FUT3

Summary

FUT3 (fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group), HGNC:4014) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19p13.3, encoding 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT3 (P21217). Catalyzes the transfer of L-fucose, from a guanosine diphosphate-beta-L-fucose, to both the subterminal N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) of type 1 chain (beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc) glycolipids and oligosaccharides via an alpha(1,4) linkage, and the subterminal glucose (Glc) o….

The Lewis histo-blood group system comprises a set of fucosylated glycosphingolipids that are synthesized by exocrine epithelial cells and circulate in body fluids. The glycosphingolipids function in embryogenesis, tissue differentiation, tumor metastasis, inflammation, and bacterial adhesion. They are secondarily absorbed to red blood cells giving rise to their Lewis phenotype. This gene is a member of the fucosyltransferase family, which catalyzes the addition of fucose to precursor polysaccharides in the last step of Lewis antigen biosynthesis. It encodes an enzyme with alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase and alpha(1,4)-fucosyltransferase activities. Mutations in this gene are responsible for the majority of Lewis antigen-negative phenotypes. Differences in the expression of this gene are associated with host susceptibility to viral infection.

Source: NCBI Gene 2525 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 23
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 89 total
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 13 tissues, sQTL in 2 (q < 0.05)
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.02 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 1.94 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001097639
• Notable: 89 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:4014
Approved symbol	FUT3
Name	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)
Location	19p13.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CD174
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000171124
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	111100
Entrez	2525

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 8 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 5, TSL 3: 1, TSL 4: 3, TSL 5: 1

ENST00000303225, ENST00000458379, ENST00000585715, ENST00000587048, ENST00000587183, ENST00000588539, ENST00000589620, ENST00000589714, ENST00000589918, ENST00000593144

RefSeq mRNA: 12 — MANE Select: NM_001097639 NM_000149, NM_001097639, NM_001097640, NM_001097641, NM_001374740, NM_001382744, NM_001382745, NM_001382746, NM_001382747, NM_001382748, NM_001382749, NM_001382750

CCDS: CCDS12153

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000589620 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002852263	5846426	5846618
ENSE00002917594	5851390	5851449
ENSE00004800579	5842257	5844851

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 193 present calls, max score 98.92.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 1.6505 / max 129.3567, expressed in 156 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): lower esophagus mucosa, mucosa of transverse colon, esophagus mucosa, nasal cavity epithelium, ileal mucosa.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

FUT3 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 13 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 2 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

15 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Testis	eqtl	2.6e-35	+0.63	19:5863725:T:C
Esophagus Mucosa	sqtl	5.4e-18	+0.65	19:5847681:C:T
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	1.5e-13	+0.65	19:5810465:C:T
Liver	eqtl	6.7e-09	+0.57	19:5866725:T:C
Nerve Tibial	eqtl	4.8e-08	+0.32	19:5866643:A:G
Pituitary	eqtl	2.8e-07	+0.52	19:5866574:C:T
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	6.7e-05	-0.18	19:5843598:T:C
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	4.4e-04	+0.20	19:5866829:T:C
Esophagus Muscularis	eqtl	1.8e-03	+0.23	19:5866805:G:A
Minor Salivary Gland	sqtl	3.1e-03	+0.55	19:5847068:C:A
Brain Spinal cord cervical c-1	eqtl	3.7e-03	+0.45	19:5866643:A:G
Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes	eqtl	3.8e-03	+0.37	19:5863725:T:C
Brain Amygdala	eqtl	9.2e-03	+0.45	19:5897599:T:C
Artery Tibial	eqtl	3.5e-02	+0.22	19:5867902:G:A
Adipose Subcutaneous	eqtl	5.0e-02	-0.31	19:5867143:G:A

FANTOM5 promoters

4 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
178574	1.5461	152
178575	0.0808	40
178569	0.0181	7
178570	0.0056	2

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 283 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	98.92	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	98.05	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	96.29	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	95.60	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	94.25	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	94.07	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	93.90	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	93.60	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	93.30	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	93.26	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	92.91	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	92.79	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	92.76	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	92.71	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	91.73	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	91.59	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	91.54	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	91.26	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	90.58	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	90.37	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	89.25	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	89.17	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	88.90	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	88.88	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	88.68	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	88.26	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	88.16	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	87.98	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	87.64	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	87.30	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	87.13	silver quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	86.96	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	86.73	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	86.19	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	86.08	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	86.04	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	85.52	gold quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	85.19	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	85.18	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	84.87	silver quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	84.77	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	84.13	silver quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	83.19	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	82.50	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	82.48	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	81.80	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	81.28	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	81.08	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	81.06	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	79.27	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	79.09	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	78.55	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	78.24	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	78.07	silver quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	78.00	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	77.68	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	77.64	gold quality
large intestine	UBERON:0000059	77.41	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	77.41	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	77.03	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	76.92	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	76.75	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	76.57	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	76.40	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	76.25	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	76.17	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	76.02	silver quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	75.99	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	75.89	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	75.86	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	75.71	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	75.62	gold quality
subthalamic nucleus	UBERON:0001906	75.59	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	75.51	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	75.40	gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamus	UBERON:0001897	75.35	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	74.79	gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglion	UBERON:0005363	74.65	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	74.54	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	74.49	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	74.41	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	74.14	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	73.93	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	73.90	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	73.43	gold quality
ventral tegmental area	UBERON:0002691	73.33	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	73.30	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	73.05	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	72.97	silver quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	72.80	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	72.68	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	72.64	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	72.60	gold quality
medulla oblongata	UBERON:0001896	72.57	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	72.57	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	72.57	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	72.50	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	72.42	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	72.41	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	72.40	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-3929	yes	186.74
E-CURD-114	yes	53.00
E-ANND-3	yes	9.66

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

showing 60 of 61 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Retina	tissue	76.2
Esophagus	tissue	70.2	not detected
Colon	tissue	63.5	medium
Small intestine	tissue	53.3	medium
Vagina	tissue	51.5	not detected
Duodenum	tissue	45.3	high
Rectum	tissue	42.2	medium
Gallbladder	tissue	21.2	medium
Stomach 1	tissue	19.7	medium
Tonsil	tissue	15.1	low
Appendix	tissue	12.0	medium
Kidney	tissue	9.3	low
Cervix	tissue	8.8	low
Seminal vesicle	tissue	8.1	low
Salivary gland	tissue	4.2	not detected
Hypothalamus	tissue	3.9
Pancreas	tissue	3.3	low
Cerebral cortex	tissue	3.1	low
Skin 1	tissue	3.0	not detected
Medulla oblongata	tissue	2.9
Urinary bladder	tissue	2.8	medium
Pons	tissue	2.7
Smooth muscle	tissue	2.6	low
Thalamus	tissue	2.4
Basal ganglia	tissue	2.3	low
Midbrain	tissue	2.3
Choroid plexus	tissue	2.2
Cerebellum	tissue	2.2	low
Amygdala	tissue	2.1
Substantia nigra	tissue	2.1
Lung	tissue	2.1	low
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	2.1
Hippocampal formation	tissue	2.0
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	1.9
Occipital cortex	tissue	1.9
Putamen	tissue	1.8
Hippocampus	tissue	1.8	not detected
Locus coeruleus	tissue	1.7
Spinal cord	tissue	1.6
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	1.4
Testis	tissue	1.3	medium
Breast	tissue	1.0	low
Liver	tissue	0.7	not detected
Pituitary gland	tissue	0.6
Bone marrow	tissue	0.6	not detected
Fallopian tube	tissue	0.6	low
Adipose tissue	tissue	0.5	not detected
Heart muscle	tissue	0.2	low
Endometrium 1	tissue	0.2	low
Prostate	tissue	0.2	not detected
Thymus	tissue	0.2
Lymph node	tissue	0.1	not detected
Placenta	tissue	0.1	low
Spleen	tissue	0.1	low
Parathyroid gland	tissue	0.0	low
Skeletal muscle	tissue	0.0	low
Epididymis	tissue	0.0	low
Thyroid gland	tissue	0.0	low
Bronchus	tissue	-1.0	low
Soft tissue 1	tissue	-1.0	low

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 186; highest nTPM — Paraventricular nucleus (3.9), Orbitofrontal gyrus, anterior (3.1), Nucleus gracilis (2.9), Area postrema (2.8), Nucleus cuneatus (2.7).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): MYC

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting FUT3 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

30 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6778-3P	99.96	67.29	2693
HSA-MIR-1-3P	99.93	72.35	1914
HSA-MIR-206	99.93	72.50	1893
HSA-MIR-613	99.91	71.50	1710
HSA-MIR-6764-5P	99.75	67.89	2304
HSA-MIR-4530	99.69	66.47	1509
HSA-MIR-1303	99.65	69.77	1662
HSA-MIR-4690-5P	99.65	66.24	813
HSA-MIR-1915-3P	99.58	66.79	1988
HSA-MIR-766-3P	99.47	65.24	1811
HSA-MIR-6837-5P	99.25	65.47	1632
HSA-MIR-6878-3P	99.24	64.23	920
HSA-MIR-499A-3P	99.18	69.20	1392
HSA-MIR-499B-3P	99.18	69.27	1391
HSA-MIR-3619-5P	99.00	68.87	2308
HSA-MIR-939-3P	98.97	65.07	2347
HSA-MIR-1294	98.91	69.26	1030
HSA-MIR-9986	98.91	69.28	1024
HSA-MIR-2355-5P	98.83	65.51	1589
HSA-MIR-4539	98.78	67.18	888
HSA-MIR-502-5P	98.77	66.51	906
HSA-MIR-589-5P	98.72	66.96	927
HSA-MIR-214-3P	98.71	68.12	2128
HSA-MIR-761	98.71	68.07	2051
HSA-MIR-4710	98.61	65.96	1048
HSA-MIR-4726-3P	98.49	63.89	1385
HSA-MIR-6841-3P	98.08	66.54	604
HSA-MIR-3665	97.73	65.08	975
HSA-MIR-4701-5P	96.45	68.41	1121
HSA-MIR-588	96.45	68.36	1127

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.0194, LOEUF 1.94, missense Z 1.26 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD)

ENST00000589620 splits into 2 regions with different missense tolerance; 0 are missense-constrained. Missense variants in a constrained region (low observed/expected) are more likely to be pathogenic. gnomAD

Region (GRCh38)	Missense obs / exp	o/e	Constrained
19:5,843,757–5,844,383	206 / 287.7	0.72	no
19:5,844,384–5,844,839	212 / 203.6	1.04	no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• PCR using sequence-specific primers DNA enables efficient genotyping of clinical samples (PMID:11668626)
• Sialy Lewis-X antigens play an important role liver metastases of colon carcinoma. (PMID:11819805)
• Distribution of Lewis (FUT3)genotype and allele frequencies by ethnicity in a United States population. (PMID:12424536)
• Cys, Gln, and Tyr residues are important for FT3wt sorting into the transport vesicles possibly due to interactions with other membrane proteins (PMID:12493760)
• study of the Lewis gene polymorphisms in a Caucasian Portuguese population with a high rate of H. pylori infection, and evaluation of the implications of mutant enzymes in Le(b) expression in the gastric mucosa (PMID:12730721)
• results indicated that Mn2+ bound the enzyme and increased its affinity for the acceptor (PMID:14977360)
• The heterologous enzyme hFUT3 was strongly expressed and fully functional in transgenic tobacco, which showed a delay in growth linked to a reduction of internode length. (PMID:15331092)
• Higher expression of Lewis y/b was more often found in high grade and poor prognosis tumours compared to good prognosis breast cancers. (PMID:16168124)
• cloning and characterization of the promoter; strong correlation between the promoter activity and high expression of sialyl Le(a) observed in colon carcinoma cell lines seem to confirm the important regulatory role of FUT3 in synthesis of sialyl Le(a) (PMID:16199102)
• LeX motif present in human milk can bind to dendritic cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), thereby preventing the capture and subsequent transfer of HIV-1 to CD4+ T lymphocytes. (PMID:16239964)
• T3 overexpression in gastric cells depends upon promoter hypomethylation and FUT3 is responsible for overexpression of Le(a) in gastric cells, in vitro (PMID:16427187)
• functional mutations of the FUT3 gene may be associated with an increased atherothrombotic disease prevalence, especially among abstainers (PMID:17383304)
• These observations point to a tumor induced transcription of endothelial FUT1 and consequently an enhanced expression of CD174 which is involved in migration and early cell-cell contacts during tumor associated angiogenesis. (PMID:18205178)
• increased CD15 expression is not due to de novo biosynthesis of CD15, but results predominantly from induction of alpha(2-3)-sialidase activity (PMID:18953356)
• Expression of sLex antigen in breast cancer is not associated with breast cancer survival. (PMID:18977761)
• These findings indicate that Lewis y antigen have the ability to enhance the proliferation and elevate the survival rates of RMG-I cells, which can promote the genesis and development of ovarian carcinoma (PMID:19137814)
• Sequence analysis of FUT3 identified many SNPs, but most of them are in complete linkage disequilibrium with previously reported SNPs responsible for the Lewis-negative phenotype. (PMID:19175549)
• results suggested that PKR is the primary target for HSV-1 early RNA during induction of FUT3, FUT5, and FUT6 (PMID:19349624)
• Multiple common and sporadic sequence variations including 14 new alleles at FUT1, FUT2, and FUT3 loci were identified. (PMID:19572973)
• in breast cancer there was a limited humoral immune response through Lewis y/IgM/CIC levels detection which correlated with MUC1/IgM/CIC (PMID:19715603)
• Increased expression of Lewis y antigen plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation through activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in ovarian carcinoma-derived RMG-I cells. (PMID:20003467)
• GALNT14 and FUT3/6 H-scores were significantly higher in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines sensitive to dulanermin and drozitumab versus resistant cell lines (PMID:20179215)
• Lewis-negative genotype was associated with invasive ductal breast carcinoma but not with anatomoclinical parameters (PMID:20514537)
• LeY is carried by integrin alphavbeta3 and plays a critical role in attachment to cultured cells. LeY activates integrin alphavbeta3/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. (PMID:20605574)
• At physiological levels of wall shear stress, the number of flowing cancer cells recruited to the microtube surface was dramatically reduced by FUT3 knockdown (PMID:20833389)
• Elevated expression of Topo-I and Topo-II beta is found in Lewis(y) antigen-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. (PMID:21542140)
• down-regulation of FUT3 and FUT5 reduces the expression of sialyl-Lewis antigens and the adhesion capacities of gastric cancer cells and allows to identify the specific alpha1-3,4 fucosyltransferases implicated in the Lewis antigens synthesis (PMID:21978830)
• Obtained FST values reveal distinct frequencies of the FUT3 SNPs between the present sample and its representative ancestral populations. (PMID:23922852)
• Use of FUT2/3 genotype-dependent cut-off values for CA19-9 improved sensitivity and reduced the number of false positive results (PMID:23958938)
• Mutations of FUT3 (rs28362459) and (rs3745635) might influence the lesion locations in CD patients. (PMID:24720527)
• that the absence of alpha1,3/4-fucosyltransferase enzyme is related to breast’s invasive breast carcinoma (PMID:26321244)
• Data suggest that fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT3) gene rs28362459 and rs3745635 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may engender the increased risk of ileocolonic and ileal Crohn’s disease (CD). (PMID:26663064)
• Polymorphisms in FUT3 and its intestinal expression might be associated with ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. (PMID:26766790)
• High FUT3 expression is associated with breast cancer. (PMID:26908442)
• the miRNA expression vector which targets the FUT3 gene can effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of KATO-III cells. (PMID:27453266)
• the high expressions of BCL6 and Lewis y antigen are associated with development, high tumor burden, and worse prognosis of ovarian cancer and targeting BCL6 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer treatment. (PMID:28671040)
• Overexpressed N-fucosylation on cell surface promotes the migration and invasion of metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. Overexpressed N-fucosylation is driven by gene FUT3, 5, and 6 in metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. (PMID:30808544)
• FUT3 and FUT2 genotyping is associated with infection by T. gondii in pregnant women and the Leb profile appears to protect the infection by this parasite. (PMID:30831115)
• Rs2306969 did not modulate FUT3 expression in breast tumors under non-stimulated conditions. (PMID:30929162)
• Regulation of FUT3 expression under hypoxic and serum deprivation conditions may be involved in the acquisition of advantages related to apoptosis resistance and metastasis promotion, according to the intrinsic differences presented by T47D and MCF7 cells. (PMID:31868335)

Cross-species orthologs

22 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	fut9b.3	ENSDARG00000027699
danio_rerio	fut9d	ENSDARG00000028098
danio_rerio	fut7	ENSDARG00000044775
danio_rerio	fut9b.2	ENSDARG00000058299
danio_rerio	fut9b.1	ENSDARG00000067524
danio_rerio	fut9b.4	ENSDARG00000086603
danio_rerio		ENSDARG00000100247
danio_rerio	fut9b.5	ENSDARG00000102426
danio_rerio	fut9b.6	ENSDARG00000102554
drosophila_melanogaster	FucTD	FBGN0035217
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001505
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001507
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00004010
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00006402
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00007211
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00012922
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00016163
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00017343
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00043986
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00044383
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00194870
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00206359

Paralogs (7): FUT5 (ENSG00000130383), FUT6 (ENSG00000156413), FUT9 (ENSG00000172461), POFUT3 (ENSG00000172728), FUT7 (ENSG00000180549), FUT4 (ENSG00000196371), POFUT4 (ENSG00000196968)

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Pan troglodytes	Q659L0	100.0%	Diamond
Mus musculus	O88819	99.4%	Diamond
Canis lupus familiaris	Q659L1	99.4%	Diamond
Rattus norvegicus	Q99JB3	99.2%	Diamond
Cricetulus griseus	Q9JIG1	98.9%	Diamond
Bos taurus	Q8HZR2	97.8%	Diamond
Gorilla gorilla gorilla	Q8HYJ6	96.9%	Diamond
Hylobates lar	Q8HYJ3	96.5%	Diamond
Pongo pygmaeus	Q8HYJ4	96.3%	Diamond
Oryzias latipes	Q5F2N2	84.7%	Diamond
Takifugu rubripes	Q70AG8	84.7%	Diamond
Xenopus tropicalis	Q6A1G3	84.4%	Diamond
Xenopus laevis	Q6NTZ6	84.3%	Diamond
Arabidopsis thaliana	Q9FX97	77.4%	Diamond
Gallus gallus	Q8AWC7	74.2%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
NDUFA11	protein-coding	126328
FUT5	protein-coding	2527
FUT6	protein-coding	2528
NRTN	protein-coding	4902
VMAC	protein-coding	400673
CAPS	protein-coding	828
RANBP3	protein-coding	8498
PRR22	protein-coding	163154
DUS3L	protein-coding	56931

Protein

Protein identifiers

3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT3 — P21217 (reviewed: P21217)

Alternative names: 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase, Alpha-3-fucosyltransferase FUT3, Blood group Lewis alpha-4-fucosyltransferase, Fucosyltransferase 3, Fucosyltransferase III

All UniProt accessions (4): P21217, K7ENT3, K7EQ20, K7ES24

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalyzes the transfer of L-fucose, from a guanosine diphosphate-beta-L-fucose, to both the subterminal N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) of type 1 chain (beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc) glycolipids and oligosaccharides via an alpha(1,4) linkage, and the subterminal glucose (Glc) or GlcNAc of type 2 chain (beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc) oligosaccharides via an alpha(1,3) linkage, independently of the presence of terminal alpha-L-fucosyl-(1,2) moieties on the terminal galactose of these acceptors. Through its catalytic activity, participates in the synthesis of antigens of the Lewis blood group system, i.e. Lewis a (Le(a)), lewis b (Le(b)), Lewis x/SSEA-1 (Le(x)) and lewis y (Le(y)) antigens. Also catalyzes the transfer of L-fucose to subterminal GlcNAc of sialyl- and disialyl-lactotetraosylceramide to produce sialyl Lewis a (sLe(a)) and disialyl Lewis a via an alpha(1,4) linkage and therefore may regulate cell surface sLe(a) expression and consequently regulates adhesive properties to E-selectin, cell proliferation and migration. Catalyzes the transfer of an L-fucose to 3’-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine by an alpha(1,3) linkage, which allows the formation of sialyl-Lewis x structure and therefore may regulate the sialyl-Lewis x surface antigen expression and consequently adhesive properties to E-selectin. Prefers type 1 chain over type 2 acceptors. Type 1 tetrasaccharide is a better acceptor than type 1 disaccharide suggesting that a beta anomeric configuration of GlcNAc in the substrate is preferred. Lewis-positive (Le(+)) individuals have an active enzyme while Lewis-negative (Le(-)) individuals have an inactive enzyme.

Subcellular location. Golgi apparatus. Golgi stack membrane.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in stomach, colon, small intestine, lung and kidney and to a lesser extent in salivary gland, bladder, uterus and liver.

Post-translational modifications. Glycosylated.

Pathway. Protein modification; protein glycosylation.

Polymorphism. Genetic variations in FUT3 define the Lewis blood group system (LE) [MIM:618983]. FUT3 catalyzes the addition of fucose to precursor polysaccharides in the last step of Lewis antigen biosynthesis. Variations in this gene are responsible for the majority of Lewis antigen-negative phenotypes (Le(-)).

Similarity. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 10 family.

RefSeq proteins (12): NP_000140, NP_001091108, NP_001091109, NP_001091110, NP_001361669, NP_001369673, NP_001369674, NP_001369675, NP_001369676, NP_001369677, NP_001369678, NP_001369679 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001503	Glyco_trans_10	Family
IPR031481	Glyco_tran_10_N	Domain
IPR038577	GT10-like_C_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR055270	Glyco_tran_10_C	Domain

Pfam: PF00852, PF17039

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

• EC 2.4.1.65 — 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase (BRENDA: 16 organisms, 191 substrates, 64 inhibitors, 119 Km, 15 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

55 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
GDP-FUCOSE	0.03–0.244	19
GDP-L-FUCOSE	0.005–0.035	8
GAL-BETA-1,4-GLCNAC-O-(CH2)8CO2CH3	0.17–2.2	6
FUCALPHA(1,2)GALBETA(1,3)GLCNAC	0.1–3.8	5
FUC-ALPHA-1,2GAL-BETA-1,3GLCNAC-SP-BIOTIN	0.2–2.5	4
GAL-BETA-1,3-GLCNAC-O-(CH2)8CO2CH3	8.4–22.7	4
GAL-BETA-1,3GLCNACO(CH2)3NHCO(CH2)5NH-BIOTIN	0.7–3.3	4
FUC-ALPHA-1,2GAL-BETA-1,4GLCNAC-SP-BIOTIN	0.1–1.3	3
GALBETA(1,3)GLCNAC	0.6–12.7	3
GALBETA(1,4)GLCNAC	0.035–8.1	3
GDP-BETA-L-FUCOSE	0.0057–0.0337	3
(GAL-3-O-ME)BETA(1-3)(GLCNAC-6-O-ME)BETA-O-ME	0.12–2.7	2
2-O-MEGALBETA(1,3)GLCNACBETA-O-BN	0.16–0.4	2
3-O-SULFOGALBETA(1,3)GLCNACBETA-O-AL	0.047–0.1	2
FORMIC ACID (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-((2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)	0.075–1.3	2

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:14257)
• a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:23628)
• N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1’)-N-acyl-sphing-4-enine + GDP-beta-L-fucose = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->4)-[N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1’)-N-acyl-sphing-4-enine + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:47888)
• N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1’)-N-acyl-sphing-4-enine + GDP-beta-L-fucose = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->4)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->6)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1’)-N-acyl-sphing-4-enine + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:47892)
• a beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1’)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a III(4)-a-Fuc-Lc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:48328)
• Lc4Cer + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a lactoside III(4)-a-Fuc-Lc4Cer + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:48824)
• an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + GDP-beta-L-fucose = an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:52864)
• an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP-beta-L-fucose = an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:56076)
• beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + GDP-beta-L-fucose = beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:62824)
• beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + GDP-beta-L-fucose = beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->4)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:62844)
• lactose + GDP-beta-L-fucose = beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-D-glucose + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:62888)
• alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-D-GlcNAc + GDP-beta-L-fucose = alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->3)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->4)]-D-GlcNAc + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:62896)

UniProt features (22 total): sequence variant 15, topological domain 2, glycosylation site 2, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P21217-F1	90.33	0.81

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Transferases, Metabolic proteins, Blood group antigen proteins, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH supported

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (2)

Type	Positions
N-linked (glcnac…) asparagine	154, 185

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 curated (TAS) of 10; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

10 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-9037629	Lewis blood group biosynthesis	curated
R-HSA-975578	Reactions specific to the complex N-glycan synthesis pathway	curated
R-HSA-446203	Asparagine N-linked glycosylation	—
R-HSA-9033658	Blood group systems biosynthesis	—
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism	—
R-HSA-71387	Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives	—
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins	—
R-HSA-975576	N-glycan antennae elongation in the medial/trans-Golgi	—
R-HSA-597592	Post-translational protein modification	—
R-HSA-948021	Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification	—

MSigDB gene sets: 105 (showing top): GOBP_OLIGOSACCHARIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_POLYSACCHARIDE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PROTEIN_N_LINKED_GLYCOSYLATION, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_12HR_UP, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_SPHINGOLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_AMIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, OUELLET_CULTURED_OVARIAN_CANCER_INVASIVE_VS_LMP_DN, WAGNER_APO2_SENSITIVITY, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, MODULE_157, GOBP_LIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (14): protein N-linked glycosylation (GO:0006487), protein O-linked glycosylation (GO:0006493), ceramide metabolic process (GO:0006672), oligosaccharide metabolic process (GO:0009311), oligosaccharide biosynthetic process (GO:0009312), cell-cell recognition (GO:0009988), Lewis a epitope biosynthetic process (GO:0010493), positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion (GO:0022409), regulation of cell migration (GO:0030334), regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0042127), carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process (GO:1901137), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), sphingolipid metabolic process (GO:0006665), glycoprotein biosynthetic process (GO:0009101)

GO Molecular Function (7): fucosyltransferase activity (GO:0008417), 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity (GO:0017060), 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity (GO:0017083), alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity (GO:0046920), protein binding (GO:0005515), transferase activity (GO:0016740), glycosyltransferase activity (GO:0016757)

GO Cellular Component (4): Golgi membrane (GO:0000139), membrane (GO:0016020), Golgi cisterna membrane (GO:0032580), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

Reactome top-level categories

8 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Blood group systems biosynthesis	1
N-glycan antennae elongation in the medial/trans-Golgi	1
Post-translational protein modification	1
Metabolism of proteins	1
Metabolism	1
Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives	1
Asparagine N-linked glycosylation	1
Transport to the Golgi and subsequent modification	1

GO top-level categories

33 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
glycoprotein biosynthetic process	2
carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process	2
fucosyltransferase activity	2
sphingolipid metabolic process	1
carbohydrate metabolic process	1
oligosaccharide metabolic process	1
carbohydrate biosynthetic process	1
cell recognition	1
polysaccharide biosynthetic process	1
regulation of cell-cell adhesion	1
positive regulation of cell adhesion	1
cell-cell adhesion	1
cell migration	1
regulation of cell motility	1
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cellular process	1
biosynthetic process	1
carbohydrate derivative metabolic process	1
primary metabolic process	1
lipid metabolic process	1
macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
glycoprotein metabolic process	1
hexosyltransferase activity	1
alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
transferase activity	1
Golgi apparatus	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
organelle membrane	1
Golgi cisterna	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 17 of 26 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

17 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
Lewis a epitope biosynthetic process	BP	direct assay
carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process	BP	direct assay
cell-cell recognition	BP	direct assay
ceramide metabolic process	BP	direct assay
oligosaccharide biosynthetic process	BP	direct assay
oligosaccharide metabolic process	BP	direct assay
positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion	BP	mutant phenotype
protein N-linked glycosylation	BP	direct assay
protein O-linked glycosylation	BP	direct assay
regulation of cell migration	BP	mutant phenotype
regulation of cell population proliferation	BP	mutant phenotype
extracellular exosome	CC	high-throughput assay
membrane	CC	direct assay
3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity	MF	direct assay
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity	MF	direct assay
alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity	MF	direct assay
fucosyltransferase activity	MF	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 628 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
FUT3	FUT2	Q10981	969
FUT3	FUT1	P19526	941
FUT3	GAL3ST3	Q96A11	791
FUT3	FUT8	Q9BYC5	730
FUT3	GAL3ST2	Q9H3Q3	672
FUT3	ST3GAL3	Q11203	625
FUT3	POFUT1	Q9H488	617
FUT3	A0A0J9YYA3	A0A0J9YYA3	593
FUT3	SELE	P16111	590
FUT3	GAL3ST1	Q99999	574
FUT3	ORM2	P19652	562
FUT3	B3GALT5	Q9Y2C3	558
FUT3	ST3GAL4	Q11206	548
FUT3	SELP	P16109	545
FUT3	B4GALT1	P15291	529

IntAct

Human interaction partners of FUT3 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

6 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
FAM3B	physical association	0.670	4
SEC22A	physical association	0.560	3
SLC41A2	physical association	0.560	3
TTMP	physical association	0.560	3
TUSC5	physical association	0.560	3
C1QL1	association	0.530	2

BioGRID (40 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): ATP5G1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), C1QL1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), CNNM1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), ECE1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), FAM3B (Two-hybrid; 2 records), FKBP14 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), GLB1L2 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), HAPLN3 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), HYAL2 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), SLC30A5 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), SLC30A6 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), TXNDC15 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), ZDHHC17 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), ADAMTS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), C3orf52 (Two-hybrid)

SIGNOR signaling

1 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
MYC	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	FUT3	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for FUT3: 89 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 23 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

89 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	70
Likely benign	14
Benign	4

AlphaMissense

522 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 2,343 scored), across 146 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
F243	8	0.917	0.991
F290	8	0.877	0.988
F247	8	0.817	0.877
W322	7	0.925	0.979
F296	7	0.895	0.977
K259	7	0.894	0.943
F320	7	0.878	0.930
W261	7	0.861	0.942
C338	7	0.857	0.921
W195	7	0.855	0.963
C91	7	0.853	0.931
E248	7	0.839	0.966
C81	7	0.829	0.932
C341	7	0.825	0.890
W132	7	0.801	0.918
F360	7	0.800	0.947
E258	7	0.777	0.941
H292	7	0.762	0.889
W359	7	0.762	0.879
N249	7	0.741	0.871

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Cancer enhanced (Colon Adenocarcinoma)

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

2 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	9.17e-08
Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	0.000359

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:111100 | disease phenotypes:

GWAS associations

23 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006585_2906	Blood protein levels	3e-126
GCST005046_10	N-glycan levels	3e-29
GCST004161_1	Vitamin B12 levels	1e-23
GCST005046_9	N-glycan levels	1e-21
GCST005046_12	N-glycan levels	3e-20
GCST005046_11	N-glycan levels	5e-19
GCST000925_3	N-glycan levels	4e-17
GCST005046_8	N-glycan levels	9e-17
GCST005046_29	N-glycan levels	1e-16
GCST005046_39	N-glycan levels	3e-14
GCST005046_30	N-glycan levels	2e-13
GCST90011900_156	Serum alkaline phosphatase levels	2e-13
GCST005046_38	N-glycan levels	4e-13
GCST000925_5	N-glycan levels	1e-12
GCST000925_7	N-glycan levels	3e-12
GCST005046_40	N-glycan levels	3e-12
GCST009648_4	Serum cancer antigen 19.9 levels	4e-10
GCST005046_28	N-glycan levels	8e-10
GCST000925_4	N-glycan levels	9e-10
GCST005046_31	N-glycan levels	2e-9
GCST005046_37	N-glycan levels	4e-9
GCST005046_27	N-glycan levels	1e-8
GCST002485_13	Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels	3e-8

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

5 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004999	N-glycan measurement
EFO:0005760	serum carcinoembryonic antigen measurement
EFO:0004620	vitamin B12 measurement
EFO:0010584	cancer antigen 19.9 measurement
EFO:0004533	alkaline phosphatase measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3269 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

36 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	2
Formaldehyde	increases expression, decreases expression	2
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Testosterone	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
3,19-(2-bromobenzylidene)andrographolide	decreases response to substance, increases expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate	decreases expression	1
hydroquinone	increases expression	1
avobenzone	decreases expression	1
ICG 001	decreases expression	1
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Decitabine	affects activity, affects expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases response to substance	1
Leflunomide	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Cadmium	increases expression	1
Calcitriol	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Catechin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	decreases expression	1
Drugs, Chinese Herbal	increases expression	1
Folic Acid	decreases expression	1
Mustard Gas	increases expression	1
Naphthoquinones	increases expression	1
Nickel	increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Plant Oils	decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL681262	Binding	In vitro inhibition of Fucosyltransferase 3	Enzymatic fucosylations with purine-diphosphate-fucoses (PDP-Fucoses) — *Bioorg Med Chem Lett*

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.