GKN1

Summary

GKN1 (gastrokine 1, HGNC:23217) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2p13.3, encoding Gastrokine-1 (Q9NS71). Has mitogenic activity and may be involved in maintaining the integrity of the gastric mucosal epithelium.

The protein encoded by this gene is found to be down-regulated in human gastric cancer tissue as compared to normal gastric mucosa.

Source: NCBI Gene 56287 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 15
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 65 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_019617

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:23217
Approved symbol	GKN1
Name	gastrokine 1
Location	2p13.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	AMP18, CA11, BRICD1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000169605
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606402
Entrez	56287

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 2 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000377938, ENST00000478888, ENST00000673932

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_019617 NM_019617

CCDS: CCDS1891

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000377938 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001130072	68980729	68980976
ENSE00001165175	68979913	68980060
ENSE00001165183	68978871	68978981
ENSE00001165189	68977637	68977774
ENSE00003668213	68977495	68977548
ENSE00003898475	68974636	68974689

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 146 present calls, max score 99.66.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 6.1428 / max 9708.9428, expressed in 25 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
20739	6.1428	25

Top tissues by expression

273 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	99.66	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	99.55	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	98.63	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	96.58	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	94.02	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	91.79	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	90.75	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	83.44	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	69.40	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	69.29	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	69.09	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	68.48	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	67.12	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	66.30	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	65.40	silver quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	63.36	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	63.32	silver quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	62.78	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	62.20	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	61.66	silver quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	61.03	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	60.25	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	59.61	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	59.12	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	57.81	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	57.31	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	55.94	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	55.08	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	55.03	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	54.90	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	2.27

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NKX6-3

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

17 targeting GKN1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4803	99.98	71.99	3117
HSA-MIR-205-3P	99.92	69.92	3165
HSA-MIR-548D-3P	99.87	70.67	4362
HSA-MIR-548BB-3P	99.86	70.58	4354
HSA-MIR-548AC	99.84	70.77	4351
HSA-MIR-548H-3P	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-548Z	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-325	99.58	66.55	358
HSA-MIR-6832-5P	99.58	64.82	1132
HSA-MIR-3942-3P	99.57	69.03	2854
HSA-MIR-510-3P	99.54	70.06	2965
HSA-MIR-3923	99.52	69.21	446
HSA-MIR-3123	99.47	67.15	2693
HSA-MIR-580-5P	99.28	70.94	1776
HSA-MIR-892C-5P	99.16	70.56	2116
HSA-MIR-4738-3P	98.98	67.98	1846
HSA-MIR-1245B-3P	98.01	68.91	1387

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• AMP-18 could protect the intestinal mucosal barrier by acting on specific tight junction proteins and stabilizing perijunctional actin (PMID:15961882)
• study demonstrated the presence of gastrokine-1 isoforms of which the basic isoform was reduced in a subset of patients with H. pylori infection. (PMID:17092786)
• GKN1 and GKN2 expression occurs frequently in gastric adenocarcinomas, especially in the diffuse subtype (PMID:18593995)
• GKN1 expression is related to the inflammatory damage of gastric mucosa and could be the related to the gastric cellular phenotype. (PMID:18927498)
• GKN1 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation. (PMID:21751384)
• GKN1 modulates apoptotic signals and might play an important role for tissue repair during the early stages of neoplastic transformation. (PMID:21792914)
• The GKN1 gene may play an important role in the progression of sporadic gastric cancers via inhibition of EMT and cancer cell migration (PMID:21898090)
• Expression of GKN1 is progressively lost from normal mucosa, precancerous to cancerous gastric tissues, while restoration of GKN1 expression induces gastric cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. (PMID:22621392)
• Both Helicobacter pylori infection and long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration downregulate gastrokine-1 expression in the gastric mucosa, which may contribute to the gastric mucosal injuries induced by these two factors. (PMID:22798109)
• There is no direct molecular interaction between GKN1 and TFF1 in protein level in gastric cancer. (PMID:22842654)
• Low expression of gastrokine 1 is associated with gastric cancer. (PMID:23317277)
• Molecular and functional properties of human GKN1 indicate a more significant propensity for beta-sheet structures. (PMID:23319233)
• the GKN1 gene may inhibit progression of gastric epithelial cells to cancer cells by regulating NF-kappaB signaling pathway and cytokine expression. (PMID:23444260)
• Low GKN1 activity is associated with gastric cancers. (PMID:23812904)
• Our results show that GKN1 has an miR-185-dependent and -independent mechanism for chromatic and DNA epigenetic modification, thereby regulating the cell cycle (PMID:23846337)
• Data suggest GKN1 is expressed in placental trophoblasts in third trimester (not first); GKN1 expression is limited to extravillous trophoblasts. GKN1 expression is downregulated in choriocarcinoma; GKN1 attenuates migration of choriocarcinoma cells. (PMID:23993393)
• these results suggest that the NH2-terminal hydrophobic region and BRICHOS domain of GKN1 are sufficient for its tumor suppressor activities. (PMID:24099765)
• These data demonstrate that in the presence of GKN2, GKN1 loses its ability to decrease cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and inhibit epigenetic alterations in gastric cancer cells. (PMID:24151046)
• Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 binds to the divergent promoter of the GKN1 and GKN2 genes and contributes to the complex transcriptional and epigenetic deregulation of the GKN1 and GKN2 tumor suppressor genes. (PMID:24460791)
• Data show that recombinant gastrokine 1 (GKN1) interacts with amyloid-beta peptide (1-40) preventing its aggregation. (PMID:25139219)
• These results suggest that GKN1 might be a target to inhibit the effects from H.pylori CagA. (PMID:25239641)
• GKN1 may shorten telomeres by acting as a potential c-myc inhibitor that eventually leads to senescence and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells (PMID:25344918)
• GKN1 expression in the gastric mucosa of gastric cancer patients is decreased; this is associated with progression and prognosis of gastric cancer. (PMID:25469040)
• GKN1 inhibits metastasis in gastric cancer cells. (PMID:25725220)
• GKN1 may contribute to the maintenance of gastric epithelial homeostasis and inhibit gastric carcinogenesis by down-regulating the gastrin-cholecystokinin B receptor signaling pathway. (PMID:25752269)
• AMP-18 appears to act through PI3K/AKT pathways to increase p21 phosphorylation, thereby reducing its nuclear accumulation to overcome the antiproliferative effects of TNF-alpha. (PMID:25919700)
• Results suggest a potential association between CRP and GPC5 variants with lung cancer risk; variation in GKN1 is associated with chemotherapy response in the Chinese Han population. (PMID:25999661)
• Gastrokine 1 indirectly participates in actin stabilization since its overexpression in gastric cancer cells strongly increases the expression of tight and adherens junction proteins (PMID:26008777)
• Low GKN1 expression is associated with gastric cancer. (PMID:27250838)
• These results did not confirm GKN1 as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer. (PMID:27452910)
• Data show that ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 5 protein (UBR5) bound the tumor suppressor gastrokine 1 (GKN1) and increased its ubiquitination to reduce the protein stability of GKN1. (PMID:27590582)
• The GKN1 is secreted and internalized in the gastric epithelium by exosome-driven transfer, which inhibits gastric tumorigenesis and supports the clinical application of GKN1 protein in gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment. (PMID:29704153)
• Changes in the expressions of SOX9 and GKN1 may be associated with the malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer. (PMID:31282324)
• K14-high cells contribute to lung cancer metastasis potentially through inhibition of anoikis via upregulation of Gkn1. (PMID:31320708)
• GKN1 plays an important role in the maintenance of gastric homeostasis. In inflamed mucosa, both with and without H. pylori infection, GKN1 levels decrease, while the protein is absent in gastric cancer. The measurement of circulating GKN1 concentration, the protein itself or its mRNA in gastric tissue could be useful for the early diagnosis of cancer. [review] (PMID:31322194)
• The diagnostic value of serum gastrokine 1 (GKN1) protein in gastric cancer. (PMID:31376239)
• The up-regulation of miR-544a could be crucially involved in the GKN1 translational repression, thus suggesting its potential role as a biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer patients. (PMID:31509760)
• AUF1 knockdown resulted in upregulation of GKN1 expression and promoted GKN1 mRNA decay by binding the 3’ untranslated region of GKN1 mRNA H. pylori-induced AUF1 expression was associated with p-ERK activation and CagA. (PMID:31657090)
• Women with chronic follicular gastritis positive for Helicobacter pylori express lower levels of GKN1. (PMID:32086651)
• Uptake and tumor-suppressive pathways of exosome-associated GKN1 protein in gastric epithelial cells. (PMID:32291710)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Gkn1	ENSMUSG00000030050
rattus_norvegicus	Gkn1	ENSRNOG00000008838

Paralogs (2): BRICD5 (ENSG00000182685), GKN2 (ENSG00000183607)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Gastrokine-1 — Q9NS71 (reviewed: Q9NS71)

Alternative names: 18 kDa antrum mucosa protein, Protein CA11

All UniProt accessions (3): A0A8I5KHR1, Q53YU7, Q9NS71

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Has mitogenic activity and may be involved in maintaining the integrity of the gastric mucosal epithelium.

Subcellular location. Secreted. Cytoplasmic granule. Golgi apparatus.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in stomach (at protein level). No expression is detected in cancer tissue or gastric cancer cell lines.

Similarity. Belongs to the gastrokine family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_062563* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007084	BRICHOS_dom	Domain
IPR051772	Gastrokine	Family

Pfam: PF04089

UniProt features (5 total): signal peptide 1, chain 1, domain 1, disulfide bond 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NS71-F1	83.16	0.53

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (1): 81–142

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 178 (showing top): GOBP_DIGESTION, RRAGTTGT_UNKNOWN, WANG_CLIM2_TARGETS_UP, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, GOMF_CARBONATE_DEHYDRATASE_ACTIVITY, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOMF_GROWTH_FACTOR_ACTIVITY, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, AACWWCAANK_UNKNOWN, MODULE_66, FONTAINE_PAPILLARY_THYROID_CARCINOMA_UP, AP1_Q4_01, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_DIVISION, BACH2_01

GO Biological Process (5): digestion (GO:0007586), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0042127), positive regulation of cell division (GO:0051781), signal transduction (GO:0007165)

GO Molecular Function (2): growth factor activity (GO:0008083), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), secretory granule (GO:0030141), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), endomembrane system (GO:0012505)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
cell population proliferation	2
positive regulation of cellular process	2
regulation of cellular process	2
endomembrane system	2
multicellular organismal process	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
cell division	1
regulation of cell division	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
receptor ligand activity	1
binding	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
secretory vesicle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
vacuole	1
plasma membrane	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

484 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GKN1	CAPN9	O14815	941
GKN1	MUC6	Q6W4X9	615
GKN1	TFF2	Q03403	541
GKN1	LIPF	P07098	517
GKN1	GCNT4	Q9P109	508
GKN1	A4GNT	Q9UNA3	500
GKN1	UQCC4	Q4G0I0	485
GKN1	TFF1	P04155	483
GKN1	CBLIF	P27352	448
GKN1	ATP4B	P51164	446
GKN1	VSIG1	Q86XK7	416
GKN1	TFF3	Q07654	412
GKN1	TSC22D2	O75157	411
GKN1	MUC5AC	P98088	406
GKN1	PGC	P20142	396

IntAct

50 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SERP2	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GKN1	VAPA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SMCO4	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GKN1	UBE2J1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PLPP6	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MFF	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GKN1	TREX1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GKN1	SERP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TMEM179B	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
AQP6	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FAM209A	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GKN1	GLE1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KLF11	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GKN1	NUP58	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GKN1	SPRED1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GKN1	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GKN1	CDC27	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
GKN1	TMOD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SERP2	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
UBE2J1	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PLPP6	GKN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (37): UBR5 (Affinity Capture-Western), GKN1 (Affinity Capture-Western), C6orf58 (Affinity Capture-MS), LYZL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CST1 (Affinity Capture-MS), AMY1C (Affinity Capture-MS), PIGR (Affinity Capture-MS), CST4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ZG16B (Affinity Capture-MS), MUC7 (Affinity Capture-MS), IGHA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GKN1 (Two-hybrid), GKN1 (Two-hybrid), GKN1 (Two-hybrid), GKN1 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1A535, A2VDN0, A5A6H8, A8E7C5, A9ULX8, B5DFM7, E9Q9F6, F6UF99, O18638, O42204, O43736, O89051, P0DP43, P10379, P58239, P91682, Q06AV4, Q06BR2, Q10651, Q14D04, Q29TV8, Q3T0P7, Q4R540, Q52N47, Q5NVC3, Q5PQL7, Q5PQS3, Q5R876, Q5SC59, Q5SC60, Q5SY80, Q5XIE8, Q60HC1, Q61500, Q6GPK2, Q86XM0, Q86XP6, Q8HYA9, Q8IZ07, Q90372

Diamond homologs: D2XPP7, P0CG01, Q9CQS6, Q9CR36, Q9D0T7, Q9NS71, Q8HYA9

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
NKX6-3	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	GKN1	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

65 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	48
Likely benign	2
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

525 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:68974690:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:68977627:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68977628:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68977629:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68977635:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68977636:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68977636:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68977770:GAAAT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:68977773:AT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:68977775:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:68977776:T:TC	donor_loss	1.0000
2:68978931:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
2:68978979:AAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:68978980:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:68978981:GGTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
2:68978982:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
2:68978983:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
2:68979893:C:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68979905:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68979906:C:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68979907:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68979908:C:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68979911:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68979912:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68979912:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68979912:GCTTC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:68980056:GCAAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:68980057:CAAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:68980058:AAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:68980059:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1333 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:68980021:T:A	C156S	0.991
2:68980022:G:C	C156S	0.991
2:68978907:T:A	C95S	0.990
2:68978908:G:C	C95S	0.990
2:68978907:T:C	C95R	0.989
2:68978909:C:G	C95W	0.988
2:68978908:G:A	C95Y	0.986
2:68977716:C:A	A63D	0.982
2:68977760:T:A	W78R	0.982
2:68977760:T:C	W78R	0.982
2:68980023:T:G	C156W	0.982
2:68980021:T:C	C156R	0.981
2:68977754:T:C	S76P	0.979
2:68978908:G:T	C95F	0.978
2:68980022:G:A	C156Y	0.978
2:68977715:G:C	A63P	0.977
2:68977750:G:C	W74C	0.974
2:68977750:G:T	W74C	0.974
2:68978878:C:A	A85D	0.974
2:68980800:T:A	C193S	0.973
2:68980801:G:C	C193S	0.973
2:68977748:T:A	W74R	0.972
2:68977748:T:C	W74R	0.972
2:68978914:T:A	V97E	0.972
2:68978880:G:C	A86P	0.971
2:68978877:G:C	A85P	0.967
2:68979958:T:G	Y135D	0.967
2:68980001:G:T	G149V	0.965
2:68977722:T:A	V65D	0.963
2:68978907:T:G	C95G	0.962

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000217564 (2:68975341 G>A), RS1000366551 (2:68976306 ACTT>A), RS1000407325 (2:68973765 T>C), RS1000697969 (2:68974976 T>C), RS1001391408 (2:68978384 G>C), RS1001431795 (2:68978718 G>T), RS1001659678 (2:68975597 C>A), RS1001691096 (2:68975442 G>A), RS1002027794 (2:68974119 T>C), RS1002481619 (2:68980384 C>T), RS1003013539 (2:68977033 T>C), RS1003517956 (2:68973305 A>G), RS1003702720 (2:68972894 C>G), RS1003757408 (2:68979028 A>C,G), RS1003957008 (2:68973030 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606402 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

15 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000847_1	Retinal vascular caliber	2.000000e-25
GCST001241_6	Bipolar disorder	3.000000e-06
GCST001808_2	Tumor biomarkers	8.000000e-176
GCST002485_11	Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels	5.000000e-12
GCST004613_76	Sum neutrophil eosinophil counts	4.000000e-13
GCST004614_78	Granulocyte count	3.000000e-13
GCST004620_40	Sum basophil neutrophil counts	5.000000e-13
GCST004629_47	Neutrophil count	6.000000e-13
GCST004632_25	Lymphocyte percentage of white cells	3.000000e-16
GCST004633_13	Neutrophil percentage of white cells	1.000000e-15
GCST006585_2992	Blood protein levels	1.000000e-07
GCST010134_4	Non-oily fish consumption	3.000000e-16
GCST010135_4	Oily fish consumption	2.000000e-16
GCST010140_48	Pork consumption	2.000000e-16
GCST90002404_538	Red cell distribution width	3.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (11, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004731	eye measurement
EFO:0005127	cancer biomarker measurement
EFO:0005760	serum carcinoembryonic antigen measurement
EFO:0004833	neutrophil count
EFO:0004842	eosinophil count
EFO:0007987	granulocyte count
EFO:0005090	basophil count
EFO:0007993	lymphocyte percentage of leukocytes
EFO:0007990	neutrophil percentage of leukocytes
EFO:0008111	diet measurement
EFO:0009188	Red cell distribution width

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

15 total (human), top 15 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
4-aminophenylarsenoxide	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
Aldehydes	increases expression	1
Aspirin	affects expression	1
Cadmium	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Cisplatin	increases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases abundance, decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.