G0S2

gene
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Summary

G0S2 (G0/G1 switch 2, HGNC:30229) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q32.2, encoding G0/G1 switch protein 2 (P27469). Promotes apoptosis by binding to BCL2, hence preventing the formation of protective BCL2-BAX heterodimers.

Involved in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. Located in mitochondrion.

Source: NCBI Gene 50486 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 11 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_015714

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:30229
Approved symbolG0S2
NameG0/G1 switch 2
Location1q32.2
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
Ensembl geneENSG00000123689
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM614447
Entrez50486

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 4 protein_coding

ENST00000367029, ENST00000891678, ENST00000891679, ENST00000959384

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_015714 NM_015714

CCDS: CCDS1488

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000367029 — 2 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001010307209675412209675549
ENSE00001443289209675653209676390

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 277 present calls, max score 99.65.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 232.9790 / max 39342.2718, expressed in 1294 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
8338227.61981288
83421.6548290
83441.0139220
83450.7462201
83430.6853172
83400.6311175
83410.3472129
83390.2808104

Top tissues by expression

291 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
vena cavaUBERON:000408799.65gold quality
synovial jointUBERON:000221799.53gold quality
periodontal ligamentUBERON:000826699.53gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachiiUBERON:000450299.22gold quality
adipose tissueUBERON:000101399.12gold quality
pericardiumUBERON:000240799.11gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal regionUBERON:000780899.04gold quality
omental fat padUBERON:001041498.99gold quality
peritoneumUBERON:000235898.96gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissueUBERON:000219098.87gold quality
cartilage tissueUBERON:000241898.84gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209898.68gold quality
connective tissueUBERON:000238498.65gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111498.21gold quality
triceps brachiiUBERON:000150998.11gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominisUBERON:000451198.09gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582598.03gold quality
vastus lateralisUBERON:000137997.99gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123497.91gold quality
renal medullaUBERON:000036297.75gold quality
diaphragmUBERON:000110397.72gold quality
adrenal cortexUBERON:000123597.72gold quality
quadriceps femorisUBERON:000137797.40gold quality
biceps brachiiUBERON:000150797.29gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123397.24gold quality
body of tongueUBERON:001187697.24gold quality
skeletal muscle tissueUBERON:000113497.12gold quality
cardiac atriumUBERON:000208196.95gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663196.93gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208496.86gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 15 experiment(s), a significant marker in 13.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6678yes10391.48
E-MTAB-9221yes9362.11
E-MTAB-9801yes8544.06
E-HCAD-4yes198.40
E-MTAB-8142yes89.74
E-HCAD-1yes85.26
E-MTAB-9467yes37.45
E-CURD-46yes31.86
E-HCAD-10yes22.50
E-CURD-114yes20.20
E-MTAB-6701yes19.01
E-MTAB-10553yes5.31
E-MTAB-8559no1739.29
E-MTAB-7381no1104.09
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NCOR1, NFKB, PPARA, RARA, RELA

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

51 targeting G0S2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-548AW99.9972.573559
HSA-MIR-223-3P99.9970.141140
HSA-MIR-3667-3P99.9967.171636
HSA-MIR-1213699.9872.815713
HSA-MIR-19A-3P99.9875.332762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P99.9875.442754
HSA-MIR-480399.9871.993117
HSA-MIR-60799.9773.625593
HSA-MIR-1468-3P99.9672.743797
HSA-MIR-545-3P99.9570.742783
HSA-MIR-128-3P99.9571.172484
HSA-MIR-216A-3P99.9571.192505
HSA-MIR-205-3P99.9269.923165
HSA-MIR-497-5P99.9271.832674
HSA-MIR-454-3P99.9174.011925
HSA-MIR-366699.9073.241833
HSA-MIR-130A-3P99.9073.311861
HSA-MIR-130B-3P99.9073.271850
HSA-MIR-301A-3P99.9073.151839
HSA-MIR-301B-3P99.9073.191836
HSA-MIR-429599.9073.111838
HSA-MIR-15A-5P99.9072.802787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P99.9072.782798
HSA-MIR-16-5P99.9072.802780
HSA-MIR-195-5P99.9072.812805
HSA-MIR-548E-5P99.8972.734486
HSA-MIR-6838-5P99.8971.942690
HSA-MIR-424-5P99.8971.902641
HSA-MIR-3681-3P99.8870.462254
HSA-MIR-469899.8471.414303

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 27)

  • A novel putative target gene of PPARalpha, G0S2 (G0/G1 switch gene 2) was identified and characterized. (PMID:16086669)
  • G0S2 is an all-trans-retinoic acid target gene (PMID:18636162)
  • G0S2 encodes a mitochondrial protein that specifically interacts with Bcl-2 and promotes apoptosis by preventing the formation of protective Bcl-2/Bax heterodimers (PMID:19706769)
  • DNA methylation of G0S2 can be an important biomarker for squamous lung cancer. (PMID:19816938)
  • mRNA expression of G0S2 was regulated mainly by DNA methylation in squamous lung cancer cell lines. (PMID:19878646)
  • findings are compatible with the notion that the ATGL-G0S2 complex is an important long-term regulator of lipolysis under physiological conditions such as fasting in humans (PMID:21613358)
  • Reduced mRNA and protein content of Plin and G0S2 and borderline increased ATGL protein in sc adipose tissue from poorly controlled type 2 diabetic subjects. (PMID:22535977)
  • Gene expression profiles showed that G0/G1 switch 2 was up-regulated in epidermolysis bullosa subtypes. (PMID:22716248)
  • Data indicate that downregulation of G0S2 in adipose tissue could represent one of the underlying causes leading to increased lipolysis in the insulin-resistant state. (PMID:22891293)
  • This linked G0S2 subcellular localization to G0S2 transcriptional repression. The potential mechanisms responsible for this G0S2 repression are examined. (PMID:23546556)
  • reelin expression is altered by Abeta leading to impaired reelin signaling. (PMID:23951308)
  • A new mechanism that controls proliferation in K562 cells, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor function for G0S2 in leukemia cells. (PMID:24183236)
  • Data indicate that the peptide corresponding to residues Lys-20 to Ala-52 from G0S2 Inhibits ATGL in the nanomolar range. (PMID:25258314)
  • Results indicate that G0S2 acts as a prosurvival molecule in endothelial cells. (PMID:25588877)
  • Data indicate that a tumor suppressor mechanism by which G0/G1 switch gene 2 product (G0S2) directly inhibits activity of a key intracellular adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). (PMID:26318046)
  • differences in G0S2 expression may explain depot-specific and obesity-associated differences in lipolysis on the molecular level (PMID:26707160)
  • PML/RARalpha synergizes with C/EBPepsilon to reactivate the C/EBPepsilon target G0S2, thereby contributing to All-trans retinoic acid -mediated acute promyelocytic leukemia differentiation and potentially, clinical remission. (PMID:27605212)
  • G0S2 functions as a master regulator of tissue-specific balance of TG storage vs. mobilization, partitioning of metabolic fuels between adipose and liver, and the whole-body adaptive energy response. (PMID:28645852)
  • ER+ breast cancer cells with restored G0S2 expression had a relative increased sensitivity to tamoxifen (PMID:28910567)
  • Palmitate can induce lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by activating C/EBPbeta-mediated G0S2 expression. (PMID:29209111)
  • G0S2 hypermethylation is a hallmark of rapidly recurrent or fatal ACC, amenable to targeted assessment using routine molecular diagnostics. Assessing G0S2 methylation is straightforward, feasible for clinical decision-making, and will enable the direction of efficacious adjuvant therapies for patients with aggressive ACC. (PMID:30770352)
  • In addition to its role as a lipolytic inhibitor, G0S2 is capable of directly promoting TG synthesis by acting as a lipid-synthesizing enzyme. (PMID:30802154)
  • We conclude that the RNF126/BAG6 complex contributes to G0S2 degradation and that interventions to prevent G0S2 degradation may offer a therapeutic strategy for managing ischemic diseases. (PMID:31371451)
  • An epigenome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in US veterans implicates several new DNA methylation loci. (PMID:32171335)
  • Low G0S2 gene expression levels in peripheral blood may be a genetic marker of acute myocardial infarction in patients with stable coronary atherosclerotic disease: A retrospective clinical study. (PMID:33545927)
  • Gastric Cancer Growth Modulated by circSNTB2/miR-6938-5p/G0S2 and PDCD4. (PMID:36366842)
  • Loss of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) promotes disease progression and drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) by disrupting glycerophospholipid metabolism. (PMID:36536477)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriog0s2ENSDARG00000078859
mus_musculusG0s2ENSMUSG00000009633
rattus_norvegicusG0s2ENSRNOG00000006019

Protein

Protein identifiers

G0/G1 switch protein 2P27469 (reviewed: P27469)

Alternative names: G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 2, Putative lymphocyte G0/G1 switch gene

All UniProt accessions (1): P27469

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Promotes apoptosis by binding to BCL2, hence preventing the formation of protective BCL2-BAX heterodimers.

Subunit / interactions. Directly interacts with BCL2; this interaction prevents the formation of the anti-apoptotic BAX-BCL2 complex.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed with highest levels in peripheral blood, skeletal muscle and heart, followed by kidney and liver.

Induction. Induced by TNF through the activation of the NFKB pathway.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_056529* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR016821G0S2Family

Pfam: PF15103

UniProt features (16 total): mutagenesis site 14, chain 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P27469-F176.600.23

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (14):

PositionPhenotype
50reduced bcl2-binding; when associated with a-51.
51reduced bcl2-binding; when associated with a-50.
54reduced bcl2-binding; when associated with a-55.
55reduced bcl2-binding; when associated with a-54.
57reduced bcl2-binding and reduced pro-apoptotic activity; when associated with a-58. no effect on mitochondrial localizat
58reduced bcl2-binding and reduced pro-apoptotic activity; when associated with a-57. no effect on mitochondrial localizat
35no effect on bcl2-binding; when associated with a-36.
36no effect on bcl2-binding; when associated with a-35.
38no effect on bcl2-binding; when associated with a-39.
39no effect on bcl2-binding; when associated with a-38.
43no effect on bcl2-binding; when associated with a-44.
44no effect on bcl2-binding; when associated with a-43.
45no effect on bcl2-binding; when associated with a-46.
46no effect on bcl2-binding; when associated with a-45.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-1989781PPARA activates gene expression

MSigDB gene sets: 361 (showing top): TONKS_TARGETS_OF_RUNX1_RUNX1T1_FUSION_MONOCYTE_UP, TSUNODA_CISPLATIN_RESISTANCE_UP, MCLACHLAN_DENTAL_CARIES_UP, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, MCBRYAN_PUBERTAL_TGFB1_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_EXTRINSIC_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, KANNAN_TP53_TARGETS_DN, ZHAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_CD1_UP, COUP_01, BILD_HRAS_ONCOGENIC_SIGNATURE, CEBP_Q2, GOBP_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, RHEIN_ALL_GLUCOCORTICOID_THERAPY_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_EXTRINSIC_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY

GO Biological Process (4): extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:0097191), positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis (GO:0120162), positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001238), apoptotic process (GO:0006915)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), lipid droplet (GO:0005811)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARalpha1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
apoptotic signaling pathway2
cell surface receptor signaling pathway1
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process1
cold-induced thermogenesis1
regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis1
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway1
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway1
regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway1
programmed cell death1
execution phase of apoptosis1
binding1
cytoplasm1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
intracellular membraneless organelle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1082 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
G0S2PNPLA2Q96AD5886
G0S2ABHD5Q8WTS1736
G0S2BCL2P10415732
G0S2LIPEQ05469589
G0S2CIDECQ96AQ7531
G0S2PLIN1O60240529
G0S2HILPDAQ9Y5L2525
G0S2MGLLQ99685487
G0S2NUCLEOLINP19338449
G0S2PLIN2Q99541443
G0S2GADD45GO95257436
G0S2FITM1A5D6W6419
G0S2VNN1O95497414
G0S2LY6DQ14210409
G0S2PCTPQ9UKL6408

IntAct

10 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
BCL2L2G0S2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
BCL2L1G0S2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
G0S2BCL2L2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
G0S2BCL2L1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
G0S2RPL30psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
G0S2OIP5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
G0S2UGT8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (22): PNPLA2 (Affinity Capture-Western), BCL2L2 (Two-hybrid), BCL2L1 (Two-hybrid), G0S2 (Phenotypic Suppression), G0S2 (Biochemical Activity), MTHFR (Affinity Capture-MS), OIP5 (Affinity Capture-MS), RNF20 (Affinity Capture-MS), SUSD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PNPLA2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MIS18A (Affinity Capture-MS), USP16 (Affinity Capture-MS), FERMT2 (Affinity Capture-MS), NEBL (Affinity Capture-MS), ANKRD54 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1B0GUI7, A0A1D8PTI7, A0A1L8H579, A0A1L8HCK2, A0A1W2PPG7, A1DL98, A1X8D9, A6NF36, P0DMK0, P0DUP1, P20290, P24051, P27469, P31790, P33716, P36826, P55833, P57076, P68968, P68969, P82014, Q28GG3, Q28HY7, Q2U6N1, Q3KPU7, Q3T0B7, Q4V853, Q58CS6, Q5RA87, Q5RGZ1, Q5U3Z0, Q5XIC3, Q5YKI7, Q63603, Q64152, Q66KZ1, Q6AX78, Q6DRC3, Q6PK57, Q6ZWY3

Diamond homologs: P27469, Q5M840, Q61585

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

11 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance9
Likely benign2
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

70 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
1:209675545:CTAAG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
1:209675546:TAAGG:Tdonor_loss1.0000
1:209675548:AGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
1:209675549:GGTAG:Gdonor_loss1.0000
1:209675648:TGCA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
1:209675649:GCA:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
1:209675651:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
1:209675651:A:ATacceptor_loss1.0000
1:209675652:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
1:209675652:G:GTacceptor_loss1.0000
1:209675652:GGTC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
1:209675550:GT:Gdonor_loss0.9900
1:209675651:AG:Aacceptor_gain0.9900
1:209675652:GG:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
1:209675652:GGT:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
1:209675652:GGTCA:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
1:209675550:G:Tdonor_gain0.9800
1:209675648:T:Aacceptor_gain0.9800
1:209675639:T:Aacceptor_gain0.9700
1:209675545:C:CGdonor_gain0.9500
1:209675550:G:GGdonor_gain0.9100
1:209675545:C:Gdonor_gain0.8600
1:209675475:C:Adonor_gain0.8000
1:209675541:GCCAC:Gdonor_gain0.7500
1:209675548:AG:Adonor_gain0.7300
1:209675549:GG:Gdonor_gain0.7300
1:209675636:T:Aacceptor_gain0.6900
1:209675759:GCT:Gdonor_gain0.6200
1:209675648:TGCAG:Tacceptor_gain0.5900
1:209675649:GCAGG:Gacceptor_gain0.5900

AlphaMissense

653 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
1:209675775:A:CS31R0.983
1:209675777:C:AS31R0.983
1:209675777:C:GS31R0.983
1:209675794:G:AG37D0.964
1:209675772:G:CG30R0.955
1:209675773:G:AG30D0.950
1:209675785:C:AA34D0.949
1:209675793:G:CG37R0.946
1:209675782:T:GL33R0.896
1:209675763:T:GY27D0.882
1:209675716:C:AA11D0.879
1:209675809:T:CL42P0.861
1:209675788:T:GL35R0.848
1:209675707:T:CI8T0.835
1:209675767:T:AV28E0.831
1:209675782:T:AL33Q0.831
1:209675809:T:GL42R0.831
1:209675788:T:AL35H0.823
1:209675805:G:CG41R0.823
1:209675779:T:AV32E0.784
1:209675704:T:CL7P0.782
1:209675823:T:CC47R0.781
1:209675797:T:AV38E0.770
1:209675763:T:AY27N0.765
1:209675803:T:AL40H0.762
1:209675800:T:AV39E0.759
1:209675809:T:AL42Q0.759
1:209675776:G:AS31N0.751
1:209675821:T:AV46E0.751
1:209675759:G:CK25N0.742

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000897849 (1:209674777 A>G), RS1001206405 (1:209676423 G>A), RS1001703605 (1:209676732 C>A,T), RS1001861463 (1:209674961 C>T), RS1002313207 (1:209675450 G>T), RS1002503624 (1:209674702 TCTCTCTCTCA>T), RS1002667384 (1:209675326 G>A), RS1005097335 (1:209676835 G>A), RS1005935004 (1:209673871 G>C,T), RS1005971284 (1:209673814 T>C), RS1006400046 (1:209674127 C>T), RS1007168529 (1:209674737 C>A,T), RS1007614218 (1:209675520 G>A), RS1008779613 (1:209675502 C>T), RS1008832034 (1:209675739 C>G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:614447 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

114 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
bisphenol Aaffects expression, decreases expression, increases expression6
Valproic Acidaffects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression6
Air Pollutantsaffects expression, increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression5
Benzo(a)pyreneincreases expression, increases methylation, decreases expression4
Estradiolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression4
Tretinoinincreases expression4
Particulate Matterdecreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression4
arseniteincreases reaction, decreases expression, increases methylation, affects binding3
sodium arsenitedecreases expression, increases expression, affects acetylation, affects methylation3
monomethylarsonous acidaffects acetylation, affects methylation, decreases expression, increases methylation3
Cadmiumincreases expression, increases methylation, decreases expression3
Diethylstilbestrolincreases expression, decreases expression3
Formaldehydedecreases expression, increases expression3
Progesteroneincreases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression, decreases reaction3
Silicon Dioxideincreases expression3
Smokeincreases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression3
Cyclosporinedecreases expression, increases expression3
Aflatoxin B1affects expression, decreases expression3
Genisteinaffects expression, increases expression3
perfluorooctanoic acidaffects expression, decreases reaction, increases expression2
perfluorooctane sulfonic aciddecreases expression, increases expression2
bisphenol Sincreases expression2
Rosiglitazonedecreases expression, increases expression2
Acetaminophendecreases expression2
Calcitriolincreases expression2
Dexamethasoneincreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Lipopolysaccharidesaffects response to substance, increases expression2
Oxygendecreases expression, decreases reaction2
Phenylmercuric Acetateaffects cotreatment, increases expression2
Tamoxifenaffects cotreatment, affects reaction, increases expression, affects expression2

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.