FBXO44

Summary

FBXO44 (F-box protein 44, HGNC:24847) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1p36.22, encoding F-box only protein 44 (Q9H4M3). Substrate-recognition component of two distinct E3 ligase complexes, the SKP1-CUL1-FBXO44 complex and the CUL4B-DDB1-FBXO44 complex.

This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. It is also a member of the NFB42 (neural F Box 42 kDa) family, similar to F-box only protein 2 and F-box only protein 6. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 93611 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 73 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_033182

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:24847
Approved symbol	FBXO44
Name	F-box protein 44
Location	1p36.22
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FBX30, FBG3, MGC14140, Fbxo6a, Fbx44
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000132879
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	609111
Entrez	93611

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 23 — 23 protein_coding

ENST00000251546, ENST00000251547, ENST00000376760, ENST00000376762, ENST00000376768, ENST00000376770, ENST00000425796, ENST00000471895, ENST00000475435, ENST00000858192, ENST00000858193, ENST00000858194, ENST00000858195, ENST00000858196, ENST00000858197, ENST00000858198, ENST00000858199, ENST00000933204, ENST00000933205, ENST00000933206, ENST00000933207, ENST00000968217, ENST00000968218

RefSeq mRNA: 7 — MANE Select: NM_033182 NM_001014765, NM_001304790, NM_001304791, NM_001330355, NM_033182, NM_183412, NM_183413

CCDS: CCDS131, CCDS132, CCDS81261

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000251547 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000818914	11658267	11658393
ENSE00000955677	11655806	11656100
ENSE00001755240	11661130	11663327
ENSE00001875891	11654877	11654952
ENSE00003485315	11658533	11658628
ENSE00003623713	11658736	11658871

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 232 present calls, max score 99.07.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 17.0798 / max 217.7808, expressed in 1756 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
624	16.6795	1755
623	0.2256	96
625	0.1263	77
622	0.0484	21

Top tissues by expression

245 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	99.07	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	98.98	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	98.93	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	98.40	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	97.97	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	97.92	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	97.76	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	97.71	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	97.45	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	97.13	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	96.68	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	96.63	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	96.62	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	96.20	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	95.47	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	95.35	gold quality
frontal lobe	UBERON:0016525	95.35	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	95.19	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	95.09	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	95.01	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	94.48	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	94.32	gold quality
forebrain	UBERON:0001890	94.21	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	94.08	silver quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	93.97	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	93.93	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	93.86	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	93.61	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	93.51	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	93.29	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-84465	yes	6.50
E-ANND-3	no	2.42

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

54 targeting FBXO44, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-4725-3P	99.96	69.53	2520
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P	99.96	69.60	2562
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-6780A-5P	99.88	66.69	2776
HSA-MIR-4271	99.88	68.32	2244
HSA-MIR-383-3P	99.85	65.84	1359
HSA-MIR-6756-5P	99.82	67.97	2466
HSA-MIR-1273H-5P	99.77	66.32	2471
HSA-MIR-320A-3P	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320B	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320C	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320D	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-4429	99.77	69.62	2111
HSA-MIR-92A-2-5P	99.75	67.01	2164
HSA-MIR-6745	99.74	65.33	1321
HSA-MIR-10393-3P	99.72	66.56	961
HSA-MIR-6801-5P	99.72	66.50	981
HSA-MIR-30B-3P	99.70	65.76	2325
HSA-MIR-3689A-3P	99.70	65.73	2306
HSA-MIR-3689B-3P	99.70	65.71	2311
HSA-MIR-3689C	99.70	65.71	2311
HSA-MIR-6779-5P	99.70	65.76	2363
HSA-MIR-6766-5P	99.68	67.70	2325
HSA-MIR-6762-3P	99.66	66.94	1188
HSA-MIR-1827	99.63	68.57	3265

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• Skp1 and Fbg3 were co-expressed in E. coli. The plate-shaped crystals belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 34.1, b = 76.6, c = 193.9 A and one molecule per asymmetric unit. (PMID:20057081)
• FBXO44 mediates BRCA1 ubiquitination and degradation (PMID:23086937)
• FBXO44-mediated degradation of RGS2 protein uniquely depends on a Cul4B/DDB1 complex. (PMID:25970626)
• Although the overall structure of FBG3 is similar to that of Fbs1, the residues that form the Fbs1 carbohydrate-binding pocket failed to be superposed with the corresponding residues of FBG3. (PMID:26460611)
• N-Terminal Targeting of Regulator of G Protein Signaling Protein 2 for F-Box Only Protein 44-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation. (PMID:33008920)
• FBXO44 promotes DNA replication-coupled repetitive element silencing in cancer cells. (PMID:33357448)

Cross-species orthologs

12 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	fbxo44.5	ENSDARG00000012035
danio_rerio	fbxo44.1	ENSDARG00000022623
danio_rerio	fbxo6.3	ENSDARG00000037645
danio_rerio	fbxo44.7	ENSDARG00000057884
danio_rerio	fbxo6.2	ENSDARG00000057899
danio_rerio	fbxo44.9	ENSDARG00000071029
danio_rerio	fbxo44.3	ENSDARG00000071044
danio_rerio	fbxo44.10	ENSDARG00000092077
danio_rerio	fbxo44.8	ENSDARG00000092166
danio_rerio	fbxo6.1	ENSDARG00000115843
mus_musculus	Fbxo44	ENSMUSG00000029001
rattus_norvegicus	Fbxo44	ENSRNOG00000009298

Paralogs (5): FBXO2 (ENSG00000116661), FBXO6 (ENSG00000116663), FBXO27 (ENSG00000161243), NCCRP1 (ENSG00000188505), FBXO17 (ENSG00000269190)

Protein

Protein identifiers

F-box only protein 44 — Q9H4M3 (reviewed: Q9H4M3)

Alternative names: F-box protein FBX30, F-box/G-domain protein 3

All UniProt accessions (5): A0A0A0MSI6, B7Z1P2, Q9H4M3, R4GMZ8, R4GNH4

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Substrate-recognition component of two distinct E3 ligase complexes, the SKP1-CUL1-FBXO44 complex and the CUL4B-DDB1-FBXO44 complex. The complex SCF(FBXO44) complex ubiquitinates and mediates BRCA1 degradation. In association with cullin 4B/CUL4B and DDB1, mediates the ubiquitination of RGS2 leading to its degradation. Additionally, regulates the pregnane X receptor/NR1I2 protein level by ubiquitination and degradation.

Subunit / interactions. Part of a SCF (SKP1-cullin-F-box) protein ligase complex. Interacts with SKP1 and CUL1. Interacts with CUL4B and DDB1. Interacts wwith BRCA1; this interaction mediates BRCA1 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Interacts with RGS2; this interaction mediates RGS2 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Interacts with PXR/NR1I2; this interaction mediates PXR/NR1I2 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Abundantly expressed in brain and kidney. Expressed at lower levels in heart, spleen and liver.

Miscellaneous. In contrast to other FBA domain containing proteins, FBXO44 demonstrates no significant binding to any of the 200 glycans tested.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9H4M3-1	1	yes
Q9H4M3-2	2

RefSeq proteins (7): NP_001014765, NP_001291719, NP_001291720, NP_001317284, NP_149438, NP_904319, NP_904320 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001810	F-box_dom	Domain
IPR007397	F-box-assoc_dom	Domain
IPR008979	Galactose-bd-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036047	F-box-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR039752	F-box_only	Family

Pfam: PF04300, PF12937

UniProt features (33 total): strand 14, helix 11, domain 2, splice variant 2, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5B4N	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
3WSO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9H4M3-F1	92.60	0.82

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-8951664	Neddylation
R-HSA-983168	Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation

MSigDB gene sets: 93 (showing top): GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, WANG_CLIM2_TARGETS_UP, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, REACTOME_CLASS_I_MHC_MEDIATED_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_PRESENTATION, REACTOME_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_UBIQUITINATION_PROTEASOME_DEGRADATION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ENDOPLASMIC_RETICULUM_STRESS, GOBP_MACROMOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, AP1_Q4_01, TGANTCA_AP1_C, AACTTT_UNKNOWN, GOBP_SCF_DEPENDENT_PROTEASOMAL_UBIQUITIN_DEPENDENT_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PROTEASOMAL_PROTEIN_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ERAD_PATHWAY

GO Biological Process (5): glycoprotein catabolic process (GO:0006516), proteasomal protein catabolic process (GO:0010498), SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0031146), ERAD pathway (GO:0036503), proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (GO:0043161)

GO Molecular Function (3): ubiquitin-like ligase-substrate adaptor activity (GO:1990756), protein binding (GO:0005515), ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630)

GO Cellular Component (4): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), SCF ubiquitin ligase complex (GO:0019005)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Post-translational protein modification	1
Class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein catabolic process	2
proteasomal protein catabolic process	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
glycoprotein metabolic process	1
carbohydrate derivative catabolic process	1
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	1
response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	1
response to chemical	1
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	1
enzyme-substrate adaptor activity	1
binding	1
ubiquitin-protein transferase activity	1
ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

0 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

IntAct

33 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CDK13	CCNK	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.830
FBXO44	SKP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.800
SKP1	FBXO44	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.800
COPS6	RHOBTB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
SKP1	MYCBP2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
FBXO44	BORCS6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
BORCS6	FBXO44	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
CUL1	FBXO21	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.600
FBXO44	SERTAD3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SERTAD3	FBXO44	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FBXO44	CUL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FBXO44	DDX21	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
PRNP	CARNS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CUL1	LGALS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
COPS5	FBLL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
COPS6	DDX3X	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
COPS6		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SKP1	BHLHE40	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PHLDA3	HSPA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ERCC8	CCT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FBXO44	A2ML1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (99): FBXO44 (Two-hybrid), FBXO44 (Two-hybrid), FBXO44 (Two-hybrid), BRCA1 (Biochemical Activity), SKP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CUL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SPA17 (Affinity Capture-MS), FBXO44 (Affinity Capture-MS), FBXO44 (Affinity Capture-Western), RGS2 (Affinity Capture-Western), CUL4B (Affinity Capture-Western), CUL1 (Affinity Capture-Western), SKP1 (Affinity Capture-Western), DDB1 (Affinity Capture-Western), SKP1 (Co-crystal Structure)

ESM2 similar proteins: B2GV54, D3K5L7, E2R222, O60656, O95803, P16152, P52848, Q08DW9, Q0VCJ8, Q0VD27, Q15645, Q1JQE6, Q2HJ19, Q3U129, Q3UA06, Q3UHN9, Q4R766, Q5E9T4, Q5R8Y5, Q5RCU5, Q5XHZ9, Q5XIJ5, Q5ZIN0, Q5ZMH6, Q67FW5, Q6AYT7, Q6DD70, Q6GL10, Q6GV29, Q6PIU2, Q8BGB7, Q8BK26, Q8BLF1, Q8BWB6, Q8MI29, Q8N2K0, Q8NFT2, Q8VDI9, Q99JW1, Q99LR1

Diamond homologs: G3X9C2, Q17QK6, Q3SX24, Q568V3, Q6AY27, Q6DIA9, Q6ZVX7, Q80UW2, Q8NI29, Q923V4, Q96EF6, Q9H4M3, Q9N0C8, Q9NRD1, Q9QZM8, Q9UK22, Q8BK26, Q9QZN4

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
FBXO44	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	BRCA1	binding
FBXO44	“up-regulates activity”	“Cullin 1-RBX1-Skp1”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 25 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Neddylation	6	15.8×	2e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

73 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	40
Likely benign	23
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1638 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:11650831:CTCT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11650833:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11650842:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11656072:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
1:11656073:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
1:11658262:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11658263:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11658265:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11658265:A:AT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:11658265:AGAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11658265:AGAGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11658266:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11658266:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11658266:GAGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11658266:GAGGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:11658343:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
1:11658362:CAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
1:11658363:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
1:11658365:GTCA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:11658394:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
1:11658624:GACTG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:11658626:CTG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
1:11658627:TG:T	donor_gain	1.0000
1:11658627:TGGT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
1:11658628:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:11658628:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:11658629:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
1:11658629:GTG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:11658630:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:11658631:GAGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1678 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:11658311:T:A	W104R	0.998
1:11658311:T:C	W104R	0.998
1:11658545:G:C	K135N	0.997
1:11658545:G:T	K135N	0.997
1:11658863:T:A	W206R	0.997
1:11658863:T:C	W206R	0.997
1:11661241:A:C	S246R	0.997
1:11661243:C:A	S246R	0.997
1:11661243:C:G	S246R	0.997
1:11658313:G:C	W104C	0.995
1:11658313:G:T	W104C	0.995
1:11658377:T:C	F126L	0.995
1:11658379:C:A	F126L	0.995
1:11658379:C:G	F126L	0.995
1:11658865:G:C	W206C	0.995
1:11658865:G:T	W206C	0.995
1:11661179:T:C	F225S	0.995
1:11658281:T:A	W94R	0.994
1:11658281:T:C	W94R	0.994
1:11661224:G:A	G240D	0.994
1:11658562:T:A	L141H	0.993
1:11658624:G:C	D162H	0.993
1:11661142:T:C	F213L	0.993
1:11661144:C:A	F213L	0.993
1:11661144:C:G	F213L	0.993
1:11658312:G:C	W104S	0.992
1:11658546:T:C	S136P	0.992
1:11661178:T:C	F225L	0.992
1:11661180:T:A	F225L	0.992
1:11661180:T:G	F225L	0.992

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000097533 (1:11663779 C>T), RS1000641466 (1:11661435 C>G,T), RS1000704875 (1:11660438 G>C), RS1001074408 (1:11656176 T>A), RS1001165716 (1:11653494 A>T), RS1001269221 (1:11663454 TCAC>T), RS1001957857 (1:11660796 G>A), RS1002202050 (1:11655771 G>A), RS1002303826 (1:11652748 G>C), RS1002378695 (1:11655587 G>T), RS1002582379 (1:11658426 C>T), RS1002862438 (1:11658186 A>C,G), RS1002881033 (1:11657006 AG>A), RS1002952831 (1:11662157 A>G), RS1003075233 (1:11658681 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:609111 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST008478_1	Neurological blood protein biomarker levels	3.000000e-10
GCST010654_5	Arterial stiffness (brachial-femoral pulse wave velocity)	1.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004517	arterial stiffness measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

17 total (human), top 17 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
alpha phellandrene	increases expression	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression, increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
jinfukang	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	decreases expression	1
Doxorubicin	increases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Urethane	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.