FBXO43

Summary

FBXO43 (F-box protein 43, HGNC:28521) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8q22.2, encoding F-box only protein 43 (Q4G163). Required to establish and maintain the arrest of oocytes at the second meiotic metaphase until fertilization.

Members of the F-box protein family, such as FBXO43, are characterized by an approximately 40-amino acid F-box motif. SCF complexes, formed by SKP1 (MIM 601434), cullin (see CUL1; MIM 603134), and F-box proteins, act as protein-ubiquitin ligases. F-box proteins interact with SKP1 through the F box, and they interact with ubiquitination targets through other protein interaction domains (Jin et al., 2004 [PubMed 15520277]).

Source: NCBI Gene 286151 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): spermatogenic failure 64 (Limited, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 106 total — 4 pathogenic, 1 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 15
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001029860

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:28521
Approved symbol	FBXO43
Name	F-box protein 43
Location	8q22.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	Fbx43
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000156509
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	609110
Entrez	286151

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 1 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000428847, ENST00000517806, ENST00000520987

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001029860 NM_001029860

CCDS: CCDS47904

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000428847 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002094631	100145051	100145817
ENSE00002126706	100133351	100134050
ENSE00003478744	100140683	100142168
ENSE00003528195	100137565	100137667
ENSE00003560327	100134161	100134364

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 127 present calls, max score 95.79.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 0.8627 / max 61.3525, expressed in 406 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
94122	0.8627	406

Top tissues by expression

234 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	95.79	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	94.67	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	78.04	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	75.22	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	72.24	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	71.61	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	71.58	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	71.49	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	71.19	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	71.03	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	70.65	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	69.59	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	69.15	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	67.43	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	67.27	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	67.16	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	66.26	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	65.87	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	65.02	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	64.69	silver quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	64.67	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	63.81	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	63.39	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	62.69	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	62.59	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	61.76	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	61.70	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	61.50	silver quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	61.42	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	60.93	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	4.21

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): E2F1, E2F2, E2F3

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

61 targeting FBXO43, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5692B	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-5692C	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-196A-1-3P	99.99	72.15	2772
HSA-MIR-6870-5P	99.99	68.55	2115
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-4723-5P	99.97	68.70	2034
HSA-MIR-5698	99.97	68.49	2029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P	99.97	68.48	2062
HSA-MIR-6888-3P	99.97	65.95	1170
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-4666A-3P	99.96	71.71	3434
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-1250-3P	99.96	70.04	4038
HSA-MIR-548J-3P	99.94	72.61	4881
HSA-MIR-141-3P	99.94	72.79	2421
HSA-MIR-200A-3P	99.94	72.68	2420
HSA-MIR-548AE-3P	99.93	72.66	4867

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 9)

• Cdc2 and Mos regulate Emi2 stability to promote the meiosis I-meiosis II transition (PMID:18550795)
• The mutation in FBXO43 is a causative factor of male infertility and teratozoospermia. (PMID:30878252)
• EMI2 expression as a poor prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. (PMID:32253818)
• FBXO43 variants in patients with female infertility characterized by early embryonic arrest. (PMID:34052850)
• A homozygous loss-of-function mutation in FBXO43 causes human non-obstructive azoospermia. (PMID:34595750)
• Downregulation of the FBXO43 gene inhibits tumor growth in human breast cancer by limiting its interaction with PCNA. (PMID:34645483)
• Association between F-box-only protein 43 overexpression and hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis and prognosis. (PMID:36710413)
• Clinical significance of FBXO43 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its impact on tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. (PMID:37250703)
• FBXO43 promotes cell cycle progression in cancer cells through stabilizing SKP2. (PMID:38604312)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	fbxo43	ENSDARG00000104186
mus_musculus	Fbxo43	ENSMUSG00000048230
rattus_norvegicus	Fbxo43	ENSRNOG00000010459
drosophila_melanogaster	Rca1	FBGN0017551

Paralogs (1): FBXO5 (ENSG00000112029)

Protein

Protein identifiers

F-box only protein 43 — Q4G163 (reviewed: Q4G163)

Alternative names: Endogenous meiotic inhibitor 2

All UniProt accessions (2): Q4G163, E5RHI5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Required to establish and maintain the arrest of oocytes at the second meiotic metaphase until fertilization. Acts by inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase. Probably recognizes and binds to some phosphorylated proteins and promotes their ubiquitination and degradation. Plays a vital role in modulating the ubiquitilation of CCNB1 and CDK1 during gametogenesis.

Subunit / interactions. Part of a SCF (SKP1-cullin-F-box) protein ligase complex. According to PubMed:34595750 interaction with SKP1 does not occur. Interacts with ANAPC2; the interaction is direct, ANAPC4, CDC16, CDC23; the interaction is direct, ANAPC10; the interaction is direct and CDC26, during spermatogenesis. May interact with CDC20.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in the testis.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated on Ser-76, Thr-234 and Ser-334 in response to calcium, which is a prerequisite for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Ubiquitinated in response to calcium, which promotes proteasomal degradation.

Disease relevance. Oocyte/zygote/embryo maturation arrest 12 (OZEMA12) [MIM:619697] An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by infertility due to early embryonic arrest. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Spermatogenic failure 64 (SPGF64) [MIM:619696] An autosomal recessive male infertility disorder characterized by oligoasthenoteratozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia. Some patients have absent sperm due to meiotic arrest at the diplotene stage. Others show low sperm counts and reduced progressive motility. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Pathway. Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001025031* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001810	F-box_dom	Domain
IPR002867	IBR_dom	Domain
IPR044064	ZF_ZBR	Domain
IPR047147	FBX5_43	Family

Pfam: PF00646

UniProt features (30 total): binding site 8, sequence variant 8, modified residue 3, region of interest 3, compositionally biased region 3, mutagenesis site 2, chain 1, domain 1, zinc finger region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q4G163-F1	52.85	0.14

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (8): 643; 658; 663; 668; 671; 676; 681; 640

Post-translational modifications (3): 76, 234, 334

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

Position	Phenotype
75–76	impairs ubiquitination and degradation in response to calcium.
333–334	impairs ubiquitination and degradation in response to calcium.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 141 (showing top): GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_REPRODUCTIVE_PROCESS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_NUCLEAR_DIVISION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MEIOTIC_NUCLEAR_DIVISION, GOBP_MACROMOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_MEIOTIC_NUCLEAR_DIVISION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MEIOTIC_CELL_CYCLE, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NERVE_GROWTH_FACTOR, CATTTCA_MIR203, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_MEIOTIC_CELL_CYCLE, GOBP_ORGANELLE_FISSION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CYCLE_PROCESS, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CYCLE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CYCLE, GOBP_MITOTIC_NUCLEAR_DIVISION

GO Biological Process (6): regulation of mitotic nuclear division (GO:0007088), negative regulation of cell cycle process (GO:0010948), protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567), negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division (GO:0045835), meiotic cell cycle (GO:0051321), cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus (GO:1990090)

GO Molecular Function (3): zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (1): nucleus (GO:0005634)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
regulation of cell cycle process	2
meiotic nuclear division	2
regulation of mitotic cell cycle	1
regulation of nuclear division	1
mitotic nuclear division	1
cell cycle process	1
negative regulation of cell cycle	1
protein modification by small protein conjugation	1
negative regulation of cell cycle process	1
regulation of meiotic nuclear division	1
negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle	1
negative regulation of nuclear division	1
cell cycle	1
sexual reproduction	1
reproductive process	1
cellular response to growth factor stimulus	1
response to nerve growth factor	1
transition metal ion binding	1
binding	1
cation binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1796 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
FBXO43	CDC20	Q12834	803
FBXO43	GMNN	O75496	683
FBXO43	SKP1	P34991	605
FBXO43	CCNA1	P78396	595
FBXO43	EVI5	O60447	594
FBXO43	PLK1	P53350	584
FBXO43	BTRC	Q9Y297	580
FBXO43	RPS6KA1	Q15418	579
FBXO43	CCNF	P41002	571
FBXO43	WEE2	P0C1S8	569
FBXO43	FBXO47	Q5MNV8	563
FBXO43	PTTG2	Q9NZH5	543
FBXO43	ANAPC10	Q9UM13	507
FBXO43	ZFP36	P26651	485
FBXO43	PTTG1	O95997	476

IntAct

9 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SKP1	FBXO43	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PPP2R1A	FBXO43	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FBXO43	SLC25A12	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
Mecom	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SKP1	FBXO43	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PPP2R1A	FBXO43	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (84): CDC27 (Affinity Capture-Western), FBXO43 (Affinity Capture-Western), FBXO43 (Affinity Capture-MS), FBXO43 (Two-hybrid), FBXO43 (Two-hybrid), FBXO43 (Proximity Label-MS), NAMPT (Affinity Capture-MS), EZR (Affinity Capture-MS), ACTN4 (Affinity Capture-MS), VCP (Affinity Capture-MS), FDPS (Affinity Capture-MS), CD44 (Affinity Capture-MS), ADRM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CDC37 (Affinity Capture-MS), DLST (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JM98, A1L1H3, A4IGY9, A5D7P0, A5PLL1, A7MBD1, B2RWW0, D3ZF42, O75113, O88866, P12525, P30304, P30305, P30306, P30307, P30308, P30309, P30310, P30311, P48964, P48965, P48966, P48967, P48968, P57058, Q29029, Q4G163, Q56NI9, Q5QJC4, Q5SW75, Q66JT0, Q68UT7, Q6GQJ2, Q6IE82, Q6P1H6, Q6PCM1, Q6PJP8, Q6S7F2, Q6YI93, Q76I76

Diamond homologs: Q0V967, Q28GK6, Q4G163, Q4V7W2, Q66H04, Q7TSG3, Q8AXF4, Q8CDI2, Q90Z80, Q9UKT4

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
CAMK2G	“down-regulates activity”	FBXO43	phosphorylation
CAMK2A	“up-regulates activity”	FBXO43	phosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

106 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	4
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	80
Likely benign	11
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (5)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1332891	NM_001029860.4(FBXO43):c.1991G>A (p.Gly664Asp)	Pathogenic
1332892	NM_001029860.4(FBXO43):c.1747C>T (p.Gln583Ter)	Pathogenic
1332893	NM_001029860.4(FBXO43):c.1490_1497dup (p.Glu500delinsSerTer)	Pathogenic
1332894	NM_001029860.4(FBXO43):c.154del (p.Asp52fs)	Pathogenic
4526317	GRCh38/hg38 8q22.2(chr8:100138992-100172318)x1	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1178 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
8:100136145:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
8:100137666:CA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:100137668:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
8:100139509:CTAA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
8:100139515:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
8:100137559:CATTA:C	donor_gain	0.9900
8:100137664:AACA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
8:100137667:AC:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
8:100137669:T:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
8:100139508:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
8:100139509:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
8:100139512:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
8:100139513:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
8:100139516:C:A	donor_gain	0.9900
8:100137558:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9800
8:100137559:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9800
8:100137560:ATTAC:A	donor_loss	0.9800
8:100137561:TTACC:T	donor_loss	0.9800
8:100137562:TA:T	donor_loss	0.9800
8:100137563:A:AT	donor_loss	0.9800
8:100137564:C:A	donor_loss	0.9800
8:100137663:AAACA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9800
8:100137665:ACA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9800
8:100137666:CAC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
8:100145316:T:C	donor_gain	0.9800
8:100145320:AATAT:A	donor_gain	0.9800
8:100145363:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9800
8:100145364:C:A	donor_gain	0.9800
8:100134362:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9700
8:100134363:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9700

AlphaMissense

4658 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
8:100133957:A:G	C658R	0.998
8:100133989:G:T	A647D	0.998
8:100134011:A:G	C640R	0.998
8:100137645:A:G	W532R	0.998
8:100137645:A:T	W532R	0.998
8:100133928:A:C	F667L	0.997
8:100133928:A:T	F667L	0.997
8:100133930:A:G	F667L	0.997
8:100133927:A:G	C668R	0.996
8:100133955:A:C	C658W	0.996
8:100133956:C:G	C658S	0.996
8:100133957:A:T	C658S	0.996
8:100134002:A:G	C643R	0.996
8:100134046:G:T	A628D	0.996
8:100140752:A:G	L501S	0.996
8:100133918:A:G	C671R	0.995
8:100134001:C:G	C643S	0.995
8:100134002:A:T	C643S	0.995
8:100133942:A:G	C663R	0.994
8:100134009:G:C	C640W	0.994
8:100133925:A:C	C668W	0.993
8:100134023:C:G	A636P	0.993
8:100137652:G:C	S529R	0.993
8:100137652:G:T	S529R	0.993
8:100137654:T:G	S529R	0.993
8:100133929:A:G	F667S	0.992
8:100133941:C:T	C663Y	0.992
8:100133956:C:T	C658Y	0.992
8:100133926:C:T	C668Y	0.991
8:100133990:C:G	A647P	0.991

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000015466 (8:100137133 A>G), RS1000042195 (8:100142221 T>C), RS1000088447 (8:100137378 C>G,T), RS1000444093 (8:100138359 T>C), RS1000580474 (8:100145440 G>A), RS1000628372 (8:100143069 T>G), RS1000646301 (8:100144023 T>C,G), RS1000663325 (8:100149412 G>A,C), RS1000913049 (8:100142486 A>T), RS1000945018 (8:100144353 A>G), RS1000995077 (8:100150767 C>G), RS1001088539 (8:100135708 G>A), RS1001350664 (8:100143946 A>G), RS1001603474 (8:100138987 T>A,G), RS1001845567 (8:100137741 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:609110 | disease phenotypes: MIM:619696, MIM:619697

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
spermatogenic failure 64	Limited	Unknown
oocyte maturation defect 12	Limited	Unknown

Mondo (3): spermatogenic failure 64 (MONDO:0030522), oocyte maturation defect 12 (MONDO:0030523), male infertility (MONDO:0005372)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

15 total (15 of 15 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000027	Azoospermia
HP:0000118	Phenotypic abnormality
HP:0000798	Oligozoospermia
HP:0000837	Increased circulating gonadotropin level
HP:0003251	Male infertility
HP:0008222	Female infertility
HP:0008669	Abnormal spermatogenesis
HP:0008734	Decreased testicular size
HP:0011462	Young adult onset
HP:0011961	Non-obstructive azoospermia
HP:0011962	Obstructive azoospermia
HP:0012865	Abnormal sperm head morphology
HP:0033335	Abnormal preimplantation embryonic development
HP:0034011	Reduced progressive sperm motility

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

24 total (human), top 24 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	affects expression, decreases expression, increases expression	3
belinostat	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Valproic Acid	affects expression, increases expression	2
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, decreases expression, increases activity	1
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate	decreases expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Leflunomide	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Cadmium	increases expression	1
Estradiol	decreases expression	1
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine	decreases expression	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	affects expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

125 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
NCT06100432	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia (DLBS5055) and Multivitamins (Vitamin C+Vitamin E+ β-carotene) for Infertile Males
NCT07523022	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups
NCT00975117	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Spermotrend in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01407432	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility
NCT01895816	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Herbal Tonic Fertile Supplement(ZO2C5)
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