GALNTL5

Summary

GALNTL5 (polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase like 5, HGNC:21725) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q36.1, encoding Inactive polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like protein 5 (Q7Z4T8). Probable inactive glycosyltransferase required during spermatid development.

Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity and transferase activity. Involved in spermatid development. Predicted to be located in late endosome membrane. Predicted to be active in Golgi apparatus.

Source: NCBI Gene 168391 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 4
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 91 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_145292

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:21725
Approved symbol	GALNTL5
Name	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase like 5
Location	7q36.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	GalNAc-T5L
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000106648
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	615133
Entrez	168391

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 5 nonsense_mediated_decay, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 protein_coding

ENST00000392800, ENST00000414073, ENST00000416062, ENST00000416269, ENST00000426341, ENST00000431418, ENST00000448366, ENST00000468278, ENST00000482845, ENST00000483959

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_145292 NM_145292

CCDS: CCDS5929

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000392800 — 9 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001139240	151982986	151983152
ENSE00001837391	152019646	152019929
ENSE00001920642	151956446	151956609
ENSE00002295800	151967208	151967493
ENSE00003470956	152007827	152007944
ENSE00003509814	151970945	151971065
ENSE00003534831	152002714	152002963
ENSE00003536532	151987159	151987281
ENSE00003578318	152014644	152014793

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 66 present calls, max score 99.71.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 6.0288 / max 311.4799, expressed in 619 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
35545	6.0288	619
82119	0.0716	3
82118	0.0121	3

Top tissues by expression

211 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sperm	CL:0000019	99.71	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	89.25	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	88.64	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	86.72	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	86.34	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	83.95	silver quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	79.36	silver quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	76.46	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	75.13	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	71.62	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	70.97	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	70.80	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	70.76	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	70.50	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	69.00	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	66.36	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	66.02	silver quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	64.96	silver quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	64.48	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	59.81	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	59.78	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	59.47	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	59.33	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	57.77	gold quality
forebrain	UBERON:0001890	57.63	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	56.30	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	54.34	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	54.23	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	53.93	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	53.82	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.05

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

9 targeting GALNTL5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-552-5P	99.93	68.56	1583
HSA-MIR-3609	99.52	69.89	2587
HSA-MIR-548AH-5P	99.52	69.73	2626
HSA-MIR-653-5P	99.46	67.35	1300
HSA-MIR-542-3P	99.34	67.58	1270
HSA-MIR-4504	99.10	69.14	1328
HSA-MIR-302F	98.44	69.02	1776
HSA-MIR-581	98.39	67.42	835
HSA-MIR-4781-3P	95.78	65.66	572

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• Mutation of GALNTL5 gene identified in patients diagnosed with asthenozoospermia. (PMID:30628500)

Cross-species orthologs

19 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	galnt6	ENSDARG00000014386
danio_rerio	galnt11	ENSDARG00000063636
mus_musculus	Galntl5	ENSMUSG00000028938
rattus_norvegicus	Galntl5	ENSRNOG00000040301
drosophila_melanogaster	Pgant35A	FBGN0001970
drosophila_melanogaster	Pgant7	FBGN0030930
drosophila_melanogaster	Pgant5	FBGN0031681
drosophila_melanogaster	Pgant6	FBGN0035375
drosophila_melanogaster	CG7304	FBGN0036527
drosophila_melanogaster	CG7579	FBGN0036528
drosophila_melanogaster	Pgant8	FBGN0036529
drosophila_melanogaster	Pgant9	FBGN0050463
drosophila_melanogaster	CG31776	FBGN0051776
drosophila_melanogaster	Pgant4	FBGN0051956
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001628
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001630
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001632
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001635
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001636

Paralogs (19): GALNT16 (ENSG00000100626), GALNT7 (ENSG00000109586), GALNT18 (ENSG00000110328), GALNT3 (ENSG00000115339), GALNT12 (ENSG00000119514), GALNT8 (ENSG00000130035), GALNT15 (ENSG00000131386), GALNT5 (ENSG00000136542), GALNT6 (ENSG00000139629), GALNT1 (ENSG00000141429), GALNT2 (ENSG00000143641), GALNT13 (ENSG00000144278), GALNT14 (ENSG00000158089), GALNT10 (ENSG00000164574), GALNTL6 (ENSG00000174473), GALNT11 (ENSG00000178234), GALNT9 (ENSG00000182870), GALNT17 (ENSG00000185274), GALNT4 (ENSG00000257594)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Inactive polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like protein 5 — Q7Z4T8 (reviewed: Q7Z4T8)

Alternative names: Polypeptide GalNAc transferase 15, Protein-UDP acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 15, UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 15

All UniProt accessions (2): Q7Z4T8, D3DX14

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Probable inactive glycosyltransferase required during spermatid development. May participate in protein loading into the acrosomes and accumulation of ubiquitin-proteasome systems around the head-tail coupling apparatus region.

Subcellular location. Late endosome membrane.

Tissue specificity. Mainly expressed in testis. Weakly or not expressed in other tissues.

Disease relevance. Defects in GALNTL5 have been found in a patient with primary infertility due to asthenozoospermia.

Domain organisation. There are two conserved domains in the glycosyltransferase region: the N-terminal domain (domain A, also called GT1 motif), which is probably involved in manganese coordination and substrate binding and the C-terminal domain (domain B, also called Gal/GalNAc-T motif), which is probably involved in catalytic reaction and UDP-Gal binding.

Similarity. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. GalNAc-T subfamily.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q7Z4T8-1	1	yes
Q7Z4T8-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_660335* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001173	Glyco_trans_2-like	Domain
IPR029044	Nucleotide-diphossugar_trans	Homologous_superfamily
IPR045885	GalNAc-T	Domain

Pfam: PF00535

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.4.1.41 — polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (BRENDA: 21 organisms, 537 substrates, 86 inhibitors, 206 Km, 52 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

71 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
UDP-GALNAC	0.0017–16	32
UDP-N-ACETYL-D-GALACTOSAMINE	0.008–0.081	11
PTTDSTTPAPTTK	0.042–1.02	7
GTTPSPVPTTSTTSAP	0.0259–0.344	5
MUC5AC-13	0.018–0.77	5
MUC5AC-3	0.033–0.107	5
STPSTPSTPSTPSTP	0.2–0.65	5
CPPTPSATTPAPPSSSAPPETTAA	0.01–0.48	4
DSTTPAPTTK	0.07–2.19	4
GTTPSPVPTTST[GALNAC]TSAP	0.115–0.46	4
GT[GALNAC]TPSPVPTTSTTSAP	0.035–0.332	4
UDP-GAL	0.027–0.041	4
GVVPTVVPG	1.74–17.6	3
IGA HINGE	0.01–0.02	3
IGA HINGE-4GALNAC	0.12–0.81	3

UniProt features (20 total): binding site 7, topological domain 2, disulfide bond 2, splice variant 2, sequence variant 2, region of interest 2, chain 1, glycosylation site 1, transmembrane region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q7Z4T8-F1	85.63	0.69

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (7): 229; 332; 360; 174; 204; 227; 228

Disulfide bonds (2): 124–355, 346–422

Glycosylation sites (1): 87

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-913709	O-linked glycosylation of mucins

MSigDB gene sets: 178 (showing top): GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_BRAIN_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_UP, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, SARRIO_EPITHELIAL_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION_DN, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, FOSTER_TOLERANT_MACROPHAGE_DN, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, WAGNER_APO2_SENSITIVITY, RIGGI_EWING_SARCOMA_PROGENITOR_DN, GOBP_CELLULAR_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION_IN_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM, TGACATY_UNKNOWN, GOBP_DEVELOPMENTAL_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION, MODULE_48, MODULE_95, GOBP_PROTEIN_O_LINKED_GLYCOSYLATION_VIA_N_ACETYL_GALACTOSAMINE, GOBP_PROTEIN_O_LINKED_GLYCOSYLATION

GO Biological Process (3): spermatid development (GO:0007286), spermatogenesis (GO:0007283), cell differentiation (GO:0030154)

GO Molecular Function (2): metal ion binding (GO:0046872), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (4): Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), late endosome membrane (GO:0031902), endosome (GO:0005768), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
O-linked glycosylation	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
endomembrane system	2
germ cell development	1
spermatid differentiation	1
developmental process involved in reproduction	1
male gamete generation	1
cellular developmental process	1
cation binding	1
catalytic activity	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
late endosome	1
endosome membrane	1
cytoplasmic vesicle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

790 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GALNTL5	SPATA16	Q9BXB7	544
GALNTL5	GOLGA6L7	A0A1B0GV03	507
GALNTL5	ACSBG2	Q5FVE4	492
GALNTL5	CCDC126	Q96EE4	480
GALNTL5	DNAH1	Q9P2D7	476
GALNTL5	DNAI3	Q8IWG1	469
GALNTL5	WBP2NL	Q6ICG8	468
GALNTL5	OR5AR1	Q8NGP9	465
GALNTL5	NME8	Q8N427	458
GALNTL5	LVRN	Q6Q4G3	456
GALNTL5	OR5M11	Q96RB7	456
GALNTL5	RHOU	Q7L0Q8	453
GALNTL5	OR5J2	Q8NH18	445
GALNTL5	DPY19L2	Q6NUT2	444
GALNTL5	OR2I1	Q8NGU4	434

IntAct

4 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GALNTL5	PDIA3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
GALNTL5	AHNAK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
GALNTL5	SCAP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400

BioGRID (13): GALNTL5 (Reconstituted Complex), GALNTL5 (Proximity Label-MS), GALNTL5 (Proximity Label-MS), SCAP (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL10 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), GALNTL5 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), RPL10 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), RPL10 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), MTA1 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), OCLN (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), GALNTL5 (Affinity Capture-MS), RPL10 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), GALNTL5 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2AUQ7, A5GFW8, A6NG13, A7RX69, D3ZNQ3, E9PU17, E9PX95, E9Q649, G3V9Q9, L7YAI7, O15466, O43173, P0DN25, P38566, P38567, P48794, P61644, P61645, P61646, P70126, P97402, Q02742, Q09363, Q11068, Q17678, Q21389, Q2NKH9, Q2YDM8, Q4R5T7, Q4V8F8, Q60V90, Q62803, Q64689, Q64690, Q64692, Q6ZNI0, Q6ZXC8, Q6ZXC9, Q71SG7, Q7Z4J2

Diamond homologs: A8Y236, H0ZAB5, O08832, O08912, O45293, O45947, O61394, O61397, O88422, P34678, P70419, Q07537, Q10471, Q10472, Q10473, Q14435, Q29121, Q49A17, Q5EA41, Q5RFJ6, Q6DJR8, Q6IS24, Q6P6V1, Q6P9A2, Q6P9S7, Q6PB93, Q6UE39, Q6WV16, Q6WV17, Q6WV19, Q6WV20, Q7K755, Q7TT15, Q7Z4T8, Q7Z7M9, Q80VA0, Q86SF2, Q86SR1, Q8BGT9, Q8BVG5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

91 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	76
Likely benign	6
Benign	5

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
996331	NM_145292.4(GALNTL5):c.153dup (p.Val52fs)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1786 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:151971062:AAAT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
7:151971066:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
7:152002711:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
7:152002712:A:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
7:152002712:AGG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:152002713:GGG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:152002848:GAGTA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
7:152007900:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
7:152007916:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
7:152007916:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
7:152007943:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
7:152007944:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
7:151971056:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
7:151971056:GGA:G	donor_gain	0.9900
7:151971057:GAG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
7:151971064:AT:A	donor_gain	0.9900
7:151973707:GAA:G	donor_gain	0.9900
7:152002712:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:152002712:AG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:152002712:AGGG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:152002713:G:GT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:152002713:GG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:152002713:GGGG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:152002713:GGGGA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:152002807:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
7:152002808:G:GA	donor_gain	0.9900
7:152007821:TTCTA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:152007822:TCTA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:152007823:CTAGG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:152007824:TA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

2934 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:152014776:T:A	W387R	0.958
7:152014776:T:C	W387R	0.958
7:152019751:T:G	Y428D	0.942
7:152019733:T:A	C422S	0.925
7:152019734:G:C	C422S	0.925
7:152019742:T:C	F425L	0.921
7:152019744:T:A	F425L	0.921
7:152019744:T:G	F425L	0.921
7:152002881:T:C	F276L	0.906
7:152002883:T:A	F276L	0.906
7:152002883:T:G	F276L	0.906
7:152014778:G:C	W387C	0.903
7:152014778:G:T	W387C	0.903
7:152019752:A:C	Y428S	0.897
7:152014647:T:A	W344R	0.896
7:152014647:T:C	W344R	0.896
7:152002899:T:C	F282L	0.894
7:152002901:T:A	F282L	0.894
7:152002901:T:G	F282L	0.894
7:152019720:G:C	R417S	0.888
7:152019720:G:T	R417S	0.888
7:152014763:A:C	R382S	0.884
7:152014763:A:T	R382S	0.884
7:152002728:T:C	F225L	0.878
7:152002730:C:A	F225L	0.878
7:152002730:C:G	F225L	0.878
7:152019766:T:C	F433L	0.875
7:152019768:C:A	F433L	0.875
7:152019768:C:G	F433L	0.875
7:152019733:T:C	C422R	0.873

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000090339 (7:151982115 A>G), RS1000154777 (7:151981677 C>A,G,T), RS1000181584 (7:151975022 A>G), RS1000199596 (7:151958429 C>G,T), RS1000288156 (7:152014174 C>T), RS1000326598 (7:151998204 C>T), RS1000355453 (7:151968741 G>A), RS1000370964 (7:152009231 C>T), RS1000393454 (7:152009610 C>T), RS1000427160 (7:151962968 A>C), RS1000480627 (7:152002201 A>C), RS1000492191 (7:152001948 T>C), RS1000498909 (7:151963221 C>A,T), RS1000543390 (7:151986156 C>A,T), RS1000640168 (7:151996365 C>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:615133 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): male infertility (MONDO:0005372)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002720_4	Kidney function decline traits	2.000000e-07
GCST003264_1366	Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio	6.000000e-08
GCST003264_1619	Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio	1.000000e-06
GCST008970_5	Gout	9.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0006836	rapid kidney function decline
EFO:0004713	FEV/FVC ratio

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D007248	Infertility, Male	C12.100.500.430; C12.100.750.700; C12.200.294.430

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

3 total (human), top 3 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	2
Valproic Acid	increases expression	2
trichostatin A	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

125 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02202382	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Male Infertility
NCT02204826	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Semen Parameters in Male Infertility Patients: a Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Study
NCT03802864	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Post-operative Pain Control of Testicular Sperm Extraction Using Liposomal Bupivacaine
NCT06100432	PHASE4	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Effect of Eurycoma Longifolia (DLBS5055) and Multivitamins (Vitamin C+Vitamin E+ β-carotene) for Infertile Males
NCT07523022	PHASE4	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Comparison of the Effect of Gonadotropin and Clomiphene Citrate Treatment on Sperm Parameters and the Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Procedures in Subfertile Men Based on the APHRODITE Groups
NCT00975117	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Spermotrend in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01407432	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Impact of Folates in the Care of the Male Infertility
NCT01895816	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Herbal Tonic Fertile Supplement(ZO2C5)
NCT02605070	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Pilot Study on the Effects of FSH Treatment on the Epigenetic Characteristics of Spermatozoa in Infertile Patients With Severe Oligozoospermia
NCT07402759	PHASE3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Impact of tdrd9 Gene Mutations in the Therapeutic Response to L-carnitine in Oligoasthenozoospermic Men
NCT01880086	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Low Testosterone Associated With Chronic Opioid Pain Medication Administration
NCT02061384	PHASE2	COMPLETED	RA-2 13-cis Retinoic Acid (Isotretinoin)
NCT02421887	PHASE2	COMPLETED	Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility Trial
NCT05200663	PHASE2	UNKNOWN	Efficacy Comparison of Tamoxifen and Tamoxifen With Antioxidants on Semen Quality of Male With Idiopathic Infertility
NCT05290558	PHASE2	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	The Therapeutic Effects of Bu Shen Yi Jing Pill on Semen Quality in Sub Fertile Males: a Randomized Controlled Trial
NCT06091969	PHASE2	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Supplementation for Male Subfertility
NCT01595308	PHASE1	COMPLETED	A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pomegranate Juice on Semen Parameters in Healthy Male Volunteers
NCT02122211	PHASE1	COMPLETED	Choline Dehydrogenase and Sperm Function: Effects of Betaine
NCT02575924	PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Influence of Culture Media on Clinical Outcomes in Poor Responders or Severe Male Infertility
NCT01304927	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Supplementation and Male Infertility: The CBG-study a Randomized Clinical Trial
NCT02349945	PHASE2/PHASE3	COMPLETED	FSH Receptor Polymorphism p.N680S and Efficacy of FSH Therapy
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