FGG

Summary

FGG (fibrinogen gamma chain, HGNC:3694) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q32.1, encoding Fibrinogen gamma chain (P02679). Together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB), polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix.

The protein encoded by this gene is the gamma component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein comprised of three pairs of nonidentical polypeptide chains. Following vascular injury, fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form fibrin which is the most abundant component of blood clots. In addition, various cleavage products of fibrinogen and fibrin regulate cell adhesion and spreading, display vasoconstrictor and chemotactic activities, and are mitogens for several cell types. Mutations in this gene lead to several disorders, including dysfibrinogenemia, hypofibrinogenemia and thrombophilia. Alternative splicing results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

Source: NCBI Gene 2266 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): congenital fibrinogen deficiency (Definitive, ClinGen) — +4 more curated relationships
• GWAS associations: 17
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 222 total — 15 pathogenic, 16 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 29
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_021870

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:3694
Approved symbol	FGG
Name	fibrinogen gamma chain
Location	4q32.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000171557
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	134850
Entrez	2266

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 10 protein_coding, 6 retained_intron

ENST00000336098, ENST00000393846, ENST00000404648, ENST00000405164, ENST00000407946, ENST00000443553, ENST00000464532, ENST00000465336, ENST00000465913, ENST00000473393, ENST00000484695, ENST00000492082, ENST00000906289, ENST00000906290, ENST00000906291, ENST00000906292

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_021870 NM_000509, NM_021870

CCDS: CCDS3788, CCDS47153

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000336098 — 9 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001127239	154610067	154610197
ENSE00001344514	154604171	154605066
ENSE00001820766	154612532	154612656
ENSE00003507738	154611805	154611898
ENSE00003512395	154606705	154606982
ENSE00003540472	154612391	154612435
ENSE00003630406	154612018	154612201
ENSE00003686346	154608466	154608650
ENSE00003786135	154609630	154609763

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 157 present calls, max score 99.93.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 171.9762 / max 93466.4246, expressed in 184 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (15 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
54530	169.9774	176
54527	0.4976	21
54517	0.4767	17
54529	0.2766	13
54525	0.2587	10
54524	0.1042	7
54520	0.0919	9
54523	0.0901	12
54519	0.0567	7
54518	0.0554	6

Top tissues by expression

290 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	99.93	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	99.92	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	96.28	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	93.43	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	91.50	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	90.40	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	87.30	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	85.90	silver quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	84.00	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	83.37	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	81.32	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	81.28	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	80.79	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	80.13	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	79.55	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	79.40	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	77.22	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	77.19	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	75.83	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	75.34	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	74.74	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	72.83	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	72.11	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	70.06	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	69.55	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	69.08	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	68.93	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	67.54	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	66.32	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	65.02	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-10553	yes	8120.73
E-HCAD-9	yes	4460.36
E-CURD-98	yes	3864.71
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): MAZ, NFKB, NR3C1, PGS1, SIN3A, SP1, STAT3, USF1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

23 targeting FGG, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-6748-5P	100.00	65.81	1057
HSA-MIR-6759-5P	99.99	66.54	785
HSA-MIR-6793-5P	99.97	65.95	758
HSA-MIR-4493	99.90	66.48	977
HSA-MIR-95-5P	99.89	72.17	3973
HSA-MIR-605-3P	99.88	69.22	1833
HSA-MIR-3919	99.87	69.45	2489
HSA-MIR-6126	99.62	68.09	996
HSA-MIR-1252-3P	99.55	67.71	2862
HSA-MIR-203A-3P	99.49	70.56	2806
HSA-MIR-142-5P	99.48	70.92	2416
HSA-MIR-5590-3P	99.48	70.91	2429
HSA-MIR-5009-3P	99.45	69.43	1341
HSA-MIR-4279	99.19	66.70	2437
HSA-MIR-144-5P	97.66	69.90	531
HSA-MIR-618	97.62	67.46	861
HSA-MIR-1910-5P	97.42	66.36	844
HSA-MIR-4714-5P	97.04	67.76	955
HSA-MIR-4296	96.35	63.55	1233
HSA-MIR-3914	94.91	65.77	643

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• review of details of the structure, binding interactions, and function of each of the fibrinogen chains, FGA, FGB, FGG (PMID:12617173)
• Rates of fibrinopeptide B release from gammaA/gamma’ fibrinogen were low & associated with delayed lateral aggregation of protofibrils. GammaA/gamma’ clots consisted of small-diameter fibers & high numbers of branch points. (PMID:12663453)
• Fibrinogen gamma chain functions. Review. (PMID:12871494)
• fibrinogen gamma has a role in stat3 transactivation via IL-6 response elements (PMID:12900415)
• the C-terminal sequences of the beta and gamma chains of fibrinogen have roles in fibrin polymerization as well as in cell attachment (PMID:14691567)
• substitution of Asn308 with a hydrophobic residue altered neither polymer formation nor polymer structure at physiologic calcium concentrations, whereas substitution with lysine altered both. (PMID:14764520)
• Review. Genetic and environmental factors alter fibrin structure and function. This has implications for the clinical presentation of vascular disease. (PMID:15217804)
• in congenital afibrinogenemia, the FGG Arg134Xaa codon, which is encoded by adjacent exons (TG-intron 4-A) affected neither mRNA splicing nor stability, but led to the production of an unstable, severely truncated fibrinogen gamma (PMID:15284111)
• an amino acid substitution of gamma 275Arg alone disrupts D:D interactions in thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and the formation of fibrin bundles and fibrin clots (PMID:15304042)
• Tissue plasminogen activator binding to all variant fibrins was weaker than binding to normal fibrin: 2.5-fold for gamma K321A, seven-fold for gamma D320A and 10-fold for gamma D316A and gamma D318A. (PMID:15311153)
• gamma289 is an important determinant of plasma fibrinogen levels (PMID:15583736)
• T>C transition in exon 9 resulting in a serine-to-proline substitution near the gamma chain C-terminus (S378P) is associated with fibrinogen Philadelphia (PMID:15632207)
• The central domain of the fibrinogen gamma-chain contains a novel integrin alpha M beta 2-binding sequence, which is localized within the gamma chain 228-253 region. (PMID:15641787)
• the basal expression of gamma-fibrinogen is regulated by a constitutive transcriptional repressor protein, hnRNP A1, and the decreased binding activity of hnRNP A1 leads to the overexpression of gamma chain in HepG2 cells that overexpress the Bbeta chain (PMID:15671034)
• data indicate that human Fibrinogen bound to Streptococcus pyogenes M5 protein promotes phagocytosis resistance by inhibiting complement deposition via the classical pathway (PMID:15773976)
• the engagement of alphaIIb beta3 by the C-terminal sequence of the fibrinogen gamma-chain initiates signals that suppress subsequent fibronectin assembly by spread platelets (PMID:16051597)
• analysis of gammaAsn319, Asp320 deletion variant fibrinogen (PMID:16113784)
• Current analysis of fibrinogen Bratislava indicates that the domains important for the processes of hexamer assembly and hexamer secretion should not be considered as strictly restricted to one or other fibrinogen chain. (PMID:16141000)
• Fibrinogen gamma’ contains a unique high-affinity, nonsubstrate binding site for thrombin, which seems critical for the expression of the antithrombin activity (PMID:16144795)
• Results identify the gamma370-381 sequence of fibrin(ogen) as the binding site for alpha(IIb)beta3 involved in platelet adhesion and clot retraction and define the new recognition specificity of this integrin. (PMID:16363805)
• Haplotypes of the fibrinogen gamma gene do not affect the risk of myocardial infarction. (PMID:16420584)
• there are tissue-specific differences in IL-6-receptor-gp130-coupled signaling which limit the extent of Stat3 activation and gammaFBG expression during lung inflammation (PMID:16524883)
• The degree of lateral aggregation of protofibrils into fibrin fibers was slightly reduced for gamma387Arg and Ala, and moderately reduced for gamma387Leu and Met. (PMID:16705085)
• Flow induced alpha2beta1 activation in cells on collagen, but not on fibronectin or fibrinogen. Conversely, alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta3 are activated on fibronectin and fibrinogen, but not collagen. (PMID:16928957)
• Both desA-fibrin with exposed A-knobs and desB-fibrin bearing B-knobs interacted with fragment D from the gammaD364H fibrinogen containing b-holes but no functional a-holes. (PMID:16940416)
• Fibrinogen gamma C & its truncation mutant ( gamma C399tr), with a deletion of the COOH-terminal 12 residues, induced apoptosis of endothelial cells. The EC-binding determinant is cryptic in native fibrinogen but exposed in gamma C & gamma C399tr. (PMID:17018627)
• it is proposed that the 10034C>T change is the functional variation in FGG-H2 that is responsible for the reduction in the fibrinogen gamma’/total fibrinogen ratio and the increased deep-venous thrombosis risk (PMID:17403086)
• homozygosity for the FGG 10034 TT genotype yielded an odds ratio of 2.01, confirming the primary finding that the FGG 10034C>T polymorphism is associated with DVT risk (PMID:17445871)
• These results indicate that expression of the gamma-fibrinogen gene is mainly controlled by the strength of late phase STAT3 activation, which in turn is negatively regulated by the extent of interleukin-1beta-mediated NF-kappaB activity. (PMID:17543500)
• These findings suggest that the CSF level of fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor may be a candidate biomarker for AD. (PMID:17565664)
• The A alpha and B beta chains of fibrinogen, but not the gamma chains, are specifically recognized by Treponema denticola ATCC 35405. (PMID:17591786)
• the identification of a novel point mutation gammaG200V (fibrinogen Columbus) causing hypofibrinogenemia and co-segregating with three genetic thrombophilia risk factors (PMID:17650452)
• The peptides GPRPam and GPRPYam, which are surrogate A-knobs, were tested for their influence on fibrin polymerization with fibrinogen from lamprey and humans. (PMID:17688324)
• Identify fibrinogen gamma mutations in patients evaluated for hypofibrinogenemia. (PMID:17849064)
• identification of a novel transvertion within FGG intron 6 (IVS6-320A–>T); in-frame inclusion of a 75-bp pseudo-exon carrying a premature stop was found, representing the first report of pseudo-exon activation as a mechanism leading to afibrinogenaemia (PMID:17854317)
• the molecular defect in fibrinogen Angers results in an impaired assembly and causes defective secretion and hepatic storage of fibrinogen [case report] (PMID:17883696)
• fibrinogen Leipzig II (gamma351Gly–>Ser and gamma82Ala–>Gly) may have a role in two different molecular defects in the same polypeptide chain, the hypodysfibrinogemaemia phenotype [case report] (PMID:17938819)
• RNAi-mediated knockdown of FGG expression indicated that endogenously synthesized fibrinogen promotes the growth of lung and prostate cancer cells through interaction with FGF-2. (PMID:17949478)
• Results provide evidence for an association of common variation in the FGG and FGA genes with cerebral SVD. (PMID:17951283)
• an IL-6-inducible STAT3 and CDK9 binding to the proximal gamma-FBG promoter as well as increased loading of RNA Pol II (PMID:17956865)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	fgg	ENSDARG00000037281
mus_musculus	Fgg	ENSMUSG00000033860
rattus_norvegicus	Fgg	ENSRNOG00000025074

Paralogs (25): TNC (ENSG00000041982), FCN1 (ENSG00000085265), ANGPT2 (ENSG00000091879), ANGPT4 (ENSG00000101280), FGL1 (ENSG00000104760), FN1 (ENSG00000115414), TNR (ENSG00000116147), ANGPTL1 (ENSG00000116194), TNN (ENSG00000120332), FGL2 (ENSG00000127951), FIBCD1 (ENSG00000130720), ANGPTL6 (ENSG00000130812), ANGPTL3 (ENSG00000132855), ANGPTL2 (ENSG00000136859), FCN3 (ENSG00000142748), FNDC7 (ENSG00000143107), ANGPT1 (ENSG00000154188), FCN2 (ENSG00000160339), MFAP4 (ENSG00000166482), ANGPTL4 (ENSG00000167772), TNXB (ENSG00000168477), FGA (ENSG00000171560), FGB (ENSG00000171564), ANGPTL7 (ENSG00000171819), ANGPTL5 (ENSG00000187151)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Fibrinogen gamma chain — P02679 (reviewed: P02679)

All UniProt accessions (6): P02679, A0A140VJJ6, C9JC84, C9JEU5, C9JPQ9, C9JU00

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB), polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway. Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy. Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. May also facilitate the antibacterial immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways.

Subunit / interactions. Heterohexamer; disulfide linked. Contains 2 sets of 3 non-identical chains (alpha, beta and gamma). The 2 heterotrimers are in head to head conformation with the N-termini in a small central domain.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Detected in blood plasma (at protein level).

Post-translational modifications. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is triggered by thrombin, which cleaves fibrinopeptides A and B from alpha and beta chains, and thus exposes the N-terminal polymerization sites responsible for the formation of the soft clot. The soft clot is converted into the hard clot by factor XIIIA which catalyzes the epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-linking between gamma chains (stronger) and between alpha chains (weaker) of different monomers. Sulfation of C-terminal tyrosines increases affinity for thrombin.

Disease relevance. Congenital afibrinogenemia (CAFBN) [MIM:202400] Rare autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by bleeding that varies from mild to severe and by complete absence or extremely low levels of plasma and platelet fibrinogen. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Patients with congenital fibrinogen abnormalities can manifest different clinical pictures. Some cases are clinically silent, some show a tendency toward bleeding and some show a predisposition for thrombosis with or without bleeding. Dysfibrinogenemia, congenital (DYSFIBRIN) [MIM:616004] A disorder characterized by qualitative abnormalities (dysfibrinogenemia) of the circulating fibrinogen. Affected individuals are frequently asymptomatic, but some patients have bleeding diathesis, thromboembolic complications, or both. In some cases, dysfibrinogenemia is associated with low circulating fibrinogen levels (hypodysfibrinogenemia). The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Domain organisation. A long coiled coil structure formed by 3 polypeptide chains connects the central nodule to the C-terminal domains (distal nodules). The long C-terminal ends of the alpha chains fold back, contributing a fourth strand to the coiled coil structure.

Miscellaneous. The gamma-chain carries the main binding site for the platelet receptor. Present in about 10% of the fibrinogen molecules in plasma but absent from those in the platelets.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P02679-1	Gamma-B, Gamma'	yes
P02679-2	Gamma-A

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_000500, NP_068656* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002181	Fibrinogen_a/b/g_C_dom	Domain
IPR012290	Fibrinogen_a/b/g_coil_dom	Domain
IPR014716	Fibrinogen_a/b/g_C_1	Homologous_superfamily
IPR020837	Fibrinogen_CS	Conserved_site
IPR036056	Fibrinogen-like_C	Homologous_superfamily
IPR037579	FIB_ANG-like	Family

Pfam: PF00147, PF08702

UniProt features (106 total): strand 30, sequence variant 24, helix 13, disulfide bond 8, turn 6, binding site 4, site 3, modified residue 3, region of interest 3, sequence conflict 3, glycosylation site 2, cross-link 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, domain 1, splice variant 1, compositionally biased region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

47 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9KHB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.03
9KHC	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.32
2Y7L	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.49
1DUG	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8
4B60	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.83
2VR3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
2FIB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.01
1FIB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
1FID	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
3FIB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.1
1FZC	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
3E1I	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
2HWL	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
2OYH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
2VDR	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
1RE3	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.45
1FIC	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
1FZG	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.5
2VDO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.51
1RF1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.53
2VDQ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.59
2HLO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
3BVH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
1FZF	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
1RE4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
2H43	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
2OYI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
2Z4E	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
1LT9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
1LTJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P02679-F1	85.60	0.67

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 4 — 2VDO, 2VDP, 2VDQ, 2VDR

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (3): 84–85 (cleavage; by plasmin; to break down fibrin clots); 88–89 (cleavage; by plasmin; to break down fibrin clots); 102–103 (cleavage; by hementin; to prevent blood coagulation)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 350; 344; 346; 348

Post-translational modifications (5): 68, 444, 448, 424, 432

Disulfide bonds (8): 34, 35, 45, 49, 161, 165, 179–208, 352–365

Glycosylation sites (2): 78, 334

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

22 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-114608	Platelet degranulation
R-HSA-1236974	ER-Phagosome pathway
R-HSA-166058	MyD88:MAL(TIRAP) cascade initiated on plasma membrane
R-HSA-216083	Integrin cell surface interactions
R-HSA-354192	Integrin signaling
R-HSA-354194	GRB2:SOS provides linkage to MAPK signaling for Integrins
R-HSA-372708	p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins
R-HSA-381426	Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)
R-HSA-5602498	MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4)
R-HSA-5603041	IRAK4 deficiency (TLR2/4)
R-HSA-5674135	MAP2K and MAPK activation
R-HSA-5686938	Regulation of TLR by endogenous ligand
R-HSA-6802946	Signaling by moderate kinase activity BRAF mutants
R-HSA-6802948	Signaling by high-kinase activity BRAF mutants
R-HSA-6802952	Signaling by BRAF and RAF1 fusions
R-HSA-6802955	Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF
R-HSA-8957275	Post-translational protein phosphorylation
R-HSA-9649948	Signaling downstream of RAS mutants
R-HSA-9656223	Signaling by RAF1 mutants
R-HSA-9769733	Fibrin formation
R-HSA-9936686	Aggregated β-amyloid interacts with fibrinogen
R-HSA-140875

MSigDB gene sets: 349 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_MCMV_INFECTION_UP, GOBP_PROTEIN_ACTIVATION_CASCADE, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, chr4q32, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_WOUND_HEALING, GOBP_CIRCULATORY_SYSTEM_PROCESS, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, REACTOME_CLASS_I_MHC_MEDIATED_ANTIGEN_PROCESSING_PRESENTATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_COAGULATION, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, REACTOME_PLATELET_AGGREGATION_PLUG_FORMATION, REACTOME_PLATELET_ACTIVATION_SIGNALING_AND_AGGREGATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HETEROTYPIC_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_PLATELET_ACTIVATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION

GO Biological Process (21): cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0007160), protein secretion (GO:0009306), plasminogen activation (GO:0031639), positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0034116), fibrinolysis (GO:0042730), positive regulation of vasoconstriction (GO:0045907), positive regulation of exocytosis (GO:0045921), positive regulation of protein secretion (GO:0050714), protein polymerization (GO:0051258), response to calcium ion (GO:0051592), protein-containing complex assembly (GO:0065003), positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade (GO:0070374), platelet aggregation (GO:0070527), blood coagulation, fibrin clot formation (GO:0072378), positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion (GO:0090277), positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading (GO:1900026), negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors (GO:1902042), negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process (GO:2000352), blood coagulation (GO:0007596), hemostasis (GO:0007599), platelet activation (GO:0030168)

GO Molecular Function (6): signaling receptor binding (GO:0005102), structural molecule activity (GO:0005198), extracellular matrix structural constituent (GO:0005201), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), cell adhesion molecule binding (GO:0050839), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (12): extracellular region (GO:0005576), fibrinogen complex (GO:0005577), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), endoplasmic reticulum lumen (GO:0005788), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), external side of plasma membrane (GO:0009897), cell surface (GO:0009986), extracellular matrix (GO:0031012), platelet alpha granule (GO:0031091), platelet alpha granule lumen (GO:0031093), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), blood microparticle (GO:0072562)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-17 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Oncogenic MAPK signaling	5
Integrin signaling	2
Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade	2
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+	1
Antigen processing-Cross presentation	1
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade	1
Toll Like Receptor TLR1:TLR2 Cascade	1
Toll Like Receptor TLR6:TLR2 Cascade	1
Extracellular matrix organization	1
Signal Transduction	1
Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation)	1
Metabolism of proteins	1
RAF/MAP kinase cascade	1
Toll-like Receptor Cascades	1
Post-translational protein modification	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
positive regulation of secretion by cell	2
protein binding	2
cell-substrate adhesion	1
protein transport	1
secretion by cell	1
establishment of protein localization to extracellular region	1
protein localization to extracellular region	1
zymogen activation	1
positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion	1
heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	1
regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	1
negative regulation of blood coagulation	1
regulation of vasoconstriction	1
vasoconstriction	1
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
exocytosis	1
regulation of exocytosis	1
protein secretion	1
regulation of protein secretion	1
positive regulation of protein transport	1
protein-containing complex assembly	1
response to metal ion	1
cellular component assembly	1
protein-containing complex organization	1
positive regulation of MAPK cascade	1
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1
regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	1
platelet activation	1
homotypic cell-cell adhesion	1
blood coagulation	1
protein activation cascade	1
positive regulation of peptide secretion	1
peptide hormone secretion	1
positive regulation of hormone secretion	1
regulation of peptide hormone secretion	1
positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion	1
substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	1
regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	1
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1788 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
FGG	FGA	P02671	941
FGG	FGB	P02675	937
FGG	FN1	P02751	859
FGG	SERPIND1	P05546	855
FGG	F2	P00734	821
FGG	HRG	P04196	815
FGG	HABP2	Q14520	799
FGG	VWF	P04275	780
FGG	APOA4	P06727	768
FGG	AHSG	P02765	730
FGG	A2M	P01023	724
FGG	F13A1	P00488	681
FGG	PLG	P00747	674
FGG	APOE	P02649	671
FGG	KNG1	P01042	667

IntAct

104 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
FGA	FGB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.850
FGA	FGB	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.850
MAPK6	HERC2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.840
FGG	ITGB3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.660
WIPI2	BNIP3L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
Itga5	FGG	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.590
FGG	Itga5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.590
YWHAQ	IGLC7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CA8	IGLL5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FGG	KDM1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LGALS3	PODXL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GNG10	GNAS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FGG	gapA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.520
FGG	HSPD1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	CD5L	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	LECT2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400

BioGRID (126): FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), CHD9 (Co-fractionation), FGG (Co-fractionation), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), FGG (Co-localization), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS), FGG (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A8J8, O08538, O15123, O18920, O35460, O35462, O35608, O43827, O77802, O95841, P02675, P02676, P02678, P02679, P02680, P04115, P12799, P12804, P14480, P17634, P21758, P30204, P86239, Q02020, Q08830, Q0P4P2, Q14314, Q15389, Q1RMR1, Q29RY7, Q3SZZ7, Q5EA66, Q5M8C6, Q5XK91, Q60FC1, Q640P2, Q6AX44, Q71KU9, Q86XS5, Q8K0E8

Diamond homologs: A0A8J8, A2AV25, D8VNS7, D8VNS8, D8VNS9, D8VNT0, E2IYB3, E9PV24, O00602, O08538, O15123, O18920, O35460, O35462, O35608, O43827, O70165, O70497, O75636, O77802, O93526, O95841, P02671, P02675, P02676, P02678, P02679, P02680, P04115, P06399, P10039, P12799, P12804, P14448, P14480, P17634, P19477, P21520, P22105, P24821

SIGNOR signaling

10 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
FGG	“down-regulates activity”	VWF	binding
FGG	“down-regulates activity”	VTN	binding
FGG	“down-regulates activity”	FN1	binding
“AIIB/b3 integrin”	“up-regulates activity”	FGG	binding
FGG	up-regulates	Platelet_aggregation
FGG	“form complex”	Fibrinogen	binding
MMP13	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	FGG	cleavage
MMP14	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	FGG	cleavage

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 109 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Platelet degranulation	7	8.5×	3e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

222 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	15
Likely pathogenic	16
Uncertain significance	110
Likely benign	36
Benign	12

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1299531	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.207_208dup (p.Glu70fs)	Pathogenic
16377	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.307+5G>A	Pathogenic
16380	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.667-320A>T	Pathogenic
2572634	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1201C>T (p.Arg401Trp)	Pathogenic
2683325	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.901C>A (p.Arg301Ser)	Pathogenic
2691431	NC_000004.11:g.(?155525322)(155533809_?)del	Pathogenic
3380989	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1024G>A (p.Asp342Asn)	Pathogenic
3380990	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.997C>T (p.His333Tyr)	Pathogenic
3381927	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.124-2A>G	Pathogenic
4541012	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1054T>A (p.Cys352Ser)	Pathogenic
4747417	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.637del (p.Ser213fs)	Pathogenic
4747418	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.400C>T (p.Arg134Ter)	Pathogenic
504885	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1022G>A (p.Trp341Ter)	Pathogenic
626954	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.331A>T (p.Lys111Ter)	Pathogenic
800570	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.666+23T>A	Pathogenic
16376	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.78+5G>A	Likely pathogenic
1705951	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1019C>T (p.Thr340Ile)	Likely pathogenic
2664006	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1067A>G (p.Asp356Gly)	Likely pathogenic
2664730	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1030G>C (p.Asp344His)	Likely pathogenic
2683318	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1172A>T (p.Asn391Ile)	Likely pathogenic
3251653	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1037A>G (p.Asp346Gly)	Likely pathogenic
3257729	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1242del (p.Phe415fs)	Likely pathogenic
3346433	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1015A>C (p.Ser339Arg)	Likely pathogenic
3366970	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1006A>T (p.Met336Leu)	Likely pathogenic
3391442	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.667-1G>T	Likely pathogenic
4278256	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1140C>A (p.Tyr380Ter)	Likely pathogenic
4813762	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.926del (p.Gly309fs)	Likely pathogenic
4847282	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1055G>C (p.Cys352Ser)	Likely pathogenic
521192	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.1030G>A (p.Asp344Asn)	Likely pathogenic
627163	NM_021870.3(FGG):c.963del (p.Phe321fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

954 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
4:154606983:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154608649:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154608660:CATT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154608661:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154608663:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154608663:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154608667:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154610198:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154611801:TTACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154611802:TACCG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154611803:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154611803:ACC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154611804:C:CG	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154611804:CCGA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154611804:CCGAA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154611894:CATAT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154611896:TAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154611899:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154611899:CTGTA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154611900:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:154611906:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154612016:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154612017:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
4:154612197:CTACC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:154612383:CTACT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154612384:TACTT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154612385:ACTTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154612386:C:CG	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154612388:T:TG	donor_loss	1.0000
4:154612389:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3015 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
4:154605011:C:A	W395C	0.999
4:154605011:C:G	W395C	0.999
4:154605013:A:G	W395R	0.999
4:154605013:A:T	W395R	0.999
4:154606740:C:G	C365S	0.999
4:154606741:A:G	C365R	0.999
4:154606741:A:T	C365S	0.999
4:154606751:C:A	W361C	0.999
4:154606751:C:G	W361C	0.999
4:154606753:A:G	W361R	0.999
4:154606753:A:T	W361R	0.999
4:154606756:A:G	W360R	0.999
4:154606756:A:T	W360R	0.999
4:154606778:A:C	C352W	0.999
4:154606779:C:A	C352F	0.999
4:154606779:C:G	C352S	0.999
4:154606779:C:T	C352Y	0.999
4:154606780:A:T	C352S	0.999
4:154606817:A:C	S339R	0.999
4:154606817:A:T	S339R	0.999
4:154606819:T:G	S339R	0.999
4:154606740:C:A	C365F	0.998
4:154606740:C:T	C365Y	0.998
4:154606754:C:A	W360C	0.998
4:154606754:C:G	W360C	0.998
4:154606780:A:G	C352R	0.998
4:154606820:G:C	F338L	0.998
4:154606820:G:T	F338L	0.998
4:154606821:A:G	F338S	0.998
4:154606822:A:G	F338L	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000205374 (4:154614011 A>G), RS1000515445 (4:154613164 C>A,T), RS1000696451 (4:154609216 G>A,C), RS1000720733 (4:154614275 G>A,T), RS1001033245 (4:154613496 T>C), RS1001545467 (4:154607553 A>G), RS1001661481 (4:154607858 T>C), RS1001923647 (4:154607321 G>A), RS1002974266 (4:154608799 T>C), RS1003332583 (4:154608952 T>C), RS1003553436 (4:154610975 C>A,T), RS1003666369 (4:154611438 C>A), RS1004104250 (4:154603819 G>C), RS1004481852 (4:154609002 C>A,T), RS1004506577 (4:154610100 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:134850 | disease phenotypes: MIM:202400, MIM:616004, MIM:182601

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
thrombophilia	Strong	Autosomal dominant
congenital afibrinogenemia	Strong	Autosomal recessive
familial dysfibrinogenemia	Strong	Autosomal dominant
congenital fibrinogen deficiency	Strong	Semidominant
familial hypofibrinogenemia	Supportive	Autosomal dominant

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
congenital fibrinogen deficiency	Definitive	SD

Mondo (7): congenital afibrinogenemia (MONDO:0008737), familial dysfibrinogenemia (MONDO:0014452), hereditary spastic paraplegia 4 (MONDO:0008438), thrombocytopenia (MONDO:0002049), congenital fibrinogen deficiency (MONDO:0018060), thrombophilia (MONDO:0002305), familial hypofibrinogenemia (MONDO:0015096)

Orphanet (5): Congenital fibrinogen deficiency (Orphanet:335), Familial afibrinogenemia (Orphanet:98880), Familial dysfibrinogenemia (Orphanet:98881), Immunodeficiency with factor I anomaly (Orphanet:200418), Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 4 (Orphanet:100985)

HPO phenotypes

29 total (29 of 29 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000225	Gingival bleeding
HP:0000421	Epistaxis
HP:0000978	Bruising susceptibility
HP:0001342	Cerebral hemorrhage
HP:0001386	Joint swelling
HP:0001522	Death in infancy
HP:0001892	Abnormal bleeding
HP:0001934	Persistent bleeding after trauma
HP:0002239	Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
HP:0002248	Hematemesis
HP:0003577	Congenital onset
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0003811	Neonatal death
HP:0003819	Death in childhood
HP:0004936	Venous thrombosis
HP:0005268	Miscarriage
HP:0006298	Prolonged bleeding after dental extraction
HP:0011421	Death in adolescence
HP:0011463	Childhood onset
HP:0011884	Abnormal umbilical stump bleeding
HP:0011900	Hypofibrinogenemia
HP:0012223	Splenic rupture
HP:0030137	Prolonged bleeding following circumcision
HP:0034287	Afibrinogenemia
HP:0100309	Subdural hemorrhage
HP:0100310	Epidural hemorrhage
HP:0400008	Menometrorrhagia

GWAS associations

17 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000368_6	Fibrinogen	8.000000e-39
GCST001049_6	D-dimer levels	3.000000e-18
GCST001158_1	Fibrinogen	1.000000e-109
GCST001253_2	Venous thromboembolism	2.000000e-13
GCST002012_4	Venous thromboembolism	2.000000e-13
GCST002808_6	Venous thromboembolism	1.000000e-16
GCST003194_38	Fibrinogen levels	1.000000e-87
GCST003194_39	Fibrinogen levels	2.000000e-76
GCST003390_3	Thrombosis	2.000000e-19
GCST004256_2	Venous thromboembolism	3.000000e-11
GCST006017_3	Prothrombin time	2.000000e-20
GCST006018_1	Activated partial thromboplastin time	4.000000e-16
GCST006585_866	Blood protein levels	8.000000e-06
GCST007638_29	Glycine levels	2.000000e-10
GCST009030_2	Venous thromboembolism	2.000000e-59
GCST009097_2	Venous thromboembolism	2.000000e-88
GCST012523_3	Venous thromboembolism	5.000000e-24

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004507	D dimer measurement
EFO:0003907	deep vein thrombosis
EFO:0008390	prothrombin time measurement
EFO:0009767	glycine measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (4)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D000347	Afibrinogenemia	C15.378.100.100.056; C15.378.100.141.072; C15.378.463.067; C16.320.099.056
D013921	Thrombocytopenia	C15.378.140.855; C15.378.243.937
D019851	Thrombophilia	C15.378.925
C536865	Spastic paraplegia 4, autosomal dominant (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2364709 (PROTEIN COMPLEX)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

2 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs2066865	FGG		0.00	0
rs1800792	FGG		0.00	0

CTD chemical–gene interactions

77 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects expression, decreases expression, increases methylation, affects cotreatment	7
Ethinyl Estradiol	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	5
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination	affects binding, increases expression	4
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation, affects expression, decreases expression	4
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	4
Gestodene	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	decreases expression	3
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	3
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Fluorouracil	affects response to substance, decreases expression	2
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	2
Snake Venoms	increases cleavage, affects binding	2
Levonorgestrel	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Vitamin K 3	affects expression, increases expression	2
abemaciclib	decreases expression	1
perfluorodecanesulfonic acid	increases expression	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
benzo(b)fluoranthene	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects expression	1
ascorbate-2-phosphate	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
norgestimate	affects binding, affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

289 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT01214772	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Heparin in Treatment IVF-ET Failure
NCT03531437	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Comparison of Coagulation Profiles Between Zoely and Minidoz: RCT
NCT02822599	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Human Fibrinogen Concentrate in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
NCT00039858	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Argatroban Injection in Pediatric Patients Requiring Anticoagulant Alternatives to Heparin
NCT00239733	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Anti-D for Treating Thrombocytopenia in Adults Infected With Hepatitis C Virus With or Without HIV Co-Infection
NCT00907478	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study on Bone Marrow Morphology in Adults Receiving Romiplostim for Treatment of Thrombocytopenia Associated With Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)
NCT01727401	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Thromboprophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Acutely-ill Medical Inpatients With Thrombocytopenia
NCT02032134	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Protocol for the Infusion of Buffy Coat-derived Cryopreserved Platelets in Patients With Severe Thrombocytopenia
NCT02267993	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of rhTPO for the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia After Chemotherapy in AML Patients
NCT03633019	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	High-dose Use of rhTPO in CIT Patients
NCT03688191	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Study of Sirolimus in CTD-TP in China
NCT04906083	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Avatrombopag in Patients With End-stage Liver Disease and Thrombocytopenia
NCT05217719	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Effects of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin on Platelet Levels in ICU Patients
NCT05255003	PHASE4	RECRUITING	STrategies for Anticoagulation in Patients With thRombocytopenia and Cancer-associated Thrombosis
NCT05382013	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Efficacy and Safety of Avatrombopag for Treating TCP in HBV-ACLF Patients Receiving ALSS Treatment
NCT05944458	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine in Preventing Linezolid-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Critically Ill Patients
NCT06562738	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Clinical Study on Efficacy and Safety of Hetrombopag in the Preoperative Patients of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00967382	PHASE3	COMPLETED	TIPPS: Thrombophilia in Pregnancy Prophylaxis Study
NCT01046942	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	ThrombElastoGraphic Haemostatic Status and Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
NCT06153394	PHASE3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Prolonged Hypercoagulability Following Major Liver Resection for Malignancy
NCT00916656	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Fibrinogen Concentrate (Human) - Efficacy and Safety Study
NCT02065882	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetic, Efficacy and Safety of BT524 in Patients With Congenital Fibrinogen Deficiency
NCT04636268	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	FIB Grifols Congenital Deficiency for On-demand Treatment and Surgical Prophylaxis
NCT02267226	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of Octafibrin for On-demand Treatment of Acute Bleeding and to Prevent Bleeding During and After Surgery
NCT02408484	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetic of Octafibrin in Paediatric Subjects With Fibrinogen Deficiency
NCT00037791	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of (PN-152,243)/PN-196,444 in the Prevention of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00039910	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of (PN-152,243)/PN-196,444 in the Prevention of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00073580	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Angiomax in Patients With HIT/HITTS Type II Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) (CHOOSE)
NCT00102323	PHASE3	COMPLETED	AMG 531 Treatment of Thrombocytopenic Subjects With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Refractory to Splenectomy
NCT00102336	PHASE3	COMPLETED	AMG 531 Treatment of Thrombocytopenic Subjects With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Prior to Splenectomy
NCT00116688	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Open Label Extension Study of Romiplostim (AMG 531) in Thrombocytopenic Patients With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
NCT00128713	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Optimal Platelet Dose Strategy for Management of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00151866	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Transfusions With Platelets Stored in Platelet Additive Solution II Versus Plasma
NCT00261924	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of Platelets Treated for Pathogen Inactivation and Stored for Up to Seven Days
NCT00415532	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Romiplostim (AMG 531) Versus Medical Standard of Care for Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura
NCT00420914	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Strategies for Transfusion of Platelets (SToP)
NCT00501345	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Aspirin in Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Thrombocytopenia
NCT00508820	PHASE3	COMPLETED	An Open Label Study of Romiplostim in Adult Thrombocytopenic Subjects With ITP
NCT00678587	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Eltrombopag To Reduce The Need For Platelet Transfusion In Subjects With Chronic Liver Disease And Thrombocytopenia Undergoing Elective Invasive Procedures
NCT01438840	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Oral E5501 Plus Standard of Care for the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in Adults With Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia (Amendment 02)