanconi anemia complementation group a protein stimulates the 5’ flap endonuclease activity of FEN1. (PMID:24349332)
  • c.190-256_283 + 1680del2040 dupC mutation in the FANCA gene is a founder mutation in Macedonian Fanconi anemia patients of Gypsy-like ethnic origin. (PMID:24356203)
  • miR-503 gene is methylated in non-small cell lung cancer cells. miR-503 targets a homologous DNA region in the 3’-UTR region of the Fanconi anemia complementation group A protein (FANCA) gene and represses its expression at the transcriptional level. (PMID:24486548)
  • Identified two unpredictable splicing mutations that act on either sides of FANCA exon 8. (PMID:24704046)
  • FANCA-modulated neddylation pathway involved in CXCR5 membrane targeting and cell mobility. (PMID:25015289)
  • Proliferation is compromised in FANCA-deficient pluripotent embryonic stem cells. (PMID:25108529)
  • BRCA2 rs10492396 (AG vs. GG: adjusted hazard ratio (adjHR)=1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.16-2.95, P=0.010), rs206118 (CC vs. TT+TC: adjHR=2.44, 95% CI=1.27-4.67, P=0.007), rs3752447 and FANCA rs62068372 (PMID:25243787)
  • The I939S point mutation prevented binding to the FAAP20 subunit of the FA core complex, caused SUMOylation at K921, RNF4-mediated polyubiquitination and degradation. (PMID:25751062)
  • A frameshifting mutation and a truncating mutation of FANCA are associated with Fanconi anemia. (PMID:25863087)
  • FANCA safeguards interphase and mitosis during hematopoiesis (PMID:26366677)
  • Using human and murine cells defective in FANCD2 or FANCA and primary bone marrow cells derived from FANCD2 deficient mice, we show that the FA pathway removes R loops and that many DNA breaks accumulated in FA cells are R loop-dependent. (PMID:26584049)
  • Results identified homozygous mutations in FANCA and FANCP/SLX4 genes, both located on chromosome 16, were the affected recessive FA genes in three and one family respectively. Genotyping with short tandem repeat markers and SNP arrays revealed uniparental disomy of the entire mutation-carrying chromosome 16 in all four patients. (PMID:26841305)
  • High resolution melting curve analysis was used to screen FANCA, and LinReg software version 1.7 was utilized for analysis of expression. RESULTS: In total, six sequence alterations were identified, which included two stop codons, two frames-shift mutations, one large deletion and one amino acid exchange. FANCA expression was downregulated in patients who had sequence alterations. (PMID:27121516)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
ENSDARG00000098241
danio_rerioENSDARG00000110103
mus_musculusFancaENSMUSG00000032815
rattus_norvegicusFancaENSRNOG00000016706

Protein

Protein identifiers

Fanconi anemia group A proteinO15360 (reviewed: O15360)

All UniProt accessions (31): A0A8Q3SID5, A0A8Q3SIN0, A0A8Q3SJ96, A0A8Q3WL44, A0A8Q3WL48, A0A8Q3WL53, A0A8Q3WL54, A0A8Q3WL60, A0A8Q3WL82, A0A8Q3WLP8, A0A8Q3WM51, O15360, F5H8D5, H3BM41, H3BNS0, H3BQU1, H3BQU6, H3BQW7, H3BQX1, H3BRX3, H3BS03, H3BS84, H3BSA3, H3BSI9, H3BSL6, H3BT32, H3BT40, H3BT53, H3BUI1, H3BV66, Q0VAP4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. DNA repair protein that may operate in a postreplication repair or a cell cycle checkpoint function. May be involved in interstrand DNA cross-link repair and in the maintenance of normal chromosome stability.

Subunit / interactions. Belongs to the multisubunit FA complex composed of FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCL/PHF9 and FANCM. The complex is not found in FA patients. In complex with FANCF, FANCG and FANCL, but not with FANCC, nor FANCE, interacts with HES1; this interaction may be essential for the stability and nuclear localization of FA core complex proteins. The complex with FANCC and FANCG may also include EIF2AK2 and HSP70. Interacts with FAAP20/C1orf86; interaction is direct.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Cytoplasm.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylation is required for the formation of the nuclear complex. Not phosphorylated in cells derived from groups A, B, C, E, F, G, and H.

Disease relevance. Fanconi anemia, complementation group A (FANCA) [MIM:227650] A disorder affecting all bone marrow elements and resulting in anemia, leukopenia and thrombopenia. It is associated with cardiac, renal and limb malformations, dermal pigmentary changes, and a predisposition to the development of malignancies. At the cellular level it is associated with hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, chromosomal instability (increased chromosome breakage) and defective DNA repair. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
O15360-11yes
O15360-22
O15360-33

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_000126, NP_001018122, NP_001273096, NP_001338759 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR003516FANCAFamily
IPR031729Fanconi_A_NDomain
IPR055277Fanconi_A_CDomain
IPR055386FANCA_helicalDomain
IPR055387FANCA_arcNDomain

Pfam: PF03511, PF15865, PF24781, PF24783

UniProt features (54 total): sequence variant 49, splice variant 2, chain 1, short sequence motif 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

6 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
7KZPELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.1
7KZSELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.2
7KZTELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.2
7KZVELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.2
7KZQELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.3
7KZRELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.4

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-O15360-F175.350.08

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 1449

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-6783310Fanconi Anemia Pathway
R-HSA-9833482PKR-mediated signaling

MSigDB gene sets: 800 (showing top): PID_FANCONI_PATHWAY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_PHENOL_CONTAINING_COMPOUND_METABOLIC_PROCESS, MULLIGHAN_NPM1_SIGNATURE_3_UP, BUYTAERT_PHOTODYNAMIC_THERAPY_STRESS_DN, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GNF2_GSTM1, GOBP_ALPHA_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GNF2_HPN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_GLUTAMINE_FAMILY_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION

GO Biological Process (11): DNA repair (GO:0006281), male meiotic nuclear division (GO:0007140), male gonad development (GO:0008584), female gonad development (GO:0008585), interstrand cross-link repair (GO:0036297), regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation (GO:0045589), regulation of inflammatory response (GO:0050727), protein-containing complex assembly (GO:0065003), regulation of germ cell proliferation (GO:1905936), regulation of CD40 signaling pathway (GO:2000348), DNA damage response (GO:0006974)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex (GO:0043240)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

CategoryPathways
DNA Repair1
Antimicrobial mechanism of IFN-stimulated genes1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure4
gonad development2
DNA metabolic process1
DNA damage response1
male gamete generation1
meiotic cell cycle1
meiotic nuclear division1
development of primary male sexual characteristics1
development of primary female sexual characteristics1
DNA repair1
regulatory T cell differentiation1
regulation of T cell differentiation1
inflammatory response1
regulation of defense response1
regulation of response to external stimulus1
cellular component assembly1
protein-containing complex organization1
germ cell proliferation1
regulation of cell population proliferation1
regulation of multicellular organismal process1
regulation of signal transduction1
CD40 signaling pathway1
cellular response to stress1
binding1
chromosome1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
nuclear lumen1
intracellular anatomical structure1
cytoplasm1
nuclear protein-containing complex1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2369 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
FANCAFANCEQ9HB96999
FANCAFANCMQ8IYD8999
FANCAFANCCQ00597999
FANCAFANCFQ9NPI8999
FANCAFANCGO15287999
FANCAFANCBQ8NB91999
FANCAFANCLQ9NW38999
FANCAFAAP100Q0VG06998
FANCAFAAP24Q9BTP7997
FANCAF6S8H2F6S8H2994
FANCAFANCD2Q9BXW9987
FANCABRCA1P38398978
FANCAFANCIQ9NVI1974
FANCACENPSQ8N2Z9970
FANCACENPXA8MT69969

IntAct

163 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
FANCAFANCGpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.960
FANCGFANCApsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.960
FANCAFANCGpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.960
FANCGFANCApsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.960
FANCAFANCGpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.960
FANCGFANCApsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.960
FANCAFANCGpsi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.960
RFXANKRFXAPpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.780
FANCFFANCGpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.750
BRCA1FANCApsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.750

BioGRID (504): FANCA (Affinity Capture-Western), APITD1 (Affinity Capture-Western), STRA13 (Affinity Capture-Western), FANCA (Affinity Capture-MS), FANCA (Affinity Capture-Western), FANCA (Affinity Capture-Western), FANCA (Affinity Capture-MS), FANCA (Affinity Capture-Western), CTNNB1 (Affinity Capture-Western), FANCA (Affinity Capture-Western), FANCA (Affinity Capture-MS), FANCM (Affinity Capture-MS), BLM (Affinity Capture-MS), C17orf70 (Affinity Capture-MS), TOP3A (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JN53, A0PJX8, A1L1L2, A1L3T7, A4FV45, B0BMG8, E2JF22, G3HQ82, O15360, O43299, O70491, P60330, Q0KL00, Q0V8E7, Q17Q97, Q24JP3, Q3U829, Q49LS3, Q4QR83, Q562E7, Q5ND34, Q5R7B4, Q5T1A1, Q5XG04, Q6NUQ4, Q6PH58, Q6UX68, Q7L4E1, Q7Z412, Q8BGI5, Q8BM55, Q8BSD4, Q8BXV2, Q8C3R1, Q8C7B8, Q8IXR5, Q8K0R6, Q8N6S5, Q8R115, Q8VCA6

Diamond homologs: O15360, Q9JL70

SIGNOR signaling

7 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
ATMup-regulatesFANCAphosphorylation
ATRup-regulatesFANCAphosphorylation
FANCA“form complex”“Fanconi anemia core complex”binding
AURKA“up-regulates activity”FANCAphosphorylation
PRKAA1“up-regulates activity”FANCAphosphorylation
AKTunknownFANCAphosphorylation
AKT1unknownFANCAphosphorylation

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 128 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Fanconi Anemia Pathway929.5×9e-09
Nephrin family interactions528.0×1e-04
Downstream signal transduction626.9×2e-05
PKR-mediated signaling1016.6×1e-07
RHOU GTPase cycle516.4×1e-03
FCGR3A-mediated phagocytosis511.0×4e-03
VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway69.8×2e-03
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling66.8×7e-03

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
interstrand cross-link repair934.7×3e-09

Disease & clinical

Cancer significance

From intOGen — cancer-driver classification: activating (oncogene-like) across 1 cancer types — PRAD.

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

6779 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic746
Likely pathogenic324
Uncertain significance2625
Likely benign2308
Benign193

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
1045251NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.4185dup (p.Ile1396fs)Pathogenic
1066574NC_000016.9:g.(?89828347)(89862436_?)delPathogenic
1066577NC_000016.9:g.(?89811357)(89815185_?)delPathogenic
1068810NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.2053_2054dup (p.Ala686fs)Pathogenic
1068905NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.184del (p.Glu63fs)Pathogenic
1069019NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.4011-1G>CPathogenic
1069157NC_000016.9:g.(?89880908)(89883023_?)delPathogenic
1069158NC_000016.9:g.(?89807202)(89883024_?)delPathogenic
1069470NC_000016.9:g.(?89877105)(89877489_?)delPathogenic
1069471NC_000016.9:g.(?89845199)(89874785_?)delPathogenic
1069968NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.731T>A (p.Leu244Ter)Pathogenic
1070229NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.2656G>T (p.Glu886Ter)Pathogenic
1070466NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.3154_3155del (p.Phe1052fs)Pathogenic
1070592NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.2014+1delPathogenic
1071066NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.2832dup (p.Ala945fs)Pathogenic
1071067NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.1144C>T (p.Gln382Ter)Pathogenic
1071158NC_000016.9:g.(?89805009)(89883024_?)delPathogenic
1071159NC_000016.9:g.(?89833539)(89833655_?)delPathogenic
1071160NC_000016.9:g.(?89842140)(89842233_?)delPathogenic
1071161NC_000016.9:g.(?89880918)(89881031_?)delPathogenic
1071162NC_000016.9:g.(?89816056)(89816320_?)delPathogenic
1071363NC_000016.9:g.(?89824975)(89842233_?)delPathogenic
1071364NC_000016.9:g.(?89828347)(89839802_?)delPathogenic
1071365NC_000016.9:g.(?89818536)(89839802_?)delPathogenic
1071366NC_000016.9:g.(?89809198)(89833655_?)delPathogenic
1071407NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.2299C>T (p.Gln767Ter)Pathogenic
1071443NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.3927dup (p.Glu1310fs)Pathogenic
1073058NM_000135.4(FANCA):c.800_801dup (p.Asp268fs)Pathogenic
1073065NC_000016.9:g.(?89864654)(89883033_?)delPathogenic
1073067NC_000016.9:g.(?89862294)(89883023_?)delPathogenic

SpliceAI

9472 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
16:89727338:T:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:89729229:TCCTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89729232:TA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89729233:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89729233:A:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
16:89729234:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89729234:GA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89729234:GAGA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89729234:GAGAC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89729314:AGGAA:Adonor_gain1.0000
16:89729315:GGAA:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:89729315:GGAAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:89729316:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
16:89729316:G:Tdonor_gain1.0000
16:89729316:GAA:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:89729316:GAAGT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
16:89729317:AA:Adonor_gain1.0000
16:89729318:AG:Adonor_loss1.0000
16:89729319:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
16:89729319:GTA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
16:89729320:T:Adonor_loss1.0000
16:89733919:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89733920:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89733920:GAA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:89734037:AGGTA:Adonor_loss1.0000
16:89734038:GGT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
16:89734039:GTAC:Gdonor_loss1.0000
16:89734040:T:Adonor_loss1.0000
16:89737903:GCA:Gdonor_gain1.0000
16:89737906:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

9486 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
16:89778971:A:GF583S0.993
16:89783032:G:TA514D0.992
16:89792518:A:GW346R0.992
16:89792518:A:TW346R0.992
16:89779881:A:TV568D0.991
16:89791459:G:TR435S0.991
16:89783020:A:GL518P0.990
16:89762007:A:GW932R0.989
16:89762007:A:TW932R0.989
16:89778997:G:CF574L0.989
16:89778997:G:TF574L0.989
16:89778999:A:GF574L0.989
16:89783023:C:GR517P0.989
16:89792538:G:TA339D0.989
16:89778807:A:GL607P0.987
16:89791407:A:GF452S0.987
16:89791996:A:GW386R0.987
16:89791996:A:TW386R0.987
16:89778970:G:CF583L0.984
16:89778970:G:TF583L0.984
16:89778972:A:GF583L0.984
16:89783077:A:TV499D0.984
16:89791411:A:GW451R0.984
16:89791411:A:TW451R0.984
16:89779910:A:CF558L0.983
16:89779910:A:TF558L0.983
16:89779912:A:GF558L0.983
16:89783045:A:CY510D0.982
16:89784885:A:GL480P0.982
16:89784956:A:CF456L0.982

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000020268 (16:89795361 G>A), RS1000072213 (16:89771337 T>C), RS1000086901 (16:89756776 G>C), RS1000114964 (16:89807405 G>C), RS1000145658 (16:89772091 C>A,G,T), RS1000188136 (16:89802910 A>C,G), RS1000198574 (16:89772215 C>G,T), RS1000202044 (16:89797244 T>G), RS1000257954 (16:89778643 A>AG), RS1000265601 (16:89753711 C>A), RS1000281835 (16:89753561 C>T), RS1000302588 (16:89743361 G>A), RS1000312622 (16:89782299 C>G), RS1000338931 (16:89742730 C>G,T), RS1000368896 (16:89806442 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607139 | disease phenotypes: MIM:227650, MIM:167000, MIM:233420, MIM:613099

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
Fanconi anemia complementation group ADefinitiveAutosomal recessive
Fanconi anemiaSupportiveAutosomal recessive

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
Fanconi anemia complementation group ADefinitiveAR

Mondo (16): Fanconi anemia complementation group A (MONDO:0009215), Fanconi anemia (MONDO:0019391), hereditary neoplastic syndrome (MONDO:0015356), prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315), hepatoblastoma (MONDO:0018666), ovarian cancer (MONDO:0008170), breast cancer (MONDO:0007254), 46,XY sex reversal 7 (MONDO:0009301), diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma, H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype (MONDO:0858939), pediatric high-grade glioma (MONDO:1010030), congenital portosystemic shunt (MONDO:0018811), neuroblastoma (MONDO:0005072), neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), melanoma, cutaneous malignant, susceptibility to, 5 (MONDO:0013133), primary ovarian failure (MONDO:0005387)

Orphanet (11): Fanconi anemia (Orphanet:84), Inherited cancer-predisposing syndrome (Orphanet:140162), Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331), Hepatoblastoma (Orphanet:449), Rare ovarian cancer (Orphanet:213500), 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (Orphanet:242), Congenital portosystemic shunt (Orphanet:480531), Neuroblastoma (Orphanet:635), Familial melanoma (Orphanet:618), Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (Orphanet:95496), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Primary ovarian failure (Orphanet:619)

HPO phenotypes

130 total (30 of 130 shown, HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000007Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000010Recurrent urinary tract infections
HP:0000027Azoospermia
HP:0000028Cryptorchidism
HP:0000035Abnormal testis morphology
HP:0000047Hypospadias
HP:0000072Hydroureter
HP:0000079Abnormality of the urinary system
HP:0000081Duplicated collecting system
HP:0000083Renal insufficiency
HP:0000085Horseshoe kidney
HP:0000086Ectopic kidney
HP:0000104Renal agenesis
HP:0000130Abnormality of the uterus
HP:0000135Hypogonadism
HP:0000175Cleft palate
HP:0000218High palate
HP:0000238Hydrocephalus
HP:0000252Microcephaly
HP:0000268Dolichocephaly
HP:0000286Epicanthus
HP:0000316Hypertelorism
HP:0000324Facial asymmetry
HP:0000340Sloping forehead
HP:0000347Micrognathia
HP:0000364Hearing abnormality
HP:0000365Hearing impairment
HP:0000377Abnormal pinna morphology
HP:0000453Choanal atresia
HP:0000478Abnormality of the eye

GWAS associations

26 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST002087_17Homocysteine levels8.000000e-11
GCST005580_139Intraocular pressure2.000000e-14
GCST005790_40Rosacea symptom severity2.000000e-07
GCST005897_50Low tan response3.000000e-260
GCST005897_51Low tan response4.000000e-205
GCST005897_52Low tan response6.000000e-45
GCST005897_53Low tan response2.000000e-47
GCST006394_102Intraocular pressure1.000000e-13
GCST006412_95Intraocular pressure4.000000e-15
GCST006986_19Red vs. brown/black hair color3.000000e-09
GCST006986_25Red vs. brown/black hair color3.000000e-221
GCST006986_27Red vs. brown/black hair color2.000000e-308
GCST006986_6Red vs. brown/black hair color2.000000e-12
GCST007486_10Hair morphology traits3.000000e-11
GCST007486_15Hair morphology traits4.000000e-18
GCST007486_18Hair morphology traits3.000000e-09
GCST007486_25Hair morphology traits2.000000e-17
GCST007488_1Skin pigmentation traits7.000000e-09
GCST007488_13Skin pigmentation traits4.000000e-10
GCST009725_34Intraocular pressure7.000000e-13
GCST010083_26Hemoglobin levels2.000000e-11
GCST010703_280Brain morphology (MOSTest)2.000000e-15
GCST012490_642Femur bone mineral density x serum urate levels interaction4.000000e-09
GCST90002393_504Monocyte count2.000000e-16
GCST90002394_507Monocyte percentage of white cells3.000000e-09
GCST90002394_508Monocyte percentage of white cells2.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (10, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004578homocysteine measurement
EFO:0004695intraocular pressure measurement
EFO:0009180rosacea severity measurement
EFO:0004279suntan
EFO:0003924hair color
EFO:0004509hemoglobin measurement
EFO:0004346neuroimaging measurement
EFO:0004531urate measurement
EFO:0005091monocyte count
EFO:0007989monocyte percentage of leukocytes

MeSH disease descriptors (9)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D005199Fanconi AnemiaC15.378.050.085.080.280; C15.378.190.223.500.500.280; C16.320.077.280; C18.452.284.280
D018197HepatoblastomaC04.557.435.380
D009386Neoplastic Syndromes, HereditaryC04.700; C16.320.700
D009447NeuroblastomaC04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550; C04.557.470.670.590.650.550; C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550
D065886Neurodevelopmental DisordersF03.625
D010051Ovarian NeoplasmsC04.588.322.455; C12.050.351.500.056.630.705; C12.050.351.937.418.685; C12.100.250.056.630.705; C12.900.418.685; C19.344.410; C19.391.630.705
D016649Primary Ovarian InsufficiencyC12.050.351.500.056.630.750; C12.100.250.056.630.750; C19.391.630.750
D011471Prostatic NeoplasmsC04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750
C56553746,XY Gonadal Dysgenesis, Complete or Partial, DHH-Related (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

63 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
sodium arseniteaffects methylation, decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression8
Arsenicincreases abundance, affects methylation, affects cotreatment, decreases expression3
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, increases expression, increases mutagenesis3
chromium hexavalent iondecreases expression, increases abundance, increases response to substance2
Lipopolysaccharidesdecreases reaction, increases expression, affects reaction, decreases expression, increases secretion2
Nickelincreases expression2
Silicon Dioxidedecreases expression, increases expression2
GSK-J4decreases expression1
pradimicin-IRDaffects response to substance, affects expression1
lasiocarpinedecreases expression, increases metabolic processing1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
bisphenol Adecreases expression1
VX-agentincreases expression1
riddelliinedecreases expression, increases metabolic processing1
beta-lapachonedecreases expression1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphatedecreases expression1
quinoline yellowincreases expression1
perfluorooctanoic aciddecreases expression1
zinc chromatedecreases expression, increases abundance1
manganese chlorideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance1
potassium chromate(VI)increases expression1
aflatoxin B2decreases methylation1
nickel sulfateincreases expression1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic aciddecreases expression1
4(2’-aminoethyl)amino-1,8-dimethylimidazo(1,2-a)quinoxalinedecreases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (2-methyl-4-o-tolylazophenyl)amideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
jinfukangincreases expression1
NSC 689534affects binding, decreases expression1
Dasatinibdecreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

75 cell lines: 39 transformed cell line, 20 finite cell line, 12 cancer cell line, 3 induced pluripotent stem cell, 1 telomerase immortalized cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_2895FA18JTOFinite cell lineMale
CVCL_AK37HSC 72Transformed cell lineFemale
CVCL_AK41GM16632Finite cell lineFemale
CVCL_AK42HSC 72OTTransformed cell lineFemale
CVCL_AK51EUFA043Transformed cell line
CVCL_AK52EUFA127Transformed cell line
CVCL_AK53EUFA139Transformed cell line
CVCL_AK54EUFA186Transformed cell line
CVCL_AK55EUFA223Transformed cell line
CVCL_AK56EUFA232Transformed cell line

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

117 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT06519786PHASE3UNKNOWNSafety and Efficacy of Metformin for Treatment of Cytopenia in Children and Adolescents With Fanconi Anemia
NCT04069533PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGLentiviral-mediated Gene Therapy for Pediatric Patients With Fanconi Anemia Subtype A
NCT04248439PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGGene Therapy for Fanconi Anemia, Complementation Group A
NCT00000603PHASE2COMPLETEDCord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation Study (COBLT)
NCT00001749PHASE2COMPLETEDMedical Treatment for Diamond Blackfan Anemia
NCT00004787PHASE2COMPLETEDPhase II Pilot Study of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
NCT00053989PHASE2COMPLETEDNMA Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant in Hematologic Cancer/Disorders
NCT00084695PHASE2UNKNOWNUmbilical Cord Blood for Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Young Patients With Malignant or Nonmalignant Diseases
NCT00258427PHASE2COMPLETEDHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in High Risk Patients With Fanconi Anemia
NCT00453388PHASE2COMPLETEDFludarabine Phosphate, Cyclophosphamide, and Total-Body Irradiation Followed by Donor Bone Marrow Transplant, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and Cyclosporine in Treating Patients With Fanconi Anemia
NCT01071239PHASE2COMPLETEDHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Fanconi Anemia
NCT02143830PHASE2RECRUITINGHSCT for Patients With Fanconi Anemia Using Risk-Adjusted Chemotherapy
NCT02931071PHASE2COMPLETEDClinical Phase II Trial to Evaluate CD34+ Cells Mobilization and Collection in Patients With Fanconi Anemia for Subsequent Transduction With a Lentiviral Vector Carring FANCA Gene. FANCOSTEM-1
NCT03206086PHASE2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGEltrombopag for People With Fanconi Anemia
NCT03398824PHASE2COMPLETEDPilot Study of Metformin for Patients With Fanconi Anemia
NCT03476330PHASE2COMPLETEDQuercetin Chemoprevention for Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients With Fanconi Anemia
NCT03579875PHASE2RECRUITINGAlpha/Beta TCD HCT in Patients With Inherited BMF Disorders
NCT03600909PHASE2TERMINATEDA Study of the Effect of Blood Stem Cell Transplant After Chemotherapy Alone in Patients With Fanconi Anemia
NCT04232085PHASE2RECRUITINGRegenerative Medicine to Restore Hematopoiesis and Immune Function in Immunodeficiencies and Inherited Bone Marrow Failures
NCT06045052PHASE2COMPLETEDEltrombopag for Treatment of Fanconi Anemia
NCT03814408PHASE1UNKNOWNA Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety of RP-L102 in Pediatric Subjects With Fanconi Anemia Subtype A
NCT00001399PHASE1COMPLETEDGene Therapy for the Treatment of Fanconi’s Anemia Type C
NCT00005896PHASE1UNKNOWNPhase I Pilot Study of CD34 Enriched, Fanconi’s Anemia Complementation Group C Gene Transduced Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Fanconi’s Anemia
NCT00006127PHASE1UNKNOWNPhase I Study of Amifostine in Patients With Bone Marrow Failure Related to Fanconi’s Anemia
NCT00093743PHASE1COMPLETEDLow-Dose Total-Body Irradiation and Fludarabine Phosphate Followed by Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Fanconi Anemia
NCT00243399PHASE1COMPLETEDOxandrolone for the Treatment of Bone Marrow Aplasia in Fanconi Anemia
NCT00272857PHASE1COMPLETEDBone Marrow Cell Gene Transfer in Individuals With Fanconi Anemia
NCT00317876PHASE1COMPLETEDCyclophosphamide in Treating Patients Who Are Undergoing a Donor Bone Marrow Transplant for Fanconi’s Anemia
NCT00586274PHASE1TERMINATEDUse of Rft5-Dga to Deplete Alloreactive Cells for Pts With Fanconi Anemia After Haploidentical SCT
NCT01331018PHASE1TERMINATEDGene Therapy for Fanconi Anemia
NCT01720147PHASE1COMPLETEDQuercetin in Children With Fanconi Anemia; a Pilot Study
NCT01917708PHASE1COMPLETEDBone Marrow Transplant With Abatacept for Non-Malignant Diseases
NCT04437771Not specifiedACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGLong-Term Follow-up of Subjects With Fanconi Anaemia Subtype A Treated With ex Vivo Gene Therapy
NCT07242261Not specifiedNOT_YET_RECRUITINGNon-invasive Characterisation of Oral Carcinomas in Patients With Fanconi Anaemia
NCT00352976PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDTBI Dose De-escalation for Fanconi Anemia
NCT01019876PHASE2/PHASE3COMPLETEDRisk-Adapted Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation For Mixed Donor Chimerism In Patients With Non-Malignant Diseases
NCT00005898PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDPhase I/II Study of Total Body Irradiation, Cyclophosphamide, and Fludarabine Followed by Alternate Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Fanconi’s Anemia
NCT00167206PHASE1/PHASE2TERMINATEDStem Cell Transplantation for Fanconi Anemia
NCT00305708PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDBusulfan, Antithymocyte Globulin, and Fludarabine Followed By a Donor Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Young Patients With Blood Disorders, Bone Marrow Disorders, Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in First Chronic Phase, or Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Remission
NCT00479115PHASE1/PHASE2COMPLETEDMobilization and Collection of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells in Patients With Fanconi Anemia Using G-CSF and AMD3100