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FUT6

gene
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Also known as FT1AFCT3AFucT-VIFLJ40754

Summary

FUT6 (fucosyltransferase 6, HGNC:4017) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19p13.3, encoding 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT6 (P51993). Catalyzes the transfer of L-fucose, from a guanosine diphosphate-beta-L-fucose, to the N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) of a distal alpha2,3 sialylated lactosamine unit of a glycoprotein- or a glycolipid-linked sialopolylactosamines chain or of a distal or internal lactosamine unit….

The protein encoded by this gene is a Golgi stack membrane protein that is involved in the creation of sialyl-Lewis X, an E-selectin ligand. Mutations in this gene are a cause of fucosyltransferase-6 deficiency. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 2528 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): fucosyltransferase 6 deficiency (No Known Disease Relationship, GenCC)
  • GWAS associations: 46 (top 2% of genes corpus-wide)
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 102 total
  • GTEx eGene: eQTL in 4 tissues, sQTL in 4 (q < 0.05)
  • Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.10 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 1.84 (unconstrained)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_000150
  • Notable: 102 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:4017
Approved symbolFUT6
Namefucosyltransferase 6
Location19p13.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesFT1A, FCT3A, FucT-VI, FLJ40754
Ensembl geneENSG00000156413
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM136836
Entrez2528

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 14 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron

MANE Select: ENST00000318336

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 3, TSL 2: 1, TSL 4: 2, TSL 5: 4

ENST00000318336, ENST00000286955, ENST00000524754, ENST00000526499, ENST00000527106, ENST00000528505, ENST00000531085, ENST00000531199, ENST00000532464, ENST00000591079, ENST00000592563, ENST00000850998, ENST00000905019, ENST00000905020, ENST00000905021, ENST00000962499

RefSeq mRNA: 10 — MANE Select: NM_000150 NM_000150, NM_001040701, NM_001369502, NM_001369504, NM_001369505, NM_001381955, NM_001381956, NM_001381957, NM_001381958, NM_001381959

CCDS: CCDS12152

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000318336 — 3 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE0000151873558349505835077
ENSE0000216888958386775839702
ENSE0000218679858304085832579

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 205 present calls, max score 97.27.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.9642 / max 126.9678, expressed in 73 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): lower esophagus mucosa, pharyngeal mucosa, olfactory bulb, buccal mucosa cell, tongue squamous epithelium.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

FUT6 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 4 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 4 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

8 significant tissue × QTL associations:

TissueQTLq-valueSlopeLead variant
Esophagus Mucosasqtl2.0e-34-0.9419:5832888:C:A
Minor Salivary Glandsqtl6.5e-10-0.8819:5832888:C:A
Esophagus Mucosaeqtl8.3e-09+0.1419:5833611:T:C
Testiseqtl2.2e-07+0.4719:5859399:T:C
Colon Transversesqtl3.3e-05-0.3919:5832888:C:A
Pancreaseqtl6.1e-03+0.2419:5819915:A:G
Kidney Cortexsqtl1.8e-02-0.8919:5837500:C:T
Lungeqtl4.9e-02+0.3119:5512800:C:T

FANTOM5 promoters

5 alternative TSS:

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1785650.605870
1785640.257244
1785660.052714
1785670.043511
1785680.00504

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 238 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583497.27gold quality
pharyngeal mucosaUBERON:000035597.21gold quality
olfactory bulbUBERON:000226496.33silver quality
buccal mucosa cellCL:000233696.04gold quality
tongue squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691995.94gold quality
pancreatic ductal cellCL:000207995.77gold quality
nasal cavity epitheliumUBERON:000538495.66gold quality
type B pancreatic cellCL:000016995.52silver quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033195.37gold quality
esophagus squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692095.22gold quality
epithelium of esophagusUBERON:000197694.86gold quality
amniotic fluidUBERON:000017394.54gold quality
tracheaUBERON:000312693.77gold quality
esophagus mucosaUBERON:000246993.73gold quality
oral cavityUBERON:000016793.53gold quality
squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691493.48gold quality
cervix squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692293.03silver quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499192.91gold quality
adult mammalian kidneyUBERON:000008291.23gold quality
nephron tubuleUBERON:000123190.92gold quality
body of tongueUBERON:001187690.77gold quality
cervix epitheliumUBERON:000480190.74gold quality
tongueUBERON:000172390.51gold quality
superior surface of tongueUBERON:000737190.11gold quality
jejunal mucosaUBERON:000039990.05gold quality
saliva-secreting glandUBERON:000104489.65gold quality
mouth mucosaUBERON:000372989.51gold quality
parotid glandUBERON:000183189.35gold quality
minor salivary glandUBERON:000183089.19gold quality
gingivaUBERON:000182889.01gold quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194988.98silver quality
duodenumUBERON:000211488.92gold quality
triceps brachiiUBERON:000150988.48silver quality
colonic mucosaUBERON:000031788.22gold quality
renal medullaUBERON:000036288.15gold quality
kidney epitheliumUBERON:000481988.09gold quality
gluteal muscleUBERON:000200087.24silver quality
mucosa of sigmoid colonUBERON:000499387.21gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynxUBERON:000195187.12gold quality
kidneyUBERON:000211386.91gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreasCL:000008386.00silver quality
tibialis anteriorUBERON:000138585.82silver quality
vastus lateralisUBERON:000137985.56silver quality
jejunumUBERON:000211584.68gold quality
adult organismUBERON:000702384.50gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503084.40gold quality
palpebral conjunctivaUBERON:000181284.33gold quality
bronchusUBERON:000218584.12gold quality
nasal cavity mucosaUBERON:000182683.95gold quality
epithelium of bronchusUBERON:000203183.84gold quality
renal glomerulusUBERON:000007483.46gold quality
diaphragmUBERON:000110383.28gold quality
metanephric glomerulusUBERON:000473683.28gold quality
tonsilUBERON:000237283.12gold quality
left ventricle myocardiumUBERON:000656682.97silver quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachiiUBERON:000450282.88silver quality
superficial temporal arteryUBERON:000161482.59silver quality
rectumUBERON:000105282.56gold quality
vena cavaUBERON:000408782.19gold quality
myocardiumUBERON:000234981.54silver quality
lower lobe of lungUBERON:000894981.43silver quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosaUBERON:000538681.21gold quality
bronchial epithelial cellCL:000232880.87gold quality
small intestineUBERON:000210880.26gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211080.24gold quality
hair follicleUBERON:000207380.04silver quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111480.01gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345479.85gold quality
lateral globus pallidusUBERON:000247679.44silver quality
cortex of kidneyUBERON:000122579.41gold quality
metanephrosUBERON:000008179.37gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominisUBERON:000451179.30silver quality
substantia nigra pars reticulataUBERON:000196679.25silver quality
mucosa of urinary bladderUBERON:000125979.11silver quality
male germ cellCL:000001578.83silver quality
CA1 field of hippocampusUBERON:000388178.75silver quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamusUBERON:000273678.74gold quality
seminal vesicleUBERON:000099878.48gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115778.45gold quality
liverUBERON:000210778.24gold quality
substantia nigra pars compactaUBERON:000196577.67silver quality
periodontal ligamentUBERON:000826677.15gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atriumUBERON:000337977.04silver quality
spermCL:000001977.02silver quality
orbitofrontal cortexUBERON:000416776.90silver quality
vaginaUBERON:000099676.67gold quality
secondary oocyteCL:000065576.60silver quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamusUBERON:000189776.59silver quality
thymusUBERON:000237076.44silver quality
oviduct epitheliumUBERON:000480476.30gold quality
cranial nerve IIUBERON:000094175.95silver quality
inferior olivary complexUBERON:000212775.70silver quality
ventral tegmental areaUBERON:000269175.53silver quality
mammary ductUBERON:000176575.05silver quality
epithelium of mammary glandUBERON:000324474.96silver quality
upper leg skinUBERON:000426274.87silver quality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536374.49silver quality
caecumUBERON:000115374.39gold quality
pylorusUBERON:000116674.37gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130474.27gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-CURD-114yes57.06
E-ANND-3yes6.62

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

57 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cellAxisnTPMProtein (IHC)
Esophagustissue39.3not detected
Salivary glandtissue30.8not detected
Kidneytissue30.3low
Duodenumtissue26.9high
Vaginatissue25.6not detected
Small intestinetissue25.4medium
Colontissue16.3medium
Rectumtissue10.9medium
Gallbladdertissue8.7medium
Cervixtissue6.6low
Tonsiltissue6.2low
Stomach 1tissue4.6medium
Pancreastissue3.5low
Livertissue3.5not detected
Appendixtissue2.5medium
Seminal vesicletissue2.3low
Retinatissue1.9
Breasttissue1.6low
Choroid plexustissue1.1
Cerebral cortextissue0.7low
Cerebellumtissue0.7low
Ponstissue0.6
Basal gangliatissue0.6low
Putamentissue0.6
Amygdalatissue0.6
Medulla oblongatatissue0.6
Hippocampal formationtissue0.6
Retrosplenial cortextissue0.6
Nucleus accumbenstissue0.5
Midbraintissue0.5
Thalamustissue0.5
Hypothalamustissue0.5
Substantia nigratissue0.5
Locus coeruleustissue0.5
Spinal cordtissue0.5
Hippocampustissue0.5not detected
Postcentral gyrustissue0.5
Occipital cortextissue0.5
Smooth muscletissue0.4low
Endometrium 1tissue0.3low
Bone marrowtissue0.3not detected
Fallopian tubetissue0.2low
Lymph nodetissue0.1not detected
Testistissue0.1medium
Adipose tissuetissue0.1not detected
Heart muscletissue0.0low
Parathyroid glandtissue0.0low
Skeletal muscletissue0.0low
Urinary bladdertissue0.0medium
Epididymistissue0.0low
Placentatissue0.0low
Thyroid glandtissue0.0low
Lungtissue0.0low
Spleentissue0.0low
Bronchustissue-1.0low
Soft tissue 1tissue-1.0low
Oral mucosatissue-1.0low

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 185; highest nTPM — Angular gyrus (white matter) (0.7), Area striata (white matter) (0.7), Flocculonodular lobe (0.7), Parieto-temporal junction (white matter) (0.7), Piriform cortex (0.7).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting FUT6 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 33 miRNAs:

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4692100.0067.322066
HSA-MIR-451499.9967.101870
HSA-MIR-6764-5P99.7567.892304
HSA-MIR-453099.6966.471509
HSA-MIR-1915-3P99.5866.791988
HSA-MIR-431699.3765.751360
HSA-MIR-499A-3P99.1869.201392
HSA-MIR-499B-3P99.1869.271391
HSA-MIR-6504-3P99.1769.312891
HSA-MIR-7151-3P99.0469.722370
HSA-MIR-6506-5P99.0465.661386
HSA-MIR-3619-5P99.0068.872308
HSA-MIR-4742-5P98.8968.411542
HSA-MIR-2355-5P98.8365.511589
HSA-MIR-6840-3P98.6865.951923
HSA-MIR-797798.6566.182590
HSA-MIR-471098.6165.961048
HSA-MIR-619-5P98.5764.971988
HSA-MIR-429098.5165.17907
HSA-MIR-4726-3P98.4963.891385
HSA-MIR-5089-5P98.4566.061388
HSA-MIR-6764-3P98.4467.641153
HSA-MIR-6824-3P98.4467.621154
HSA-MIR-5008-5P98.4265.871019
HSA-MIR-6516-5P98.4270.191551
HSA-MIR-6831-5P98.2667.20990
HSA-MIR-366597.7365.08975
HSA-MIR-2467-5P97.3667.71991
HSA-MIR-125A-3P97.0466.92902
HSA-MIR-874-5P96.9363.921014

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.098, LOEUF 1.84, missense Z 0.886 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000318336 — one region, missense o/e 0.92.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 23)

  • endo-beta-galactosidase-sensitive and mAb FH6-reactive carbohydrate chains are generated under the control of expression levels of FUT6 and involved in the adhesion of colon carcinoma cells to liver sections. (PMID:12670495)
  • 5’UT-exons A or C have higher expression of FUT8 transcripts and higher alpha6-fucosyltransferase activity (PMID:14514715)
  • IL-1 beta-induced sLeX expression on HuH-7 cells was suppressed by transfection of gene-specific small interference RNAs against FUT VI and ST3Gal IV but not against FUT IV and ST3Gal III. (PMID:17054948)
  • two defined regions in the 5’-flanking region of the FUT VI transcription start site are critical for FUT VI transcription in HepG2 cells (PMID:18274891)
  • results suggested that PKR is the primary target for HSV-1 early RNA during induction of FUT3, FUT5, and FUT6 (PMID:19349624)
  • GALNT14 and FUT3/6 H-scores were significantly higher in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines sensitive to dulanermin and drozitumab versus resistant cell lines (PMID:20179215)
  • The biosynthesis of the selectin-ligand sialyl Lewis x in colorectal cancer tissues is regulated by fucosyltransferase VI and can be inhibited by an RNA interference-based approach. (PMID:20965272)
  • these results suggest that FUT6 plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma growth by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (PMID:22155250)
  • Results suggest that FUT4-, FUT6- or FUT8-mediated MDR in human HCC is associated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and the expression of MRP1. (PMID:24232099)
  • In normal colon samples a significant relationship between sLe(x) expression and the ratio between FUT6/B4GALNT2 activities exists, demonstrating for the first time a role for B4GALNT2 in sLe(x) inhibition in vivo (PMID:24953560)
  • The T allele of rs3760776 might repress the transcription of the FUT6 gene. (PMID:25962326)
  • There were significant differences between the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and controls in the risk allele distributions of rs3792267 (CAPN10) (P = 0.002), rs1501299 (APM1) (P = 0.017), and rs3760776 (FUT6) (P = 0.031). (PMID:27374856)
  • ur results strongly showed that the low expression of FUT6 regulated by miR-106b contributed to cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in human breast cancer. (PMID:27519168)
  • meta-analysis identified new variants, rs3760775 (P = 1.2 x 10-23) and rs78060698 (P = 8.3 x 10-17) in FUT6 to be associated with circulating B12 concentrations. (PMID:28334792)
  • data suggest that both FUT5 and FUT6 can promote the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, which is regulated by miR-125a-3p. miR-125a-3p may serve as a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in CRC treatment. (PMID:28771224)
  • we identified a novel association of a common loss-of-function, missense variant in Fucosyltransferase 6 (FUT6; rs17855739,p.Glu274Lys, P = 9.02 x 10-24) with higher soluble E-selectin levels. This variant is considerably more common in populations of African ancestry compared to non-African ancestry populations. (PMID:30307499)
  • findings indicated that HOTAIR/miR-326/FUT6 axis mediated colorectal cancer (CRC) procession through alpha1, 3-fucosylated CD44 via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This work rendered new therapeutic targets for CRC. (PMID:30742932)
  • Overexpressed N-fucosylation on cell surface promotes the migration and invasion of metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. Overexpressed N-fucosylation is driven by gene FUT3, 5, and 6 in metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. (PMID:30808544)
  • Using Eukaryotic Expression Systems to Generate Human alpha1,3-Fucosyltransferases That Effectively Create Selectin-Binding Glycans on Stem Cells. (PMID:32901486)
  • FUT6 deficiency compromises basophil function by selectively abrogating their sialyl-Lewis x expression. (PMID:34215830)
  • FUT6 inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EGF-induced EMT of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by regulating EGFR/ERK/STAT signaling pathway. (PMID:36151332)
  • Correlation of FUT3 and FUT6 Gene Polymorphisms With Helicobacter pylori Infection. (PMID:39108208)
  • FUT6 Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Esophageal Carcinoma Cells via the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway. (PMID:39375968)

Cross-species orthologs

22 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriofut9b.3ENSDARG00000027699
danio_reriofut9dENSDARG00000028098
danio_reriofut7ENSDARG00000044775
danio_reriofut9b.2ENSDARG00000058299
danio_reriofut9b.1ENSDARG00000067524
danio_reriofut9b.4ENSDARG00000086603
danio_rerioENSDARG00000100247
danio_reriofut9b.5ENSDARG00000102426
danio_reriofut9b.6ENSDARG00000102554
drosophila_melanogasterFucTDFBGN0035217
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00001505
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00001507
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00004010
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00006402
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00007211
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00012922
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00016163
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00017343
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00043986
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00044383
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00194870
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00206359

Paralogs (7): FUT5 (ENSG00000130383), FUT3 (ENSG00000171124), FUT9 (ENSG00000172461), POFUT3 (ENSG00000172728), FUT7 (ENSG00000180549), FUT4 (ENSG00000196371), POFUT4 (ENSG00000196968)

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

OrganismUniProtIdentityMethod
Pan troglodytesQ659L0100.0%Diamond
Mus musculusO8881999.4%Diamond
Canis lupus familiarisQ659L199.4%Diamond
Rattus norvegicusQ99JB399.2%Diamond
Cricetulus griseusQ9JIG198.9%Diamond
Bos taurusQ8HZR297.8%Diamond
Gorilla gorilla gorillaQ8HYJ696.9%Diamond
Hylobates larQ8HYJ396.5%Diamond
Pongo pygmaeusQ8HYJ496.3%Diamond
Oryzias latipesQ5F2N284.7%Diamond
Takifugu rubripesQ70AG884.7%Diamond
Xenopus tropicalisQ6A1G384.4%Diamond
Xenopus laevisQ6NTZ684.3%Diamond
Arabidopsis thalianaQ9FX9777.4%Diamond
Gallus gallusQ8AWC774.2%Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

SymbolTypeEntrez
NDUFA11protein-coding126328
FUT3protein-coding2525
FUT5protein-coding2527
NRTNprotein-coding4902
PRR22protein-coding163154
DUS3Lprotein-coding56931
CATSPERDprotein-coding257062
VMACprotein-coding400673

Protein

Protein identifiers

4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT6 — P51993 (reviewed: P51993)

Alternative names: Fucosyltransferase 6, Fucosyltransferase VI, Galactoside 3-L-fucosyltransferase

All UniProt accessions (5): E9PJ18, E9PJB4, E9PP56, E9PS22, P51993

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalyzes the transfer of L-fucose, from a guanosine diphosphate-beta-L-fucose, to the N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) of a distal alpha2,3 sialylated lactosamine unit of a glycoprotein- or a glycolipid-linked sialopolylactosamines chain or of a distal or internal lactosamine unit of a neutral glycoprotein- or a glycolipid-linked polylactosamines chain through an alpha-1,3 glycosidic linkage and participates in surface expression of the sialyl Lewis X (sLe(x)), Lewis X (Le(x)) and non sialylated VIM2 determinants. Moreover transfers fucose to H-type 2 (Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-4GlcNAc) chain acceptor substrates and participates in difucosylated sialyl Lewis x determinants. Also fucosylates a polylactosamine substrate having a 6 sulfate modification at the GlcNAc moiety and gives rise to sialyl and non-sialyl 6-sulfo lewis X. Does not have activity towards type 1 ((Galbeta1-3GlcNAc)) and H-type 1 chain (Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-3GlcNAc) acceptors substrates. Does not have alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase activity.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer and monomer. Monomer (secreted form).

Subcellular location. Golgi apparatus. Golgi stack membrane. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Kidney, liver, colon, small intestine, bladder, uterus and salivary gland.

Post-translational modifications. N-glycosylated. Proteolytic cleavage releases a secreted glycoform of 43 kDa.

Pathway. Protein modification; protein glycosylation.

Polymorphism. Expression of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase in plasma can vary among different populations. 9% of individuals on the isle of Java (Indonesia) do not express this enzyme. Ninety-five percent of plasma alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase-deficient individuals have Lewis negative phenotype on red cells, suggesting strong linkage disequilibrium between these two traits. Variations in FUT6 are responsible for plasma alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase deficiency [MIM:613852].

Similarity. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 10 family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
P51993-11yes
P51993-22

RefSeq proteins (10): NP_000141, NP_001035791, NP_001356431, NP_001356433, NP_001356434, NP_001368884, NP_001368885, NP_001368886, NP_001368887, NP_001368888 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001503Glyco_trans_10Family
IPR031481Glyco_tran_10_NDomain
IPR038577GT10-like_C_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR055270Glyco_tran_10_CDomain

Pfam: PF00852, PF17039

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

  • EC 2.4.1.152 — 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase (BRENDA: 24 organisms, 171 substrates, 55 inhibitors, 103 Km, 24 kcat entries)
  • EC 2.4.1.65 — 3-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 4-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase (BRENDA: 16 organisms, 191 substrates, 64 inhibitors, 119 Km, 15 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

105 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

SubstrateKm (mM)Measurements
GDP-FUCOSE0.03–0.24419
GDP-BETA-L-FUCOSE0.0001–1.1218
N-ACETYLLACTOSAMINE0.0026–0.619
GDP-L-FUCOSE0.005–0.0358
D-LACTOSE72–5436
GAL-BETA-1,4-GLCNAC-O-(CH2)8CO2CH30.17–2.26
GDP-FUCOSE0.0016–0.065
GDP-L-FUCOSE0.0055–0.0625
FUCALPHA(1,2)GALBETA(1,3)GLCNAC0.1–3.85
FUCALPHA(1,2)GALBETA(1,4)GLCNAC0.7–3.94
GALBETA1,4GLCNAC-O(CH2)8CO2CH30.37–1.74
FUC-ALPHA-1,2GAL-BETA-1,3GLCNAC-SP-BIOTIN0.2–2.54
GAL-BETA-1,3-GLCNAC-O-(CH2)8CO2CH38.4–22.74
GAL-BETA-1,3GLCNACO(CH2)3NHCO(CH2)5NH-BIOTIN0.7–3.34
GALBETA(1,4)GLCNAC1.4–233

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

  • a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:14257)
  • a neolactoside VI(3)-alpha-NeuNAc-nLc6Cer + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a neolactoside VI(3)-alpha-NeuAc,V(3)-alphaFuc-nLc6Cer + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:48356)
  • a neolactoside nLc6Cer + GDP-beta-L-fucose = beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1’)-ceramide + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:48364)
  • a neolactoside nLc6Cer + GDP-beta-L-fucose = beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1’)-Cer + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:48368)
  • an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + GDP-beta-L-fucose = an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:52864)
  • an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP-beta-L-fucose = an alpha-Neu5Ac-(2->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:56076)
  • beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + GDP-beta-L-fucose = beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:62824)
  • N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine + GDP-beta-L-fucose = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:62836)
  • lactose + GDP-beta-L-fucose = beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-D-glucose + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:62888)
  • alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-D-Glc + GDP-beta-L-fucose = alpha-L-Fuc-(1->2)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Fuc-(1->3)]-D-Glc + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:64016)
  • a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-6-sulfooxy-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-6-sulfooxy-glucosaminyl derivative + GDP + H(+) (RHEA:64032)

UniProt features (19 total): sequence variant 5, mutagenesis site 4, glycosylation site 4, topological domain 2, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, region of interest 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P51993-F189.810.79

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Transferases, Metabolic proteins, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted secreted proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): golgi apparatus

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH approved · IF supported

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Glycosylation sites (4)

TypePositions
N-linked (glcnac…) asparagine46, 91, 153, 184

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (4)

PositionPhenotype
73loss of site-specific fucosylation leading to generation of approximately equal amounts of vim2 and sialyl-lewis x. reverse the …
110reduces dramatically alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase activity towards type 2 chain acceptors. loss of site-specific fucosylation leading to …
111reverse the site-specific fucosylation pattern leading to generation of vim2 predominantly instead of sialyl-lewis x; when associated with …
112reverse the site-specific fucosylation pattern leading to generation of vim2 predominantly instead of sialyl-lewis x; when associated with …

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 curated (TAS) of 4; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

4 pathways:

IDPathwayEvidence
R-HSA-9037629Lewis blood group biosynthesiscurated
R-HSA-9033658Blood group systems biosynthesis—
R-HSA-1430728Metabolism—
R-HSA-71387Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives—

MSigDB gene sets: 126 (showing top): GOBP_OLIGOSACCHARIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, MORF_FLT1, MORF_MSH3, GOBP_GLYCOLIPID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PROTEIN_N_LINKED_GLYCOSYLATION, GOBP_MONOSACCHARIDE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, MORF_ESR1, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_SPHINGOLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_AMIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, ODONNELL_TARGETS_OF_MYC_AND_TFRC_UP, WAGNER_APO2_SENSITIVITY, GOBP_GLYCOSPHINGOLIPID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (10): protein N-linked glycosylation (GO:0006487), protein O-linked glycosylation (GO:0006493), ceramide metabolic process (GO:0006672), glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process (GO:0006688), glycoprotein biosynthetic process (GO:0009101), oligosaccharide biosynthetic process (GO:0009312), protein O-linked glycosylation via fucose (GO:0036066), L-fucose catabolic process (GO:0042355), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), sphingolipid metabolic process (GO:0006665)

GO Molecular Function (5): fucosyltransferase activity (GO:0008417), 4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activity (GO:0017083), alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity (GO:0046920), transferase activity (GO:0016740), glycosyltransferase activity (GO:0016757)

GO Cellular Component (6): Golgi membrane (GO:0000139), extracellular region (GO:0005576), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), Golgi cisterna membrane (GO:0032580), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

3 top-level categories:

CategoryPathways
Blood group systems biosynthesis1
Metabolism1
Metabolism of carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives1

GO top-level categories

29 GO namespaces:

CategoryTerms
glycoprotein biosynthetic process2
cellular anatomical structure2
sphingolipid metabolic process1
glycosphingolipid metabolic process1
glycolipid biosynthetic process1
sphingolipid biosynthetic process1
macromolecule biosynthetic process1
glycoprotein metabolic process1
carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process1
oligosaccharide metabolic process1
carbohydrate biosynthetic process1
protein O-linked glycosylation1
hexose catabolic process1
L-fucose metabolic process1
primary metabolic process1
lipid metabolic process1
hexosyltransferase activity1
alpha-(1->3)-fucosyltransferase activity1
fucosyltransferase activity1
catalytic activity1
transferase activity1
Golgi apparatus1
bounding membrane of organelle1
cytoplasm1
endomembrane system1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
organelle membrane1
Golgi cisterna1
extracellular vesicle1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 10 of 22 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

10 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO termNSEvidence
ceramide metabolic processBPdirect assay
glycosphingolipid biosynthetic processBPdirect assay
protein N-linked glycosylationBPdirect assay
protein O-linked glycosylationBPdirect assay
protein O-linked glycosylation via fucoseBPdirect assay
Golgi apparatusCCdirect assay
extracellular exosomeCChigh-throughput assay
extracellular regionCCdirect assay
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase activityMFdirect assay
fucosyltransferase activityMFdirect assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 520 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
FUT6FUT1P19526896
FUT6FUT2Q10981870
FUT6B4GALT1P15291847
FUT6FUT8Q9BYC5761
FUT6SELEP16111678
FUT6B4GALNT2Q8NHY0613
FUT6SELPP16109610
FUT6ST3GAL3Q11203576
FUT6ORM2P19652558
FUT6ORM1P02763553
FUT6ST3GAL4Q11206548
FUT6ST6GAL1P15907535
FUT6MGAT5Q09328533
FUT6POFUT1Q9H488513
FUT6ST3GAL1Q11201494

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for FUT6: 102 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 46 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

102 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance85
Likely benign13
Benign2

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 19 predictions of 473):

Position(s)EffectΔscoreSites
19:5832587acceptor_gain0.9900
19:5832580–5832581acceptor_loss0.97006
19:5838185donor_gain0.9500
19:5839172donor_gain0.9100
19:5838186donor_gain0.9000
19:5838675–5838676donor_loss0.87005
19:5832469acceptor_gain0.8600
19:5839311donor_gain0.8500
19:5839525donor_gain0.8500
19:5838675donor_loss0.8300

AlphaMissense

692 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 2,345 scored), across 167 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

ResidueLikely-pathogenic substitutionsMean am_pathogenicityMax am_pathogenicity
F24280.9410.996
N24880.9350.982
F28980.9180.993
F24680.9020.940
F15280.8680.978
F31980.8660.945
H29180.8340.945
D25380.8330.910
H10880.8200.922
F29570.9540.988
K25870.9500.977
W26070.9490.984
E24770.9480.992
W32170.9470.986
C33770.9450.974
C9070.9400.981
F35870.9350.985
C34070.9280.960
F7170.9180.982
E13770.9170.967

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

4 prognostic cancer types:

CancerPrognosticp-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)favorable3.62e-09
Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)favorable1.08e-05
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (validation)favorable0.000218
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)favorable0.000321

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:136836 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

1 curated gene-disease records:

DiseaseClassificationInheritanceRecords
fucosyltransferase 6 deficiencyNo Known Disease RelationshipAutosomal recessive

Mondo (1): fucosyltransferase 6 deficiency (MONDO:0013462)

GWAS associations

showing 30 of 46 associations:

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001808_5Tumor biomarkers3e-290
GCST009648_1Serum cancer antigen 19.9 levels2e-179
GCST001808_3Tumor biomarkers5e-132
GCST001808_4Tumor biomarkers2e-56
GCST001808_1Tumor biomarkers1e-35
GCST005046_10N-glycan levels3e-29
GCST90011899_76Aspartate aminotransferase levels8e-24
GCST004161_1Vitamin B12 levels1e-23
GCST005046_9N-glycan levels1e-21
GCST005046_12N-glycan levels3e-20
GCST007209_7Gallstone disease7e-20
GCST005046_11N-glycan levels5e-19
GCST002485_6Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels8e-19
GCST000925_3N-glycan levels4e-17
GCST005046_8N-glycan levels9e-17
GCST005046_29N-glycan levels1e-16
GCST009650_3Serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels5e-16
GCST90013407_149Liver enzyme levels (gamma-glutamyl transferase)7e-16
GCST004861_29Itch intensity from mosquito bite9e-16
GCST90013406_275Liver enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase)1e-15
GCST003219_45Advanced age-related macular degeneration2e-15
GCST004161_4Vitamin B12 levels6e-15
GCST011369_36Iron status biomarkers (ferritin levels)2e-14
GCST005046_39N-glycan levels3e-14
GCST90002380_109Basophil percentage of white cells1e-13
GCST004925_7IgG N-glycosylation phenotypes (multivariate analysis)2e-13
GCST005046_30N-glycan levels2e-13
GCST90002379_91Basophil count2e-13
GCST90011900_156Serum alkaline phosphatase levels2e-13
GCST001424_6Vitamin B12 levels4e-13

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

16 canonical traits:

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004999N-glycan measurement
EFO:0004620vitamin B12 measurement
EFO:0005127cancer biomarker measurement
EFO:0005760serum carcinoembryonic antigen measurement
EFO:1001492atrophic macular degeneration
EFO:0005090basophil count
EFO:0007992basophil percentage of leukocytes
EFO:0007995basophil percentage of granulocytes
EFO:0008377mosquito bite reaction itch intensity measurement
EFO:0008378mosquito bite reaction size measurement
EFO:0005193serum IgG glycosylation measurement
EFO:0010584cancer antigen 19.9 measurement
EFO:0004459ferritin measurement
EFO:0004736aspartate aminotransferase measurement
EFO:0004533alkaline phosphatase measurement
EFO:0004532serum gamma-glutamyl transferase measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4443 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

8 measured of 8 human assays (9 total across all organisms); most potent 8 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

LigandMeasureValue
CHEMBL6190956IC50610 nM
CHEMBL610389IC501390 nM
CHEMBL610391IC501620 nM
CHEMBL610390IC501890 nM
CHEMBL611881IC503340 nM
CHEMBL608046IC503960 nM
Gallic Acid, FIC5014000 nM
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-o-gallateIC5058000 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

11 potent at pChembl≥5 of 12 total, top 11 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
6.42Ki376nMCHEMBL610389
6.36Ki437nMCHEMBL610391
6.29Ki511nMCHEMBL610390
6.21IC50610nMCHEMBL6190956
6.04Ki901nMCHEMBL611881
5.97Ki1069nMCHEMBL608046
5.86IC501394nMCHEMBL610389
5.79IC501618nMCHEMBL610391
5.72IC501893nMCHEMBL610390
5.48IC503338nMCHEMBL611881
5.40IC503957nMCHEMBL608046

PubChem BioAssay actives

12 with measured affinity, of 15 total; 7 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
[[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [1-[5-(1,2-diphenylethylamino)-5-oxopentyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate72095: Compound was tested for binding affinity against Fucosyltransferase 6ki0.3760uM
[[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [1-[2-(1,2-diphenylethylamino)-2-oxoethyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate72095: Compound was tested for binding affinity against Fucosyltransferase 6ki0.4370uM
[[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [1-[5-[(9,10-dioxo-4a,9a-dihydroanthracen-2-yl)amino]-5-oxopentyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate72095: Compound was tested for binding affinity against Fucosyltransferase 6ki0.5110uM
[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [1-[5-oxo-5-[(4-phenylphenyl)methylamino]pentyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate2276595: Inhibition of human FUT6ic500.6100uM
[[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [1-[3-(naphthalen-1-ylmethylamino)-3-oxopropyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate72095: Compound was tested for binding affinity against Fucosyltransferase 6ki0.9010uM
[[(2R,3S,4R)-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [1-[4-(1,2-diphenylethylamino)-4-oxobutyl]triazol-4-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate72095: Compound was tested for binding affinity against Fucosyltransferase 6ki1.0690uM
[(2R,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate1799773: SPA Assay from Article 10.1016/j.abb.2004.02.039: “Inhibition of fucosyltransferase VII by gallic acid and its derivatives.”ic501.8000uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

23 total (human), top 23 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation, decreases expression2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxinincreases expression2
Valproic Aciddecreases expression, increases methylation2
OTX015decreases expression1
mivebresibdecreases expression1
methyleugenoldecreases expression1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphateaffects expression1
ochratoxin Adecreases expression1
ICG 001increases expression1
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxideincreases expression1
Acetaminophendecreases expression1
N-Nitrosopyrrolidinedecreases expression1
Quercetindecreases expression1
Smokedecreases expression1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionaffects expression1
Urethanedecreases expression1
Cyclosporinedecreases expression1
Sodium Selenitedecreases expression1
Antirheumatic Agentsincreases expression1
Okadaic Aciddecreases expression1
Acrylamideincreases expression1
Particulate Matterdecreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

6 unique, capped per target: 6 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL3598447BindingInhibition of FucT-6 (unknown origin)Beyond substrate analogues: new inhibitor chemotypes for glycosyltransferases — *Medchemcomm*

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for FUT6 across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.