FGB

Summary

FGB (fibrinogen beta chain, HGNC:3662) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q31.3, encoding Fibrinogen beta chain (P02675). Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix.

The protein encoded by this gene is the beta component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein comprised of three pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. Following vascular injury, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin which is the most abundant component of blood clots. In addition, various cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, display vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for several cell types. Fibrinogen serves key roles in hemostasis and antimicrobial host defense. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including afibrinogenemia, dysfibrinogenemia, hypodysfibrinogenemia and thrombotic tendency.

Source: NCBI Gene 2244 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): congenital fibrinogen deficiency (Definitive, ClinGen) — +4 more curated relationships
• GWAS associations: 12
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 270 total — 11 pathogenic, 6 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 29
• Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• MANE Select transcript: NM_005141

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:3662
Approved symbol	FGB
Name	fibrinogen beta chain
Location	4q31.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000171564
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	134830
Entrez	2244

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 11 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000302068, ENST00000425838, ENST00000473984, ENST00000497097, ENST00000498375, ENST00000502545, ENST00000509493, ENST00000904939, ENST00000904940, ENST00000904941, ENST00000904942, ENST00000904943, ENST00000904944, ENST00000904945, ENST00000904946, ENST00000904947

RefSeq mRNA: 9 — MANE Select: NM_005141 NM_001184741, NM_001382759, NM_001382760, NM_001382761, NM_001382762, NM_001382763, NM_001382764, NM_001382765, NM_005141

CCDS: CCDS3786

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000302068 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001127300	154569514	154569799
ENSE00001171210	154570419	154572807
ENSE00001171218	154563011	154563132
ENSE00003515466	154566489	154566672
ENSE00003525672	154565808	154565999
ENSE00003542324	154569182	154569307
ENSE00003599418	154568381	154568494
ENSE00003690584	154567593	154567820

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 159 present calls, max score 99.94.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 126.4714 / max 70796.3174, expressed in 201 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (21 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
50119	122.2162	186
50118	1.2488	89
50126	0.4407	21
50151	0.3943	15
50123	0.3508	21
50150	0.3311	16
50146	0.3299	14
50129	0.2513	19
50148	0.1935	9
50153	0.1423	12

Top tissues by expression

293 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	99.94	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	99.94	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	94.68	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	87.96	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	86.45	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	84.90	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	82.12	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	81.04	silver quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	80.94	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	80.24	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	80.19	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	79.39	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	79.30	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	78.26	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	76.75	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	76.47	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	76.42	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	76.09	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	75.74	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	75.47	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	74.76	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	74.62	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	73.84	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	73.45	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	73.27	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	72.56	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	72.23	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	71.95	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	71.39	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	71.33	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 7 experiment(s), a significant marker in 6.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-9388	yes	16946.53
E-HCAD-9	yes	8182.09
E-CURD-98	yes	7671.36
E-MTAB-10137	yes	6090.87
E-MTAB-10553	yes	5817.32
E-ENAD-27	no	3.27
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): FOXA2, FOXM1, NCOA2, NR5A2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

74 targeting FGB, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4425	100.00	67.59	1049
HSA-MIR-4476	100.00	68.18	2030
HSA-MIR-6876-5P	100.00	67.68	2126
HSA-MIR-4803	99.98	71.99	3117
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-6778-3P	99.96	67.29	2693
HSA-MIR-2110	99.96	66.68	1930
HSA-LET-7C-3P	99.95	73.42	2862
HSA-MIR-5680	99.91	69.83	3421
HSA-MIR-6499-3P	99.90	66.38	1212
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-1323	99.83	69.89	2471
HSA-MIR-4639-5P	99.81	67.37	1028
HSA-MIR-320A-3P	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320B	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320C	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-320D	99.77	69.73	2107
HSA-MIR-4429	99.77	69.62	2111
HSA-MIR-4319	99.76	69.83	2586
HSA-MIR-548O-3P	99.74	69.30	2228
HSA-MIR-7154-5P	99.69	70.52	1900
HSA-MIR-5004-5P	99.68	66.63	1294
HSA-MIR-3175	99.65	66.30	2031
HSA-MIR-12117	99.50	67.57	868
HSA-MIR-1224-5P	99.48	65.59	803
HSA-MIR-766-3P	99.47	65.24	1811
HSA-MIR-6083	99.47	68.73	2393
HSA-MIR-5009-3P	99.45	69.43	1341
HSA-MIR-508-5P	99.41	64.25	1248

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• genotypes are associated with plasma fibrinogen levels in Chinese (PMID:11546832)
• There was no effect of the -854G>A beta-fibrinogen promoter polymorphism on fibrinogen, but the fibrinogen -455G>A polymorphism increased fibrinogen levels following exercise. The genotype might be clinically relevant at times of hyperfibrinogenaemia. (PMID:11858186)
• Among Iranian afirbinogenemia patients, for the first time, a nonsense mutation (3282C–>T) was found in exon 2 of the fibrinogen Bbeta-chain gene, causing truncation of the corresponding polypeptide. (PMID:12161363)
• 2 new homozygous mutations in introns 6 & 7 represent the first Bbeta-chain splicing mutations in afibrinogenemia. IVS6 + 13C > T creates a donor splice site in intron 6. IVS7 + 1G >T removes the invariant GT of intron 7 donor splice site. (PMID:12393540)
• The first prenatal diagnosis for afibrinogenemia found a novel nonsense mutation in the FGB gene, Trp467Stop (W467X). This confirms the need for intact C-terminal portions of FGB for the secretion of functional hexamers. (PMID:12511408)
• frequencies of the beta-fibrinogen 448 A allele were higher in patients with no flow-limiting stenosis after myocardial infarction (PMID:12514663)
• review of details of the structure, binding interactions, and function of each of the fibrinogen chains, FGA, FGB, FGG (PMID:12617173)
• Fibrinogen gene promoter -455 A allele as a risk factor for lacunar stroke. (PMID:12637691)
• Fibrinogen molecules from a compound FGB heterozygote with an N-terminal nonsense mutation W47X (exon 2) & a missense mutation (G444S, exon 8), can assemble but are not secreted, confirming the need for an intact FGB C-terminal domain for secretion. (PMID:12893758)
• Polymorphism of BclI betaFbg gene is associated with an increased fibrinogen plasma level. 2. There is no association between BclI polymorphism of betaFbg gene and the number of affected coronary arteries (PMID:14618197)
• suggest a possible interactive effect of cigarette smoke and the b fibrinogen gene G-455-A polymorphism in the risk of developing Legg-Perthes disease (PMID:14629463)
• a heterozygous single point mutation of T–>G at position 3356 of the patient fibrinogen Bbeta chain gene resulted in a nonsense mutation, and also resulted in a new NheI recognition sequence at this position (PMID:14629469)
• results demonstrate that the FGB beta -455 G/A polymorphism is not associated with myocardial infarction and the closely linked B beta Arg448Lys protein coding variation does not influence function nor structure of the protein in a purified system. (PMID:14652632)
• the C-terminal sequences of the beta and gamma chains of fibrinogen have roles in fibrin polymerization as well as in cell attachment (PMID:14691567)
• Erythrocyte aggregation and -455G/A polymorphism of the beta-fibrinogen gene in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. (PMID:15213870)
• Review. Genetic and environmental factors alter fibrin structure and function. This has implications for the clinical presentation of vascular disease. (PMID:15217804)
• The study demonstrates that A allele of the B beta gene FGB -455G/A polymorphism may be a susceptible predictor of the occurrence of ACI, particularly in smokers. (PMID:15300640)
• a beta-fibrinogen polymorphism may have a role in myocardial infarction (PMID:15583729)
• the basal expression of gamma-fibrinogen is regulated by a constitutive transcriptional repressor protein, hnRNP A1, and the decreased binding activity of hnRNP A1 leads to the overexpression of gamma chain in HepG2 cells that overexpress the Bbeta chain (PMID:15671034)
• the HNF-3 site in the fibrinogen beta promoter is important for IL6-induced expression, and its activity is influenced by the adjacent -148C/T polymorphism (PMID:15737987)
• Dysfibrinogenemia in the family is caused by Arg275His in the beta chain of fibrinogen and it is the first report on a Chinese family with inherited dysfibrinogenemia. (PMID:15793786)
• Bbeta-Leu353Arg is associated with impaired fibrinogen secretion, but not with hepatic endoplasmic reticulum storage disease (PMID:15842357)
• Truncation of the seven most C-terminal residues (R455-Q461) of the Bbeta chain specifically inhibits fibrinogen secretion. (PMID:16195396)
• FgB beta -148 and 448 mutational genotypes have impact on Fg concentrationi and therefore increase the risk of infarction. (PMID:16215953)
• We hypothesize that the modification of lysine by Hcys thiolactone might occur in vivo, lead to abnormal resistance of clots to lysis, and thereby contribute to the prothrombotic state associated with homocysteinemia. (PMID:16489740)
• analysis of hypofibrinogenaemia resulting from novel single nucleotide deletion at codon Bbeta58 (PMID:16601848)
• In this work we report the identification of a strong SF2/ASF binding site within exon 7 of the human fibrinogen Bbeta-chain gene (FGB). (PMID:16611940)
• results concord with the already shown link between fibrinogen concentration & fasting insulin concentration (FIC) & support the hypothesis of relationship between fibrinogen & endothelium in FIC homeostasis whose alteration may induce metabolic disorders (PMID:16697386)
• There was a complete linkage disequilibrium between fibrinogen beta -148C/T and -455G/A found in Han population with pulmonary thrmoboembolism. (PMID:16750002)
• Results of multi-allele and haplotype analysis indicated that the polymorphisms -455 G/A, -148 C/T, 448 G/A in beta fibrinogen gene were the possible risk factors associated with the occurrence of ischemic stroke in Hainan Han population. (PMID:16767673)
• findings support the notion that the homozigous variant of beta-FIB gene can raise both plasma FIB concentration and whole blood viscosity (PMID:16899909)
• Flow induced alpha2beta1 activation in cells on collagen, but not on fibronectin or fibrinogen. Conversely, alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 are activated on fibronectin and fibrinogen, but not collagen. (PMID:16928957)
• For the first time B:b binding is demonstrated to be mediated by natural B-knobs exposed in a fibrin monomer. (PMID:16940416)
• analysis of a novel fibrinogen Bbeta Arg264gly substitution causing hypofibrinogenaemia (PMID:16953282)
• Association of fibrinogen beta single nucleotide polymorphism FGB(-455) with severe caroltid artery disease is confirmed. (PMID:17115186)
• carriage of the GAA haplotype in FGB is associated with decreased mortality and less organ dysfunction in a cohort of critically ill patients with sepsis (PMID:17116333)
• nitric oxide synthase 3 is also related to hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and variation on serum cholesterol in young adults with acute myocardial infarction (PMID:17126309)
• REVIEW: the N-terminus of Bbeta, the C-terminus of Aalpha, and the splice variant gamma’ modulate fibrin clot structure (PMID:17414213)
• Our findings suggest that risk of glomerular microthrombosis in lupus nephritis is attributable, at least in part, to an epistatic effect of PAI-1 and FGB genes. (PMID:17469143)
• Lebanese individuals were found to have a relatively high prevalence of the A allele which may predispose them to develop cardiovascular diseases as well as thrombotic events (PMID:17497226)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	fgb	ENSDARG00000008969
mus_musculus	Fgb	ENSMUSG00000033831
rattus_norvegicus	Fgb	ENSRNOG00000007092

Paralogs (25): TNC (ENSG00000041982), FCN1 (ENSG00000085265), ANGPT2 (ENSG00000091879), ANGPT4 (ENSG00000101280), FGL1 (ENSG00000104760), FN1 (ENSG00000115414), TNR (ENSG00000116147), ANGPTL1 (ENSG00000116194), TNN (ENSG00000120332), FGL2 (ENSG00000127951), FIBCD1 (ENSG00000130720), ANGPTL6 (ENSG00000130812), ANGPTL3 (ENSG00000132855), ANGPTL2 (ENSG00000136859), FCN3 (ENSG00000142748), FNDC7 (ENSG00000143107), ANGPT1 (ENSG00000154188), FCN2 (ENSG00000160339), MFAP4 (ENSG00000166482), ANGPTL4 (ENSG00000167772), TNXB (ENSG00000168477), FGG (ENSG00000171557), FGA (ENSG00000171560), ANGPTL7 (ENSG00000171819), ANGPTL5 (ENSG00000187151)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Fibrinogen beta chain — P02675 (reviewed: P02675)

All UniProt accessions (4): P02675, D6REL8, F8W6P4, V9HVY1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets. Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy. Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. May also facilitate the antibacterial immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways.

Subunit / interactions. Heterohexamer; disulfide linked. Contains 2 sets of 3 non-identical chains (alpha, beta and gamma). The 2 heterotrimers are in head to head conformation with the N-termini in a small central domain.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Detected in blood plasma (at protein level).

Post-translational modifications. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is triggered by thrombin, which cleaves fibrinopeptides A and B from alpha and beta chains, and thus exposes the N-terminal polymerization sites responsible for the formation of the soft clot. The soft clot is converted into the hard clot by factor XIIIA which catalyzes the epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-linking between gamma chains (stronger) and between alpha chains (weaker) of different monomers.

Disease relevance. Congenital afibrinogenemia (CAFBN) [MIM:202400] Rare autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by bleeding that varies from mild to severe and by complete absence or extremely low levels of plasma and platelet fibrinogen. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Patients with congenital fibrinogen abnormalities can manifest different clinical pictures. Some cases are clinically silent, some show a tendency toward bleeding and some show a predisposition for thrombosis with or without bleeding. Dysfibrinogenemia, congenital (DYSFIBRIN) [MIM:616004] A disorder characterized by qualitative abnormalities (dysfibrinogenemia) of the circulating fibrinogen. Affected individuals are frequently asymptomatic, but some patients have bleeding diathesis, thromboembolic complications, or both. In some cases, dysfibrinogenemia is associated with low circulating fibrinogen levels (hypodysfibrinogenemia). The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Domain organisation. A long coiled coil structure formed by 3 polypeptide chains connects the central nodule to the C-terminal domains (distal nodules). The long C-terminal ends of the alpha chains fold back, contributing a fourth strand to the coiled coil structure.

RefSeq proteins (9): NP_001171670, NP_001369688, NP_001369689, NP_001369690, NP_001369691, NP_001369692, NP_001369693, NP_001369694, NP_005132* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002181	Fibrinogen_a/b/g_C_dom	Domain
IPR012290	Fibrinogen_a/b/g_coil_dom	Domain
IPR014716	Fibrinogen_a/b/g_C_1	Homologous_superfamily
IPR020837	Fibrinogen_CS	Conserved_site
IPR036056	Fibrinogen-like_C	Homologous_superfamily
IPR037579	FIB_ANG-like	Family

Pfam: PF00147, PF08702

UniProt features (86 total): strand 26, sequence variant 17, helix 13, disulfide bond 8, site 4, sequence conflict 4, turn 4, region of interest 2, signal peptide 1, peptide 1, modified residue 1, glycosylation site 1, chain 1, domain 1, coiled-coil region 1, compositionally biased region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

41 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6BIJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
6V1A	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.29
1FZC	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
3E1I	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
6V18	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.35
2OYH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
6BIL	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
1RE3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.45
1FZG	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
1RF1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.53
2HLO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
3BVH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
6V19	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
1FZF	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
1RE4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
2H43	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
2OYI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
2Z4E	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
6ATZ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
6V0Y	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
6V13	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.75
1LT9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
1LTJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
2Q9I	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
6V15	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
1RF0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.81
2FFD	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.89
1FZA	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.9
1FZB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.9
1N73	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.9

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P02675-F1	84.43	0.68

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (4): 160–161 (cleavage; by hementin; to prevent blood coagulation); 163–164 (cleavage; by plasmin; to break down fibrin clots); 44–45 (cleavage; by thrombin; to release fibrinopeptide b); 152–153 (cleavage; by plasmin; to break down fibrin clots)

Post-translational modifications (1): 31

Disulfide bonds (8): 95, 106, 110, 223, 227, 231–316, 241–270, 424–437

Glycosylation sites (1): 394

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

20 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-114608	Platelet degranulation
R-HSA-1236974	ER-Phagosome pathway
R-HSA-166058	MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane
R-HSA-216083	Integrin cell surface interactions
R-HSA-354192	Integrin signaling
R-HSA-354194	GRB2:SOS provides linkage to MAPK signaling for Integrins
R-HSA-372708	p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins
R-HSA-5602498	MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4)
R-HSA-5603041	IRAK4 deficiency (TLR2/4)
R-HSA-5674135	MAP2K and MAPK activation
R-HSA-5686938	Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand
R-HSA-6802946	Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants
R-HSA-6802948	Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants
R-HSA-6802952	Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions
R-HSA-6802955	Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF
R-HSA-9649948	Signaling downstream of RAS mutants
R-HSA-9656223	Signaling by RAF1 mutants
R-HSA-9769733	Fibrin formation
R-HSA-9936686	Aggregated β-amyloid interacts with fibrinogen
R-HSA-140875

MSigDB gene sets: 0 (showing top):

GO Biological Process (26): adaptive immune response (GO:0002250), cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0007160), plasminogen activation (GO:0031639), positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0034116), fibrinolysis (GO:0042730), induction of bacterial agglutination (GO:0043152), cellular response to leptin stimulus (GO:0044320), innate immune response (GO:0045087), positive regulation of vasoconstriction (GO:0045907), positive regulation of exocytosis (GO:0045921), positive regulation of protein secretion (GO:0050714), protein polymerization (GO:0051258), response to calcium ion (GO:0051592), protein-containing complex assembly (GO:0065003), positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade (GO:0070374), platelet aggregation (GO:0070527), cellular response to interleukin-1 (GO:0071347), blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation (GO:0072378), positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion (GO:0090277), positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading (GO:1900026), negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors (GO:1902042), negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process (GO:2000352), immune system process (GO:0002376), blood coagulation (GO:0007596), hemostasis (GO:0007599), platelet activation (GO:0030168)

GO Molecular Function (6): signaling receptor binding (GO:0005102), structural molecule activity (GO:0005198), extracellular matrix structural constituent (GO:0005201), protein-folding chaperone binding (GO:0051087), protein binding (GO:0005515), cell adhesion molecule binding (GO:0050839)

GO Cellular Component (15): extracellular region (GO:0005576), fibrinogen complex (GO:0005577), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cell cortex (GO:0005938), external side of plasma membrane (GO:0009897), cell surface (GO:0009986), extracellular matrix (GO:0031012), platelet alpha granule (GO:0031091), platelet alpha granule lumen (GO:0031093), synapse (GO:0045202), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), blood microparticle (GO:0072562), extracellular vesicle (GO:1903561)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-16 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Oncogenic MAPK signaling	5
Integrin signaling	2
Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade	2
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+	1
Antigen processing-Cross presentation	1
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade	1
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade	1
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade	1
Extracellular matrix organization	1
Signal Transduction	1
Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation)	1
RAF/MAP kinase cascade	1
Toll-like Receptor Cascades	1
Signaling by RAS mutants	1
Coagulation pathway	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein binding	3
cellular anatomical structure	3
immune response	2
positive regulation of secretion by cell	2
cytoplasm	2
cell periphery	2
extracellular region	2
cell-substrate adhesion	1
zymogen activation	1
positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion	1
heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	1
regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	1
negative regulation of blood coagulation	1
antibacterial humoral response	1
cellular response to hormone stimulus	1
response to leptin	1
defense response to symbiont	1
regulation of vasoconstriction	1
vasoconstriction	1
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
exocytosis	1
regulation of exocytosis	1
protein secretion	1
regulation of protein secretion	1
positive regulation of protein transport	1
protein-containing complex assembly	1
response to metal ion	1
cellular component assembly	1
protein-containing complex organization	1
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	1
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1
platelet activation	1
homotypic cell-cell adhesion	1
response to interleukin-1	1
cellular response to cytokine stimulus	1
blood coagulation	1
protein activation cascade	1
positive regulation of peptide secretion	1
peptide hormone secretion	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2108 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
FGB	FGA	P02671	957
FGB	FGG	P02679	937
FGB	F2	P00734	837
FGB	SERPIND1	P05546	836
FGB	A2M	P01023	820
FGB	HABP2	Q14520	805
FGB	VWF	P04275	804
FGB	KNG1	P01042	796
FGB	HRG	P04196	779
FGB	SERPINE1	P05121	722
FGB	F13A1	P00488	701
FGB	FN1	P02751	701
FGB	PLG	P00747	694
FGB	AGT	P01019	673
FGB	APOA2	P02652	664

IntAct

106 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
FGA	FGB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.850
FGA	FGB	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.850
MAPK6	HERC2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.840
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
FGB		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
	FGB	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.540
	FGB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
YWHAQ	IGLC7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TMEM237	CLGN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SSBP2	CLEC18A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LGALS3	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FGB	APP	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
FGB	KLK6	psi-mi:“MI:0570”(protein cleavage)	0.440
FGB	RSL1D1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
MIS12	C1 segment	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	CD5L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	LECT2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
TXN2	FGB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370

BioGRID (289): FGB (Affinity Capture-MS), FGB (Affinity Capture-MS), FGB (Affinity Capture-MS), FGB (Affinity Capture-MS), FGB (Affinity Capture-MS), FGB (Affinity Capture-MS), SBDS (Affinity Capture-MS), FGB (Affinity Capture-MS), FGB (Affinity Capture-MS), SPR (Affinity Capture-MS), FGB (Affinity Capture-MS), ADK (Affinity Capture-MS), NARS (Affinity Capture-MS), OXSR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), FGB (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1L4BJ46, A0A5C1ZXT8, A0A5C2A2T2, A8WP66, F4JP36, H2KZU7, I7GQA7, O45879, O55159, O62301, O76411, P00630, P02675, P0C8L9, P0DKU2, P0DMI6, P0DPT7, P0DPT9, P0DPZ3, P0DPZ9, P0DXZ6, P0DY42, P14480, P16422, P42579, P58239, P59888, Q09553, Q10128, Q1WER1, Q3T0L5, Q5F381, Q6P9Z6, Q6PXP0, Q6T178, Q75QW1, Q8BGV3, Q8BJ83, Q8K0E8, Q8VCM7

Diamond homologs: A0A8J8, A2AV25, D8VNS7, D8VNS8, D8VNS9, D8VNT0, E2IYB3, E9PV24, O00602, O08538, O15123, O18920, O35460, O35462, O35608, O43827, O70165, O70497, O75636, O77802, O93526, O95841, P02671, P02675, P02676, P02678, P02679, P02680, P04115, P06399, P10039, P12799, P12804, P14448, P14480, P17634, P19477, P21520, P22105, P24821

SIGNOR signaling

4 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
“AIIB/b3 integrin”	“up-regulates activity”	FGB	binding
FGB	up-regulates	Platelet_aggregation
FGB	“form complex”	Fibrinogen	binding
MMP13	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	FGB	cleavage

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

270 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	11
Likely pathogenic	6
Uncertain significance	157
Likely benign	33
Benign	38

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (17)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
16389	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.1148T>G (p.Leu383Arg)	Pathogenic
16390	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.1289G>A (p.Gly430Asp)	Pathogenic
16392	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.958+13C>T	Pathogenic
16393	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.1244+1G>T	Pathogenic
16395	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.605T>A (p.Leu202Gln)	Pathogenic
2683306	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.134del (p.Gly45fs)	Pathogenic
2691428	NC_000004.11:g.(?155484162)(155493960_?)del	Pathogenic
3725102	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.772C>T (p.Gln258Ter)	Pathogenic
4847493	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.1372A>T (p.Lys458Ter)	Pathogenic
800647	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.974G>C (p.Gly325Ala)	Pathogenic
800648	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.679T>C (p.Cys227Arg)	Pathogenic
2498020	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.1133C>T (p.Thr378Ile)	Likely pathogenic
2691591	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.498_512del (p.Asn167_Glu171del)	Likely pathogenic
3029676	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.188del (p.Pro63fs)	Likely pathogenic
3380985	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.1268_1269del (p.Gln423fs)	Likely pathogenic
4541008	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.936del (p.Lys313fs)	Likely pathogenic
981156	NM_005141.5(FGB):c.490+1G>C	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

788 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
4:154565296:TCA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154565797:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154565806:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154565806:A:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154565806:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154565806:AGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154565807:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154565807:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154565807:GGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154565807:GGGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154565807:GGGTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154565943:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154565998:TGGTG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154565999:GGTG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154566000:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154566000:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154566001:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154566486:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154566487:A:AC	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154566487:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154566487:AGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154566487:AGGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154566487:AGGGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154566488:G:GT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154566488:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154566488:GGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154566488:GGGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154566488:GGGGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154566541:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154566668:AAAAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3269 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
4:154569202:C:A	R285S	0.999
4:154569203:G:C	R285P	0.999
4:154569237:G:C	W296C	0.999
4:154569237:G:T	W296C	0.999
4:154569771:A:C	S406R	0.999
4:154569773:C:A	S406R	0.999
4:154569773:C:G	S406R	0.999
4:154570444:T:A	C424S	0.999
4:154570445:G:C	C424S	0.999
4:154570446:T:G	C424W	0.999
4:154570468:T:A	W432R	0.999
4:154570468:T:C	W432R	0.999
4:154570471:T:A	W433R	0.999
4:154570471:T:C	W433R	0.999
4:154570483:T:C	C437R	0.999
4:154570573:T:A	W467R	0.999
4:154570573:T:C	W467R	0.999
4:154566510:T:A	C110S	0.998
4:154566511:G:C	C110S	0.998
4:154568470:T:A	C270S	0.998
4:154568471:G:A	C270Y	0.998
4:154568471:G:C	C270S	0.998
4:154568472:T:G	C270W	0.998
4:154569184:T:A	W279R	0.998
4:154569184:T:C	W279R	0.998
4:154569223:T:C	F292L	0.998
4:154569225:T:A	F292L	0.998
4:154569225:T:G	F292L	0.998
4:154569235:T:A	W296R	0.998
4:154569235:T:C	W296R	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000193189 (4:154572280 C>A,G,T), RS1000390246 (4:154565481 A>G), RS1000593377 (4:154571514 C>A), RS1000756385 (4:154565710 C>A,T), RS1000772573 (4:154564482 T>A,C), RS1001143183 (4:154571309 T>A), RS1001297432 (4:154571653 TCTTGTCCTCAATTAGG>T), RS1001322407 (4:154572703 A>T), RS1001374187 (4:154572995 C>T), RS1001922984 (4:154566095 C>A), RS1001938593 (4:154565005 AAATTCG>A), RS1002143953 (4:154561378 T>C), RS1002398971 (4:154567909 A>G), RS1002556083 (4:154571924 C>A,T), RS1002845632 (4:154566140 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:134830 | disease phenotypes: MIM:202400, MIM:616004

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
thrombophilia	Strong	Autosomal dominant
congenital afibrinogenemia	Strong	Autosomal recessive
congenital fibrinogen deficiency	Strong	Semidominant
familial hypofibrinogenemia	Supportive	Autosomal dominant
familial dysfibrinogenemia	Supportive	Autosomal dominant

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
congenital fibrinogen deficiency	Definitive	SD

Mondo (7): congenital afibrinogenemia (MONDO:0008737), familial dysfibrinogenemia (MONDO:0014452), congenital fibrinogen deficiency (MONDO:0018060), cerebral cavernous malformation (MONDO:0000820), thrombocytopenia (MONDO:0002049), thrombophilia (MONDO:0002305), familial hypofibrinogenemia (MONDO:0015096)

Orphanet (6): Congenital fibrinogen deficiency (Orphanet:335), Familial afibrinogenemia (Orphanet:98880), Familial dysfibrinogenemia (Orphanet:98881), Immunodeficiency with factor I anomaly (Orphanet:200418), Familial cerebral cavernous malformation (Orphanet:221061), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Cerebral cavernous malformations (Orphanet:164)

HPO phenotypes

29 total (29 of 29 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000225	Gingival bleeding
HP:0000421	Epistaxis
HP:0000978	Bruising susceptibility
HP:0001342	Cerebral hemorrhage
HP:0001386	Joint swelling
HP:0001522	Death in infancy
HP:0001892	Abnormal bleeding
HP:0001934	Persistent bleeding after trauma
HP:0002239	Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
HP:0002248	Hematemesis
HP:0003577	Congenital onset
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0003811	Neonatal death
HP:0003819	Death in childhood
HP:0004936	Venous thrombosis
HP:0005268	Miscarriage
HP:0006298	Prolonged bleeding after dental extraction
HP:0011421	Death in adolescence
HP:0011463	Childhood onset
HP:0011884	Abnormal umbilical stump bleeding
HP:0011900	Hypofibrinogenemia
HP:0012223	Splenic rupture
HP:0030137	Prolonged bleeding following circumcision
HP:0034287	Afibrinogenemia
HP:0100309	Subdural hemorrhage
HP:0100310	Epidural hemorrhage
HP:0400008	Menometrorrhagia

GWAS associations

12 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000366_1	Fibrinogen	2.000000e-30
GCST000368_6	Fibrinogen	8.000000e-39
GCST001158_3	Fibrinogen	1.000000e-39
GCST001737_13	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related biomarkers	6.000000e-06
GCST002147_8	Fibrinogen	2.000000e-127
GCST003194_36	Fibrinogen levels	6.000000e-12
GCST003194_37	Fibrinogen levels	2.000000e-53
GCST003194_4	Fibrinogen levels	1.000000e-180
GCST004121_27	Fibrinogen levels	1.000000e-142
GCST004122_2	Fibrinogen levels	5.000000e-134
GCST006015_1	Fibrinogen levels	1.000000e-11
GCST012139_3	D-dimer levels in HIV infection	6.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004507	D dimer measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (3)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D000347	Afibrinogenemia	C15.378.100.100.056; C15.378.100.141.072; C15.378.463.067; C16.320.099.056
D013921	Thrombocytopenia	C15.378.140.855; C15.378.243.937
D019851	Thrombophilia	C15.378.925

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL2048 (SINGLE PROTEIN), CHEMBL2364709 (PROTEIN COMPLEX)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 8,822 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL417799	SANGUINARIUM	2	8,822

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

25 measured of 29 human assays (37 total across all organisms); most potent 25 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
4-nitroindane-1,3-dione	IC50	3520 nM
2-[2-[2-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methoxy]-4-methoxy-phenyl]methylidene]hydrazinyl]-4-oxidanylidene-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethanoic acid	IC50	4960 nM
cid_8321	IC50	4980 nM
SMR000162332	IC50	6710 nM
2-(5-spiro[3H-benzimidazole-2,1’-cyclohexane]ylidene)propanedinitrile	IC50	7290 nM
7-[4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl-4,6-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazine	IC50	10100 nM
MLS000551839	IC50	10200 nM
cid_3251511	IC50	10600 nM
MLS001164928	IC50	11700 nM
cid_24210575	IC50	15600 nM
24-methyl-5,7,18,20-tetraoxa-24-azahexacyclo[11.11.0.0^{2,10}.0^{4,8}.0^{14,22}.0^{17,21}]tetracosa-1(13),2,4(8),9,11,14(22),15,17(21),23-nonaen-24-ium	IC50	19000 nM
cid_5046151	IC50	21000 nM
SMR001874777	IC50	22300 nM
MLS000045751	IC50	26100 nM
4-(prop-2-ynylamino)benzoic acid ethyl ester	IC50	27700 nM
MLS000063762	IC50	27800 nM
MLS001018504	IC50	46100 nM
cid_288099	IC50	83200 nM
SMR001565456	IC50	83300 nM
methyl (5E)-5-[1-[(4-aminophenyl)amino]butylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-4,6-bis(oxidanylidene)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate	IC50	83300 nM
2-(1-naphthalenyl)-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid [2-[(1,1-dioxo-3-thiolanyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl] ester	IC50	83300 nM
cid_2336107	IC50	83300 nM
MLS000876743	IC50	83300 nM
N-[(E)-(1-prop-2-ynyl-3-indolyl)methylideneamino]-2-benzofurancarboxamide	IC50	83300 nM
SMR000169411	IC50	83300 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

8 potent at pChembl≥5 of 25 total, top 8 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
5.30	IC50	4979	nM	CHEMBL600008
5.30	IC50	4965	nM	CHEMBL1334670
5.07	IC50	8514	nM	CHEMBL1451725
5.05	IC50	8920	nM	CHEMBL1384064
5.04	IC50	9103	nM	CHEMBL1708493
5.03	IC50	9237	nM	CHEMBL1882477
5.03	IC50	9328	nM	HAEMATOXYLIN
5.00	IC50	1.012e+04	nM	CHEMBL1404361

CTD chemical–gene interactions

73 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, increases methylation, decreases expression	5
Ethinyl Estradiol	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	5
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression, increases expression	5
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination	affects binding, increases expression	4
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression, affects reaction	4
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	4
Gestodene	increases expression, affects binding, affects cotreatment	3
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	2
bisphenol A	affects expression, increases expression, decreases reaction, increases abundance	2
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression, increases expression	2
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Snake Venoms	affects binding, increases cleavage	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	2
Levonorgestrel	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
abemaciclib	decreases expression	1
ginger extract	increases expression, decreases reaction, increases abundance	1
perfluorodecanesulfonic acid	increases expression	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
methyleugenol	decreases expression	1
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
ascorbate-2-phosphate	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
norgestimate	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

2 unique, capped per target: 2 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL3214988	Binding	PubChem BioAssay. Fluorescence polarization-based biochemical high throughput dose response assay to identify inhibitors that disrupt the binding of a cyclic peptide (Tn6) to the fibrin proteolytic product D-Dimer and fragment E complex [DD	PubChem BioAssay data set

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

295 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01214772	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Heparin in Treatment IVF-ET Failure
NCT03531437	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Comparison of Coagulation Profiles Between Zoely and Minidoz: RCT
NCT02822599	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Human Fibrinogen Concentrate in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
NCT00039858	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Argatroban Injection in Pediatric Patients Requiring Anticoagulant Alternatives to Heparin
NCT00239733	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Anti-D for Treating Thrombocytopenia in Adults Infected With Hepatitis C Virus With or Without HIV Co-Infection
NCT00907478	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study on Bone Marrow Morphology in Adults Receiving Romiplostim for Treatment of Thrombocytopenia Associated With Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)
NCT01727401	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Thromboprophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Acutely-ill Medical Inpatients With Thrombocytopenia
NCT02032134	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Protocol for the Infusion of Buffy Coat-derived Cryopreserved Platelets in Patients With Severe Thrombocytopenia
NCT02267993	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of rhTPO for the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia After Chemotherapy in AML Patients
NCT03633019	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	High-dose Use of rhTPO in CIT Patients
NCT03688191	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study of Sirolimus in CTD-TP in China
NCT04906083	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Avatrombopag in Patients With End-stage Liver Disease and Thrombocytopenia
NCT05217719	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effects of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin on Platelet Levels in ICU Patients
NCT05255003	PHASE4	RECRUITING	STrategies for Anticoagulation in Patients With thRombocytopenia and Cancer-associated Thrombosis
NCT05382013	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Avatrombopag for Treating TCP in HBV-ACLF Patients Receiving ALSS Treatment
NCT05944458	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine in Preventing Linezolid-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Critically Ill Patients
NCT06562738	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Clinical Study on Efficacy and Safety of Hetrombopag in the Preoperative Patients of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00967382	PHASE3	COMPLETED	TIPPS: Thrombophilia in Pregnancy Prophylaxis Study
NCT01046942	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	ThrombElastoGraphic Haemostatic Status and Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
NCT06153394	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Prolonged Hypercoagulability Following Major Liver Resection for Malignancy
NCT00916656	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Fibrinogen Concentrate (Human) - Efficacy and Safety Study
NCT02065882	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetic, Efficacy and Safety of BT524 in Patients With Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency
NCT04636268	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	FIB Grifols Congenital Deficiency for On-demand Treatment and Surgical Prophylaxis
NCT02267226	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of Octafibrin for On-demand Treatment of Acute Bleeding and to Prevent Bleeding During and After Surgery
NCT02408484	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetic of Octafibrin in Paediatric Subjects With Fibrinogen Deficiency
NCT00037791	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of (PN-152,243)/PN-196,444 in the Prevention of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00039910	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of (PN-152,243)/PN-196,444 in the Prevention of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00073580	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Angiomax in Patients With HIT/HITTS Type II Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) (CHOOSE)
NCT00102323	PHASE3	COMPLETED	AMG 531 Treatment of Thrombocytopenic Subjects With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Refractory to Splenectomy
NCT00102336	PHASE3	COMPLETED	AMG 531 Treatment of Thrombocytopenic Subjects With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Prior to Splenectomy
NCT00116688	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Open Label Extension Study of Romiplostim (AMG 531) in Thrombocytopenic Patients With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
NCT00128713	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Optimal Platelet Dose Strategy for Management of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00151866	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Transfusions With Platelets Stored in Platelet Additive Solution II Versus Plasma
NCT00261924	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of Platelets Treated for Pathogen Inactivation and Stored for Up to Seven Days
NCT00415532	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Romiplostim (AMG 531) Versus Medical Standard of Care for Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura
NCT00420914	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Strategies for Transfusion of Platelets (SToP)
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