FGA

Summary

FGA (fibrinogen alpha chain, HGNC:3661) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q31.3, encoding Fibrinogen alpha chain (P02671). Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix.

This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the coagulation factor fibrinogen, which is a component of the blood clot. Following vascular injury, the encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed by thrombin during the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including dysfibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia, afibrinogenemia and renal amyloidosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that undergoes proteolytic processing.

Source: NCBI Gene 2243 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): congenital fibrinogen deficiency (Definitive, ClinGen) — +6 more curated relationships
• GWAS associations: 6
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 357 total — 26 pathogenic, 25 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 43
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_021871

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:3661
Approved symbol	FGA
Name	fibrinogen alpha chain
Location	4q31.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000171560
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	134820
Entrez	2243

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 6 protein_coding

ENST00000403106, ENST00000651975, ENST00000911090, ENST00000911091, ENST00000951262, ENST00000951263

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_021871 NM_000508, NM_021871

CCDS: CCDS3787, CCDS47152

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000403106 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001127274	154587512	154587657
ENSE00001127283	154588793	154588976
ENSE00001127292	154589437	154589562
ENSE00001551151	154585275	154586918
ENSE00003844657	154590634	154590742

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 153 present calls, max score 99.94.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 136.9775 / max 75764.7928, expressed in 172 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (18 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
54494	135.7083	168
54470	0.2098	7
54469	0.1403	9
54468	0.1136	7
54464	0.1121	10
54483	0.1067	8
54487	0.1066	10
54484	0.0971	8
54488	0.0826	7
203386	0.0676	8

Top tissues by expression

290 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	99.94	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	99.92	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	89.77	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	87.30	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	82.22	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	80.55	silver quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	80.42	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	79.94	silver quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	79.22	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	79.17	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	79.06	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	76.60	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	76.50	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	75.61	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	74.32	silver quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	74.18	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	74.16	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	73.67	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	72.98	silver quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	72.91	silver quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	72.79	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	71.72	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	70.21	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	69.92	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	69.32	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	68.78	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	67.72	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	67.70	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	66.98	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	66.78	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 7 experiment(s), a significant marker in 7.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-130473	yes	16386.57
E-MTAB-10137	yes	7992.80
E-HCAD-9	yes	7960.63
E-MTAB-10553	yes	4245.52
E-CURD-98	yes	3628.48
E-MTAB-7407	yes	1775.98
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CEBPA, STAT3, TFCP2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

70 targeting FGA, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-6077	99.99	68.04	2299
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-551B-5P	99.96	71.28	3493
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-101-3P	99.94	75.03	2230
HSA-MIR-144-3P	99.94	73.98	2698
HSA-MIR-548AS-5P	99.94	71.22	3482
HSA-MIR-335-3P	99.93	73.36	4958
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-3671	99.90	73.04	3897
HSA-MIR-5682	99.89	72.56	1005
HSA-MIR-6715A-3P	99.83	68.05	1473
HSA-MIR-139-5P	99.80	69.50	1399
HSA-MIR-374C-5P	99.80	72.06	2910
HSA-MIR-655-3P	99.80	72.19	2909
HSA-MIR-4668-5P	99.79	70.58	3782
HSA-MIR-548AJ-5P	99.78	71.12	3085
HSA-MIR-548F-5P	99.78	71.02	3093
HSA-MIR-548G-5P	99.78	71.12	3085
HSA-MIR-548X-5P	99.78	71.12	3085

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• genotypes are associated with plasma fibrinogen levels in Chinese (PMID:11546832)
• The TaqI polymorphism is due to a 28bp duplication at 6587-6614. (PMID:11583334)
• The new dysfunctional fibrinogen, San Giovanni Rotondo variant, a heterozygous single-base deletion at Ala499 in the Aalpha-chain gene, predicts AA changes encoded by the rest of exon V and a premature stop at 518 (Aalpha[499]Ala frameshift stop). (PMID:11776317)
• Four novel polymorphisms in the fibrinogen Aalpha gene are described: 2 SNPs at -3 and -1051 and a dinucleotide repeat at -946 and a TaqI polymorphism. (PMID:11858505)
• Although the FGA mutation is the same in fibrinogen Rouen and fibrinogen Saint-Germain I, the latter shows a different thrombin-induced fibrinopeptide release pattern and a mild factor V deficiency. (PMID:11914657)
• Fibrinogen isoform alpha C-domain consists of a compact globular cooperative unit attached to the bulk of the molecule by an extended NH2-terminal connector region with a helical poly(L-proline) type II conformation. (PMID:12009908)
• dysfibrinogenemia caused by variation: amino acid substition in position 16 Arg-His (PMID:12193970)
• Analysis of the IVS3delGTAA mutation showed exon 3 skipping in 99% of transcripts & exons 2 & 3 skipping in 1% of transcripts. In FGA intron 3 was preferentially spliced first, followed by intron 2, intron 4, & intron 1. (PMID:12406899)
• review of details of the structure, binding interactions, and function of each of the fibrinogen chains, FGA, FGB, FGG (PMID:12617173)
• Functional analysis of the fibrinogen Aalpha Thr312Ala polymorphism: effects on fibrin structure and function. (PMID:12707238)
• newly identified nonsense mutation G4731T gives rise to a new stop codon at Aalpha-Glu 467; plasma clots from the patients were composed of very thin fibers, with increased fibrin density and reduced pore size (PMID:15166913)
• Review. Genetic and environmental factors alter fibrin structure and function. This has implications for the clinical presentation of vascular disease. (PMID:15217804)
• activated factor XIII incorporates thymosin beta(4) into the isolated gamma-module and alphaC-domain (fibrinogen A alpha); in fibrin the latter serves as the major incorporation site (PMID:15311936)
• mechanism of the alphaC domain-mediated interaction of endothelial cells with fibrin and imply its potential involvement in cell migration (PMID:15637140)
• Prepubertal obese boys exhibited impaired aerobic fitness compared with their normal weight peers irrespective of the TaqI alpha-fibrinogen genotypes that may be associated with fatness in boys. (PMID:15795809)
• results of the present study provided insufficient evidence of the existence of a major [cleft lip/palate] susceptibility locus in the 4q region (PMID:15865460)
• PAI-1 directly bound to the alpha(20-88) and thus concentrated in fibrinogen/fibrin (PMID:16210568)
• Data show that SPARC binds to plasmin-cleaved fibrinogen, but not to native fibrinogen. (PMID:16263253)
• Data indicated that functional genetic variants in FGA are risk factors for venous thromboembolism in Taiwanese populations, and determination of FGA genotypes will likely contribute to primary prevention of this condition. (PMID:16362348)
• Hereditary systemic amyloidosis comprises several autosomal dominant diseases caused by mutations in a number of plasma proteins, including the fibrinogen Aalpha-chain. (PMID:16468976)
• High plasma fibrinogen concentration was associated with non-small cell lung cancer (PMID:16698114)
• In young adults, fibrinogen multi-locus genotypes are associated with plasma fibrinogen levels (PMID:16706972)
• a significant gene-covariate interaction exists between the FXIII Val34Leu variant and fibrinogen levels (PMID:16881935)
• analysis of novel missense mutation (Aa D496N) that may have a role in hypofibrinogenaemia (PMID:16894470)
• Flow induced alpha2beta1 activation in cells on collagen, but not on fibronectin or fibrinogen. Conversely, alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 are activated on fibronectin and fibrinogen, but not collagen. (PMID:16928957)
• Thus, apo(a) may interact with intact fibrin through the Lys-independent and Lys-dependent mechanisms, while the COOH-Lys-dependent mechanism may prevail in the presence of fibrinolytic activity. (PMID:16939214)
• Both desA-fibrin with exposed A-knobs and desB-fibrin bearing B-knobs interacted with fragment D from the gammaD364H fibrinogen containing b-holes but no functional a-holes. (PMID:16940416)
• Manganese and activators of the ERK pathway cooperated in HT29-D4 cell adhesion to fibrinogen. (PMID:17275949)
• the identification of 8 novel mutations, confirming the relative importance of FGA in the molecular basis of fibrinogen deficiency (PMID:17295221)
• the common -148 C/T polymorphism is associated with differences in the TNFalpha release in response to systemic LPS infusion in humans (PMID:17303222)
• Fibrinogen and fibrin modulate the activity of tPA differently in regard to their activation of plasminogen and inhibition by PAI-1 (PMID:17408411)
• The Aalpha16 Arg mutationS resulted in an impaired fibrinopeptide A release (PMID:17408725)
• REVIEW: the N-terminus of Bbeta, the C-terminus of Aalpha, and the splice variant gamma’ modulate fibrin clot structure (PMID:17414213)
• alpha-fibrinogen Thr312Ala is involved in the pathogenesis of VTE and its action may be modified by other VTE risk factors, BMI and the FXIII Val34Leu variant (PMID:17433418)
• a role of the alphaC domain in the stabilization of fibrin gel (PMID:17565234)
• The A alpha and B beta chains of fibrinogen, but not the gamma chains, are specifically recognized by Treponema denticola ATCC 35405, which may promote colonization and modulate hemostasis. (PMID:17591786)
• Fibrinogen has a role in controlling human platelet fibronectin internalization and cell-surface retention (PMID:17596138)
• Results provide the first direct evidence for the interaction between the alphaC-domains and the central E region through fibrinopeptide B, and indicate that fibrinopeptide A is also involved. (PMID:17630702)
• VWF and fibrinogen are differentially packaged in human platelets (PMID:17650077)
• The peptides GPRPam and GPRPYam, which are surrogate A-knobs, were tested for their influence on fibrin polymerization with fibrinogen from lamprey and humans. (PMID:17688324)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	angptl2a	ENSDARG00000024030
danio_rerio		ENSDARG00000116302

Paralogs (25): TNC (ENSG00000041982), FCN1 (ENSG00000085265), ANGPT2 (ENSG00000091879), ANGPT4 (ENSG00000101280), FGL1 (ENSG00000104760), FN1 (ENSG00000115414), TNR (ENSG00000116147), ANGPTL1 (ENSG00000116194), TNN (ENSG00000120332), FGL2 (ENSG00000127951), FIBCD1 (ENSG00000130720), ANGPTL6 (ENSG00000130812), ANGPTL3 (ENSG00000132855), ANGPTL2 (ENSG00000136859), FCN3 (ENSG00000142748), FNDC7 (ENSG00000143107), ANGPT1 (ENSG00000154188), FCN2 (ENSG00000160339), MFAP4 (ENSG00000166482), ANGPTL4 (ENSG00000167772), TNXB (ENSG00000168477), FGG (ENSG00000171557), FGB (ENSG00000171564), ANGPTL7 (ENSG00000171819), ANGPTL5 (ENSG00000187151)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Fibrinogen alpha chain — P02671 (reviewed: P02671)

All UniProt accessions (1): P02671

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway. Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy. Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. May also facilitate the immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways.

Subunit / interactions. Heterohexamer; disulfide linked. Contains 2 sets of 3 non-identical chains (alpha, beta and gamma). The 2 heterotrimers are in head to head conformation with the N-termini in a small central domain. (Microbial infection) Interacts with Staphylococcus aureus protein Fib; this interaction inhibits fibrinogen-dependent platelet aggregation and protects the bacteria form phagocytosis.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Detected in blood plasma (at protein level).

Post-translational modifications. The alpha chain is normally not N-glycosylated, even though glycosylation at Asn-686 was observed when a fragment of the protein was expressed in insect cells. It is well known that heterologous expression of isolated domains can lead to adventitious protein modifications. Besides, glycosylation at Asn-686 is supported by large-scale glycoproteomics studies, but the evidence is still quite tenuous. Most likely, Asn-686 is not glycosylated in the healthy human body, or only with low efficiency. O-glycosylated. Forms F13A-mediated cross-links between a glutamine and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue, forming fibronectin-fibrinogen heteropolymers. About one-third of the alpha chains in the molecules in blood were found to be phosphorylated. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is triggered by thrombin, which cleaves fibrinopeptides A and B from alpha and beta chains, and thus exposes the N-terminal polymerization sites responsible for the formation of the soft clot. The soft clot is converted into the hard clot by factor XIIIA which catalyzes the epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-linking between gamma chains (stronger) and between alpha chains (weaker) of different monomers. Phosphorylated by FAM20C in the extracellular medium.

Disease relevance. Congenital afibrinogenemia (CAFBN) [MIM:202400] Rare autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by bleeding that varies from mild to severe and by complete absence or extremely low levels of plasma and platelet fibrinogen. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. The majority of cases of afibrinogenemia are due to truncating mutations. Variations in position Arg-35 (the site of cleavage of fibrinopeptide a by thrombin) leads to alpha-dysfibrinogenemias. Amyloidosis, hereditary systemic 2 (AMYLD2) [MIM:105200] A form of hereditary systemic amyloidosis, a disorder characterized by amyloid deposition in multiple tissues resulting in a wide clinical spectrum. AMYLD2 is an autosomal dominant form characterized by deposition of amyloid preferentially in the glomeruli of the kidney. It clinically presents with hypertension, proteinuria, and finally azotemia. Involvement of liver and spleen may be seen in advanced cases, but heavy glomerular deposition without significant medium sized vessel involvement is characteristic of the disease. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Dysfibrinogenemia, congenital (DYSFIBRIN) [MIM:616004] A disorder characterized by qualitative abnormalities (dysfibrinogenemia) of the circulating fibrinogen. Affected individuals are frequently asymptomatic, but some patients have bleeding diathesis, thromboembolic complications, or both. In some cases, dysfibrinogenemia is associated with low circulating fibrinogen levels (hypodysfibrinogenemia). The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Domain organisation. A long coiled coil structure formed by 3 polypeptide chains connects the central nodule to the C-terminal domains (distal nodules). The long C-terminal ends of the alpha chains fold back, contributing a fourth strand to the coiled coil structure.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P02671-1	1, Alpha-E	yes
P02671-2	2, Alpha

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_000499, NP_068657* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002181	Fibrinogen_a/b/g_C_dom	Domain
IPR012290	Fibrinogen_a/b/g_coil_dom	Domain
IPR014716	Fibrinogen_a/b/g_C_1	Homologous_superfamily
IPR020837	Fibrinogen_CS	Conserved_site
IPR021996	Fibrinogen_aC	Domain
IPR036056	Fibrinogen-like_C	Homologous_superfamily
IPR037579	FIB_ANG-like	Family

Pfam: PF00147, PF08702, PF12160

UniProt features (123 total): sequence variant 22, modified residue 16, strand 15, helix 11, turn 8, disulfide bond 8, cross-link 8, compositionally biased region 7, sequence conflict 6, binding site 4, site 4, glycosylation site 4, region of interest 3, splice variant 2, signal peptide 1, peptide 1, chain 1, domain 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

39 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5CFA	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.45
4F27	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.92
1FZD	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
1BBR	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
1FZC	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
3E1I	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
2OYH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
1RE3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.45
1DM4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
1FPH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
1FZG	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
1YCP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
3AT0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
1RF1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.53
2HLO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
3BVH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
1FZF	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
1RE4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
2H43	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
2OYI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
2Z4E	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
1LT9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
1LTJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
2Q9I	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
1RF0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.81
2FFD	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.89
1FZA	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.9
1FZB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.9
2HOD	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.9
2HPC	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.9

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P02671-F1	61.58	0.23

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (4): 35–36 (cleavage; by thrombin; to release fibrinopeptide a); 100–101 (cleavage; by plasmin; to break down fibrin clots); 121–122 (cleavage; by hementin; to prevent blood coagulation); 123–124 (cleavage; by plasmin; to break down fibrin clots)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 791; 793; 795; 797

Post-translational modifications (24): 22, 45, 50, 56, 281, 291, 294, 364, 412, 451, 501, 505, 524, 560, 565, 609, 322, 347, 385, 527 …

Disulfide bonds (8): 47, 55, 64, 68, 180, 184, 461–491, 799–812

Glycosylation sites (4): 320, 351, 453, 686

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

23 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-114608	Platelet degranulation
R-HSA-1236974	ER-Phagosome pathway
R-HSA-166058	MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane
R-HSA-216083	Integrin cell surface interactions
R-HSA-354192	Integrin signaling
R-HSA-354194	GRB2:SOS provides linkage to MAPK signaling for Integrins
R-HSA-372708	p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins
R-HSA-381426	Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)
R-HSA-5602498	MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4)
R-HSA-5603041	IRAK4 deficiency (TLR2/4)
R-HSA-5674135	MAP2K and MAPK activation
R-HSA-5686938	Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand
R-HSA-6802946	Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants
R-HSA-6802948	Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants
R-HSA-6802952	Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions
R-HSA-6802955	Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF
R-HSA-8957275	Post-translational protein phosphorylation
R-HSA-9649948	Signaling downstream of RAS mutants
R-HSA-9656223	Signaling by RAF1 mutants
R-HSA-9769733	Fibrin formation
R-HSA-977225	Amyloid fiber formation
R-HSA-9936686	Aggregated β-amyloid interacts with fibrinogen
R-HSA-140875

MSigDB gene sets: 424 (showing top): GOBP_PROTEIN_ACTIVATION_CASCADE, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_ANTIMICROBIAL_HUMORAL_RESPONSE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_WOUND_HEALING, GOBP_CIRCULATORY_SYSTEM_PROCESS, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, REACTOME_CLASS_I_MHC_MEDIATED_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_PRESENTATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_COAGULATION, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, REACTOME_PLATELET_AGGREGATION_PLUG_FORMATION, REACTOME_PLATELET_ACTIVATION_SIGNALING_AND_AGGREGATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HETEROTYPIC_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_PLATELET_ACTIVATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_MAPK_CASCADE

GO Biological Process (25): adaptive immune response (GO:0002250), cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0007160), plasminogen activation (GO:0031639), positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0034116), fibrinolysis (GO:0042730), induction of bacterial agglutination (GO:0043152), innate immune response (GO:0045087), positive regulation of vasoconstriction (GO:0045907), positive regulation of exocytosis (GO:0045921), positive regulation of protein secretion (GO:0050714), protein polymerization (GO:0051258), response to calcium ion (GO:0051592), protein-containing complex assembly (GO:0065003), positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade (GO:0070374), platelet aggregation (GO:0070527), blood coagulation, common pathway (GO:0072377), blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation (GO:0072378), positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion (GO:0090277), positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading (GO:1900026), negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors (GO:1902042), negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process (GO:2000352), immune system process (GO:0002376), blood coagulation (GO:0007596), hemostasis (GO:0007599), platelet activation (GO:0030168)

GO Molecular Function (7): signaling receptor binding (GO:0005102), structural molecule activity (GO:0005198), extracellular matrix structural constituent (GO:0005201), protein-macromolecule adaptor activity (GO:0030674), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), protein binding (GO:0005515), cell adhesion molecule binding (GO:0050839)

GO Cellular Component (14): extracellular region (GO:0005576), fibrinogen complex (GO:0005577), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), endoplasmic reticulum lumen (GO:0005788), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), external side of plasma membrane (GO:0009897), cell surface (GO:0009986), extracellular matrix (GO:0031012), platelet alpha granule (GO:0031091), platelet alpha granule lumen (GO:0031093), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), blood microparticle (GO:0072562), extracellular vesicle (GO:1903561)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-17 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Oncogenic MAPK signaling	5
Integrin signaling	2
Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade	2
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+	1
Antigen processing-Cross presentation	1
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade	1
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade	1
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade	1
Extracellular matrix organization	1
Signal Transduction	1
Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation)	1
Metabolism of proteins	1
RAF/MAP kinase cascade	1
Toll-like Receptor Cascades	1
Post-translational protein modification	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein binding	3
cellular anatomical structure	3
immune response	2
positive regulation of secretion by cell	2
protein activation cascade	2
extracellular region	2
cell-substrate adhesion	1
zymogen activation	1
positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion	1
heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	1
regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	1
negative regulation of blood coagulation	1
antibacterial humoral response	1
defense response to symbiont	1
regulation of vasoconstriction	1
vasoconstriction	1
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
exocytosis	1
regulation of exocytosis	1
protein secretion	1
regulation of protein secretion	1
positive regulation of protein transport	1
protein-containing complex assembly	1
response to metal ion	1
cellular component assembly	1
protein-containing complex organization	1
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	1
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1
platelet activation	1
homotypic cell-cell adhesion	1
blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation	1
blood coagulation	1
positive regulation of peptide secretion	1
peptide hormone secretion	1
positive regulation of hormone secretion	1
regulation of peptide hormone secretion	1
positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion	1
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	1
regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2118 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
FGA	FGB	P02675	957
FGA	FGG	P02679	941
FGA	F2	P00734	887
FGA	SERPIND1	P05546	847
FGA	A2M	P01023	804
FGA	SERPINC1	P01008	800
FGA	PLG	P00747	799
FGA	ITGB3	P05106	798
FGA	HRG	P04196	789
FGA	VWF	P04275	786
FGA	GGACT	Q9BVM4	768
FGA	PLAT	P00750	761
FGA	LYZ	P00695	759
FGA	PROS1	P07225	759
FGA	PF4	P02776	745

IntAct

84 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
FGA	FGB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.850
FGA	FGB	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.850
WIPF2	WASL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.850
MAPK6	HERC2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.840
FGA	FAM20C	psi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)	0.620
FAM20C	FGA	psi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)	0.620
FGA	YWHAQ	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FGA		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.550
YWHAQ	IGLC7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LGALS3	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FGA	APOA1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.480
FGA	KLK6	psi-mi:“MI:0570”(protein cleavage)	0.440
FGA	PASK	psi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)	0.440
MIS12	C1 segment	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	CD5L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	LECT2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
FGA	ADAM21	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
KRT18	FGA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
FGA	iglC2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
	FGA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370

BioGRID (125): FGA (Affinity Capture-MS), FGA (Affinity Capture-MS), FGA (Affinity Capture-MS), FGA (Co-localization), F2 (Co-localization), FGA (Synthetic Lethality), FGA (Affinity Capture-MS), FGA (Affinity Capture-MS), FGA (Affinity Capture-MS), FGA (Affinity Capture-MS), FGA (Affinity Capture-MS), FGA (Affinity Capture-MS), ITGA2B (Protein-peptide), ITGB3 (Protein-peptide), MEOX2 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0D1CVX2, A0A172M4N0, A2VE23, B3A0P1, B3A0P6, B3A0Q2, B3A0Q7, D1FQ14, F1NSM7, G5EC21, H2A0M1, K9N4Q4, O19084, O36415, O46203, O55196, O84462, P02671, P02672, P04279, P24804, P34468, Q04536, Q04807, Q15517, Q1XI13, Q27002, Q5TM45, Q6AYN3, Q6E0U4, Q6GX35, Q6P253, Q6UX39, Q6UXA7, Q7TPC1, Q7YR44, Q80Y39, Q86HP9, Q8BM15, Q8K4L6

Diamond homologs: A0A8J8, A2AV25, D8VNS7, D8VNS8, D8VNS9, D8VNT0, E2IYB3, E9PV24, O00602, O08538, O15123, O18920, O35460, O35462, O35608, O43827, O70165, O70497, O75636, O77802, O93526, O95841, P02671, P02675, P02676, P02678, P02679, P02680, P04115, P06399, P10039, P12799, P12804, P14448, P14480, P17634, P19477, P21520, P22105, P24821

SIGNOR signaling

14 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
“AIIB/b3 integrin”	“up-regulates activity”	FGA	binding
FGA	up-regulates	ITGAX	binding
FGA	up-regulates	Platelet_aggregation
FGA	“form complex”	Fibrinogen	binding
MMP13	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	FGA	cleavage
MMP14	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	FGA	cleavage
MMP12	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	FGA	cleavage
MMP8	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	FGA	cleavage

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 85 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)	7	10.4×	2e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

357 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	26
Likely pathogenic	25
Uncertain significance	222
Likely benign	21
Benign	18

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1098473	NM_000508.5(FGA):c.2155del (p.Gln719fs)	Pathogenic
1175169	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1001G>A (p.Trp334Ter)	Pathogenic
16404	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.104G>A (p.Arg35His)	Pathogenic
16409	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1622del (p.Val541fs)	Pathogenic
16412	NM_000508.3(FGA):c.116T>A (p.Val39Asp)	Pathogenic
16413	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1629del (p.Thr544fs)	Pathogenic
16414	NC_000004.12:g.(154580323_154580329)_(154590210_154590216)del	Pathogenic
16417	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.711dup (p.Lys238Ter)	Pathogenic
1677441	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.718C>T (p.Gln240Ter)	Pathogenic
1696375	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.448C>T (p.Gln150Ter)	Pathogenic
1879618	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1670_1673del (p.Thr557fs)	Pathogenic
2506047	NC_000004.11:g.(?155506411)(155510715_155511785)del	Pathogenic
2632481	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1483_1495del (p.Met495fs)	Pathogenic
2683312	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.163T>C (p.Cys55Arg)	Pathogenic
2691433	NC_000004.11:g.(?155506426)(155511895_?)del	Pathogenic
3356488	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1541del (p.Pro514fs)	Pathogenic
3380988	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1037del (p.Asn346fs)	Pathogenic
3544392	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.180G>A (p.Trp60Ter)	Pathogenic
3896539	NC_000004.11:g.(?155506426)(155510715_155511785)del	Pathogenic
3902682	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.187A>T (p.Lys63Ter)	Pathogenic
402230	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.502C>T (p.Arg168Ter)	Pathogenic
627159	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.945del (p.Gly316fs)	Pathogenic
627196	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.103C>A (p.Arg35Ser)	Pathogenic
627199	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.104G>C (p.Arg35Pro)	Pathogenic
800649	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.811C>T (p.Arg271Ter)	Pathogenic
817729	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.327_337del (p.Met110fs)	Pathogenic
1333679	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1690_1699dup (p.Ile567fs)	Likely pathogenic
1335568	NM_021871.4(FGA):c.1827del (p.Ser609fs)	Likely pathogenic
16401	FIBRINOGEN DETROIT 1	Likely pathogenic
16402	NM_000508.3(FGA):c.112A>G (p.Arg38Gly)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

782 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
4:154586917:ACCTA:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154586918:CCTAG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154586919:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154586919:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154586920:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154587508:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154587509:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154587510:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154587510:ACCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154587511:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154587511:C:CG	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154587511:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154587511:CCTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154587653:ACGGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154587654:CGGT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154587654:CGGTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154587655:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154587656:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154587658:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154587659:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154588789:TTACT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154588790:TACTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154588791:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154588791:ACTAT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154588792:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154588792:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154588792:CTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154588792:CTAT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154588792:CTATT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154588972:TAGTT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

4234 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
4:154588966:C:G	C64S	0.997
4:154588967:A:G	C64R	0.997
4:154588967:A:T	C64S	0.997
4:154588954:C:G	C68S	0.996
4:154588955:A:T	C68S	0.996
4:154589437:C:A	W60C	0.996
4:154589437:C:G	W60C	0.996
4:154588955:A:G	C68R	0.995
4:154589453:C:G	C55S	0.995
4:154589454:A:G	C55R	0.995
4:154589454:A:T	C55S	0.995
4:154588894:A:G	L88P	0.994
4:154588965:G:C	C64W	0.994
4:154589452:G:C	C55W	0.994
4:154589453:C:T	C55Y	0.992
4:154586889:A:C	C180W	0.990
4:154586890:C:T	C180Y	0.989
4:154586891:A:G	C180R	0.989
4:154586890:C:G	C180S	0.988
4:154586891:A:T	C180S	0.988
4:154587600:A:G	L141P	0.987
4:154587621:A:G	L134P	0.987
4:154588966:C:T	C64Y	0.987
4:154586877:G:C	C184W	0.986
4:154587516:A:G	L169P	0.986
4:154587558:A:G	L155P	0.986
4:154588953:G:C	C68W	0.986
4:154588954:C:T	C68Y	0.986
4:154586878:C:T	C184Y	0.985
4:154586878:C:G	C184S	0.984

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000231889 (4:154590956 G>A), RS1000929581 (4:154583648 T>C), RS1001118296 (4:154590742 T>A), RS1001142989 (4:154589716 T>C), RS1001233170 (4:154585366 C>G,T), RS1001302271 (4:154590027 T>C,G), RS1001322608 (4:154589280 G>A), RS1001353230 (4:154589062 T>G), RS1001435833 (4:154582629 T>C), RS1002282144 (4:154591063 T>C), RS1002357742 (4:154590426 C>T), RS1002438499 (4:154585025 C>A), RS1002465300 (4:154583883 G>T), RS1002742445 (4:154591387 A>G), RS1003235341 (4:154585523 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:134820 | disease phenotypes: MIM:105200, MIM:202400, MIM:616004, MIM:227400

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
congenital afibrinogenemia	Definitive	Autosomal recessive
familial dysfibrinogenemia	Definitive	Autosomal dominant
familial visceral amyloidosis	Strong	Autosomal dominant
thrombophilia	Strong	Autosomal dominant
congenital fibrinogen deficiency	Strong	Semidominant
familial hypofibrinogenemia	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
AFib amyloidosis	Supportive	Autosomal dominant

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
congenital fibrinogen deficiency	Definitive	SD

Mondo (10): familial visceral amyloidosis (MONDO:0007099), congenital afibrinogenemia (MONDO:0008737), familial dysfibrinogenemia (MONDO:0014452), congenital factor V deficiency (MONDO:0009210), familial hypodysfibrinogenemia (MONDO:0016638), AFib amyloidosis (MONDO:0019733), thrombocytopenia (MONDO:0002049), thrombophilia (MONDO:0002305), familial hypofibrinogenemia (MONDO:0015096), congenital fibrinogen deficiency (MONDO:0018060)

Orphanet (8): Congenital fibrinogen deficiency (Orphanet:335), Hereditary amyloidosis with primary renal involvement (Orphanet:85450), Familial afibrinogenemia (Orphanet:98880), Familial dysfibrinogenemia (Orphanet:98881), Congenital factor V deficiency (Orphanet:326), Familial hypodysfibrinogenemia (Orphanet:248408), Immunodeficiency with factor I anomaly (Orphanet:200418), AFib amyloidosis (Orphanet:93562)

HPO phenotypes

43 total (30 of 43 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000093	Proteinuria
HP:0000100	Nephrotic syndrome
HP:0000112	Nephropathy
HP:0000225	Gingival bleeding
HP:0000421	Epistaxis
HP:0000790	Hematuria
HP:0000822	Hypertension
HP:0000969	Edema
HP:0000978	Bruising susceptibility
HP:0000988	Skin rash
HP:0001342	Cerebral hemorrhage
HP:0001386	Joint swelling
HP:0001396	Cholestasis
HP:0001522	Death in infancy
HP:0001744	Splenomegaly
HP:0001892	Abnormal bleeding
HP:0001917	Renal amyloidosis
HP:0001934	Persistent bleeding after trauma
HP:0002239	Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
HP:0002240	Hepatomegaly
HP:0002248	Hematemesis
HP:0003216	Generalized amyloid deposition
HP:0003577	Congenital onset
HP:0003581	Adult onset
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0003811	Neonatal death
HP:0003819	Death in childhood
HP:0004936	Venous thrombosis

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000368_6	Fibrinogen	8.000000e-39
GCST001049_6	D-dimer levels	3.000000e-18
GCST001158_2	Fibrinogen	9.000000e-90
GCST001253_2	Venous thromboembolism	2.000000e-13
GCST011359_13	Venous thromboembolism	9.000000e-10
GCST012523_3	Venous thromboembolism	5.000000e-24

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004507	D dimer measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (4)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D000347	Afibrinogenemia	C15.378.100.100.056; C15.378.100.141.072; C15.378.463.067; C16.320.099.056
D013921	Thrombocytopenia	C15.378.140.855; C15.378.243.937
D019851	Thrombophilia	C15.378.925
C538249	Amyloidosis, familial visceral (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2364709 (PROTEIN COMPLEX)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs2070011	FGA		0.00	0

CTD chemical–gene interactions

79 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation, affects expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	9
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	decreases expression, increases expression	6
Ethinyl Estradiol	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	5
Valproic Acid	affects expression, decreases expression, decreases methylation	5
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination	affects binding, increases expression	4
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	4
Gestodene	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Acetaminophen	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
Estradiol	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	affects methylation, decreases expression	2
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression	2
Progesterone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	2
Snake Venoms	affects binding, increases cleavage	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, decreases expression, decreases methylation	2
Levonorgestrel	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
benzo(b)fluoranthene	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
norgestimate	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
tetrabromobisphenol A	decreases expression, increases response to substance	1
3,4,5,3’,4’-pentachlorobiphenyl	decreases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_E0U8	Ubigene Hep G2 FGA KO	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

286 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02822599	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Human Fibrinogen Concentrate in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
NCT01214772	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Heparin in Treatment IVF-ET Failure
NCT03531437	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Comparison of Coagulation Profiles Between Zoely and Minidoz: RCT
NCT00039858	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Argatroban Injection in Pediatric Patients Requiring Anticoagulant Alternatives to Heparin
NCT00239733	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Anti-D for Treating Thrombocytopenia in Adults Infected With Hepatitis C Virus With or Without HIV Co-Infection
NCT00907478	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study on Bone Marrow Morphology in Adults Receiving Romiplostim for Treatment of Thrombocytopenia Associated With Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)
NCT01727401	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Thromboprophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Acutely-ill Medical Inpatients With Thrombocytopenia
NCT02032134	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Protocol for the Infusion of Buffy Coat-derived Cryopreserved Platelets in Patients With Severe Thrombocytopenia
NCT02267993	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of rhTPO for the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia After Chemotherapy in AML Patients
NCT03633019	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	High-dose Use of rhTPO in CIT Patients
NCT03688191	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study of Sirolimus in CTD-TP in China
NCT04906083	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Avatrombopag in Patients With End-stage Liver Disease and Thrombocytopenia
NCT05217719	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effects of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin on Platelet Levels in ICU Patients
NCT05255003	PHASE4	RECRUITING	STrategies for Anticoagulation in Patients With thRombocytopenia and Cancer-associated Thrombosis
NCT05382013	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Avatrombopag for Treating TCP in HBV-ACLF Patients Receiving ALSS Treatment
NCT05944458	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine in Preventing Linezolid-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Critically Ill Patients
NCT06562738	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Clinical Study on Efficacy and Safety of Hetrombopag in the Preoperative Patients of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00916656	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Fibrinogen Concentrate (Human) - Efficacy and Safety Study
NCT02065882	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetic, Efficacy and Safety of BT524 in Patients With Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency
NCT04636268	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	FIB Grifols Congenital Deficiency for On-demand Treatment and Surgical Prophylaxis
NCT00967382	PHASE3	COMPLETED	TIPPS: Thrombophilia in Pregnancy Prophylaxis Study
NCT01046942	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	ThrombElastoGraphic Haemostatic Status and Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
NCT06153394	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Prolonged Hypercoagulability Following Major Liver Resection for Malignancy
NCT02267226	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of Octafibrin for On-demand Treatment of Acute Bleeding and to Prevent Bleeding During and After Surgery
NCT02408484	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetic of Octafibrin in Paediatric Subjects With Fibrinogen Deficiency
NCT00037791	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of (PN-152,243)/PN-196,444 in the Prevention of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00039910	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of (PN-152,243)/PN-196,444 in the Prevention of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00073580	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Angiomax in Patients With HIT/HITTS Type II Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) (CHOOSE)
NCT00102323	PHASE3	COMPLETED	AMG 531 Treatment of Thrombocytopenic Subjects With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Refractory to Splenectomy
NCT00102336	PHASE3	COMPLETED	AMG 531 Treatment of Thrombocytopenic Subjects With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Prior to Splenectomy
NCT00116688	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Open Label Extension Study of Romiplostim (AMG 531) in Thrombocytopenic Patients With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
NCT00128713	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Optimal Platelet Dose Strategy for Management of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00151866	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Transfusions With Platelets Stored in Platelet Additive Solution II Versus Plasma
NCT00261924	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of Platelets Treated for Pathogen Inactivation and Stored for Up to Seven Days
NCT00415532	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Romiplostim (AMG 531) Versus Medical Standard of Care for Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura
NCT00420914	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Strategies for Transfusion of Platelets (SToP)
NCT00501345	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Aspirin in Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Thrombocytopenia
NCT00508820	PHASE3	COMPLETED	An Open Label Study of Romiplostim in Adult Thrombocytopenic Subjects With ITP
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