GLI1

Summary

GLI1 (GLI family zinc finger 1, HGNC:4317) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q13.3, encoding Zinc finger protein GLI1 (P08151). Acts as a transcriptional activator.

This gene encodes a member of the Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins. The encoded transcription factor is activated by the sonic hedgehog signal transduction cascade and regulates stem cell proliferation. The activity and nuclear localization of this protein is negatively regulated by p53 in an inhibitory loop. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 2735 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): postaxial polydactyly (Strong, GenCC) — +4 more curated relationships
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 218 total — 5 pathogenic, 5 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 58
• Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
• Cancer driver (intOGen): loss-of-function (tumor-suppressor-like) across 1 cancer types
• Transcription factor: yes — 184 downstream targets (CollecTRI)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_005269

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:4317
Approved symbol	GLI1
Name	GLI family zinc finger 1
Location	12q13.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000111087
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	165220
Entrez	2735

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 9 — 7 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000228682, ENST00000527742, ENST00000528432, ENST00000528467, ENST00000530789, ENST00000532291, ENST00000543426, ENST00000546141, ENST00000907055

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_005269 NM_001160045, NM_001167609, NM_005269

CCDS: CCDS53806, CCDS53807, CCDS8940

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000228682 — 12 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000751003	57465111	57465255
ENSE00000751004	57465607	57465696
ENSE00000751005	57465788	57465925
ENSE00000751008	57467994	57468224
ENSE00000751009	57469431	57469698
ENSE00001278393	57470317	57472268
ENSE00001619249	57463999	57464091
ENSE00001621207	57467333	57467497
ENSE00001733880	57466240	57466389
ENSE00002170467	57459785	57460201
ENSE00002313701	57463665	57463791
ENSE00003678546	57464673	57464868

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 173 present calls, max score 92.43.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 1.4481 / max 54.2742, expressed in 541 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
126216	0.4348	225
126218	0.3536	186
126220	0.2416	120
126217	0.2135	117
126215	0.1265	47
126219	0.0780	28

Top tissues by expression

280 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	92.43	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	84.18	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	83.81	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	83.39	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	83.30	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	83.18	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	82.80	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	82.11	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	81.67	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	80.35	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	79.53	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	79.44	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	79.26	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	79.19	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	79.17	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	78.66	silver quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	78.48	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	78.36	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	78.30	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	78.13	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	78.06	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	77.73	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	77.66	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	77.62	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	77.47	gold quality
dorsal root ganglion	UBERON:0000044	77.30	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	77.03	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	76.73	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	76.64	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	76.58	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	3.32

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

184 targets.

Target	Regulation
ABCB1
ABCG2	Repression
ADAM12	Repression
AKT1	Unknown
ALCAM	Repression
AMH	Repression
ANGPT4	Activation
AQP1	Activation
ARTN	Activation
ATG12	Repression
BCL2	Activation
BHLHE41	Activation
BIRC3	Activation
BMI1	Activation
CAMK1D	Activation
CCN1	Activation
CCND1	Unknown
CCND2	Activation
CCPG1	Repression
CD24	Activation
CDC14A	Activation
CDH1	Activation
CDH17
CDK2	Activation
CDKN1A	Repression
CEL
CFLAR	Unknown
CLCA1	Repression
CLCA2	Repression
CLDN2	Activation

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ACTRT1, BCL6, BCOR, DCAF7, EWSR1, EYA1, FLI1, GLI1, GLI2, GLI3, H1-4, H3-3A, H3-3B, H4C2, HES1, MEOX1, RUNX2, SIRT1, SMAD2, SMAD4, SMARCB1, SMO, TP53, TWIST1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

16 targeting GLI1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3134	100.00	66.43	777
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-4496	99.88	68.89	2236
HSA-MIR-1299	99.77	71.24	2389
HSA-MIR-4679	99.76	69.19	1229
HSA-MIR-1255A	99.74	68.09	744
HSA-MIR-1255B-5P	99.74	68.16	741
HSA-MIR-6733-3P	99.54	67.80	1281
HSA-MIR-4762-3P	99.43	69.72	2363
HSA-MIR-4279	99.19	66.70	2437
HSA-MIR-4292	99.16	65.57	1767
HSA-MIR-6791-5P	99.16	65.92	1844
HSA-MIR-361-5P	98.95	70.16	1340
HSA-MIR-6771-3P	98.20	66.53	971
HSA-MIR-4308	97.56	67.13	1385
HSA-MIR-3943	95.87	64.57	523

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Cooperative E-box regulation by TWIST and USF (PMID:11948912)
• Sonic hedgehog activates expression during prostate ductal bud formation (PMID:12221011)
• Loss of protein kinase Calpha expression may enhance the tumorigenic potential of Gli1 in basal cell carcinoma. (PMID:12907651)
• GLI-1 has a role in mediating bcl-2 transcriptional regulation by the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway (PMID:14555646)
• CDK4, MDM2, SAS and GLI genes are amplified in leiomyosarcoma, alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (PMID:15024701)
• GLI oncogene is activated through fusion with the beta-actin gene (ACTB) in a group of distinctive pericytic neoplasms (PMID:15111311)
• GLI2 directly activates GLI1 and retrovirally expressed GLI2 induces expression of endogenous GLI1 in human primary keratinocytes (PMID:15175043)
• Data report expression of sonic hedgehog-GLI-1 pathway components in adult human prostate cancer, often with enhanced levels in tumors versus normal prostatic epithelia. (PMID:15314219)
• characterization of the breakpoints of the ACTB-GLI and GLI-ACTB fusions at the genomic level in pericytoma with t(7;12) (PMID:15555571)
• Quantification of Gli1 transcripts by RT-PCR is helpful in discriminating BCC and trichoepithelioma from other skin tumors. (PMID:15606671)
• Elevated expression of hedgehog target genes human patched gene 1 (PTCH1) or Gli1 occurs in 63 of the 99 primary gastric cancers. (patched gene 1) (PMID:15905200)
• downregulation of Gli1 expression may be an important mechanism by which KAAD-cyclopamine inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells (PMID:16003737)
• GLI1 induction was apparently inhibited by PTCH1 (PMID:16229683)
• Protein kinase A regulates Gli1 localization and its transcriptional activity, in part, through modulating the nuclear localization signal function. (PMID:16293631)
• GLI target gene profiles correlated well with the biological activities of these transcription factors in hair follicles and basal cell carcinoma. (PMID:16434164)
• Increased expression of SHh mRNA in human colonic adenocarcinomas and in a colorectal cell line with downstream increased expression of Gli1 mRNA known to promote cell proliferation. (PMID:16701100)
• beta-catenin might be involved in the Hh signaling pathway via enhancement of the transcriptional activity of GLI (PMID:16786128)
• The results suggest that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling modulates GLI target gene profiles which may play an important regulatory role in outer root sheath (ORS) specification, hair growth, and possibly cancer. (PMID:16880536)
• AN11 may be a physiological regulator of GLI1 transcriptional activity (PMID:16887337)
• Expressions of Shh and Gli-1 were significantly higher in leiomyomas than in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Expressions of Ptc and Smo did not correlate with histopathological differentiation. (PMID:17007023)
• SCCRO regulates Gli1–a key regulator of the hedgehog (HH) pathway. (PMID:17018598)
• gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma cell lines express Gli1 mRNA significantly. (PMID:17102592)
• Hedgehog transcription factor Gli1 is targeted by Numb for Itch-dependent ubiquitination, which suppresses Hedgehog signals, thus arresting growth and promoting cell differentiation. (PMID:17115028)
• In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Gli-1 expression was associated with tumor depth (p < 0.001), positive lymph node metastasis (p = 0.004) and a poor prognosis (p = 0.0047). (PMID:17179732)
• GLI signaling regulates the expression of stemness genes in and the self-renewal of CD133(+) glioma cancer stem cells. (PMID:17196391)
• Melanomas require SHH-GLI signaling regulated by interactions between GLI1 and the RAS-MEK/AKT pathways. (PMID:17392427)
• Shh-Ptch1-Gli1 signaling pathway may play a role in the progression of colorectal tumor. (PMID:17461467)
• mRNA expression of the hedgehog pathway target Gli1 is relatively high in approximately 25% of glioblastoma multiforme cases. Reduction of Gli levels using siRNA also reduced the viability and growth of glioma cells. (PMID:17628016)
• transforming growth factor-beta has a role in Smad3-dependent activation of Gli2 and Gli1 expression (PMID:17638910)
• Down-regulation of Bcl-2 plays an important role in apoptosis induced by Gli-1 siRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (PMID:18203291)
• GLI1 does not routinely co-operate with ERK to induce the formation of basal cell carcinoma skin cancers. (PMID:18281251)
• activation mechanism of the terminal transducer of the pathway, GLI1, is mediated not only by GLI1FL but also by the GLI1DeltaN variant (PMID:18378682)
• members of the Hh pathway, especially Gli1, play an important role in the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells through the regulation of MMP-9 expression. (PMID:18410405)
• SHH and Gli1 mRNAs are likely to be up-regulated from adenoma and from borderline to carcinoma cells, respectively, in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (PMID:18425375)
• Gli-1 nuclear expression is a strong and independent predictor of early relapse and poor prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma after ChemoRadioTherapy - which suggests that Hh signal activation might promote cancer regrowth and progression after CRT (PMID:18475300)
• These results indicate a significant role for Shh-GLI signaling in the proliferation of mantle cell lymphoma. (PMID:18524848)
• Hh target genes GLI1 and PTCH1 are not expressed in lesional psoriatic skin (PMID:18754037)
• A role ofor SIL in derepressing GLI1 from the negative control of SUFU. (PMID:18829525)
• p53 and GLI1 may have a role in tumor cell survival (PMID:18924150)
• Protein kinase Cdelta alters hedgehog signaling by inhibition of Gli protein transcriptional activity (PMID:19015273)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gli1	ENSDARG00000101244
mus_musculus	Gli1	ENSMUSG00000025407
rattus_norvegicus	Gli1	ENSRNOG00000025120

Paralogs (14): ZIC2 (ENSG00000043355), ZXDC (ENSG00000070476), GLI2 (ENSG00000074047), GLI3 (ENSG00000106571), GLIS3 (ENSG00000107249), GLIS2 (ENSG00000126603), AEBP2 (ENSG00000139154), ZIC5 (ENSG00000139800), ZIC1 (ENSG00000152977), ZIC3 (ENSG00000156925), GLIS1 (ENSG00000174332), ZIC4 (ENSG00000174963), ZXDA (ENSG00000198205), ZXDB (ENSG00000198455)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Zinc finger protein GLI1 — P08151 (reviewed: P08151)

Alternative names: Glioma-associated oncogene, Oncogene GLI

All UniProt accessions (3): E9PIB9, E9PQQ1, P08151

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5’-GACCACCCA-3’. Regulates the transcription of specific genes during normal development. Plays a role in craniofacial development and digital development, as well as development of the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Mediates SHH signaling. Plays a role in cell proliferation and differentiation via its role in SHH signaling. Acts as a transcriptional activator, but activates a different set of genes than isoform 1. Activates expression of CD24, unlike isoform 1. Mediates SHH signaling. Promotes cancer cell migration.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with KIF7. Interacts with STK36. Interacts with ZIC1; the interaction enhances transcription activation. Interacts with SUFU; this inhibits transcriptional activation by GLI1.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus Cytoplasm. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Detected in testis (at protein level). Testis, myometrium and fallopian tube. Also expressed in the brain with highest expression in the cerebellum, optic nerve and olfactory tract. Isoform 1 is detected in brain, spleen, pancreas, liver, kidney and placenta; isoform 2 is not detectable in these tissues.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated in vitro by ULK3. Acetylation at Lys-518 down-regulates transcriptional activity. Deacetylated by HDAC1. Ubiquitinated by the CRL2(FEM1B) complex, suppressing GLI1 transcriptional activator activity.

Disease relevance. Polydactyly, postaxial, A8 (PAPA8) [MIM:618123] A form of postaxial polydactyly, a condition characterized by the occurrence of supernumerary digits in the upper and/or lower extremities. In postaxial polydactyly type A, the extra digit is well-formed and articulates with the fifth or a sixth metacarpal/metatarsal. PAPA8 is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by the presence of postaxial extra digits (hexadactyly) on the hands and/or the feet. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Polydactyly, preaxial 1 (PPD1) [MIM:174400] A form of polydactyly, a condition defined by the occurrence of supernumerary digits in the upper and/or lower extremities. Preaxial or radial polydactyly refers to the presence of extra digits on the radial side of the hand. PPD1 is an autosomal recessive form characterized by duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb. The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Induction. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are amplified in glioblastoma cells.

Miscellaneous. Undetectable in normal cells but highly expressed in cancer cells.

Similarity. Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P08151-1	1	yes
P08151-2	2, tGLI1
P08151-3	3

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001153517, NP_001161081, NP_005260* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR013087	Znf_C2H2_type	Domain
IPR036236	Znf_C2H2_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR043359	GLI-like	Family
IPR056436	Znf-C2H2_ZIC1-5/GLI1-3-like	Domain

Pfam: PF00096, PF23561

UniProt features (52 total): region of interest 11, sequence variant 11, compositionally biased region 6, zinc finger region 5, strand 5, helix 5, turn 3, splice variant 2, chain 1, modified residue 1, cross-link 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

5 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
4KMD	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
7T91	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.05
2GLI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.6
4BLB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
5OM0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P08151-F1	46.19	0.00

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (2): 518, 1003

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5610780	Degradation of GLI1 by the proteasome
R-HSA-5610787	Hedgehog ‘off’ state
R-HSA-5632684	Hedgehog ‘on’ state
R-HSA-5635851	GLI proteins bind promoters of Hh responsive genes to promote transcription

MSigDB gene sets: 409 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD11B_DC_UP, RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HEPATOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, GOBP_HINDBRAIN_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_DNA_REPLICATION, GOBP_HEPATICOBILIARY_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_METENCEPHALON_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_MUSCLE_TISSUE_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_GLAND_MORPHOGENESIS, KEGG_HEDGEHOG_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, RORA1_01, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DEVELOPMENTAL_GROWTH, AREB6_03, GOBP_CELL_CYCLE_PHASE_TRANSITION

GO Biological Process (34): osteoblast differentiation (GO:0001649), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), smoothened signaling pathway (GO:0007224), spermatid development (GO:0007286), ventral midline development (GO:0007418), positive regulation of cell population proliferation (GO:0008284), regulation of smoothened signaling pathway (GO:0008589), response to wounding (GO:0009611), epidermal cell differentiation (GO:0009913), dorsal/ventral pattern formation (GO:0009953), proximal/distal pattern formation (GO:0009954), cerebellar cortex morphogenesis (GO:0021696), regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation (GO:0021936), pituitary gland development (GO:0021983), lung development (GO:0030324), positive regulation of cell migration (GO:0030335), prostate gland development (GO:0030850), regulation of osteoblast differentiation (GO:0045667), positive regulation of DNA replication (GO:0045740), positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway (GO:0045880), positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045893), positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944), digestive tract morphogenesis (GO:0048546), notochord regression (GO:0060032), positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation (GO:0060045), negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090), liver regeneration (GO:0097421), positive regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition (GO:1902808), regulation of hepatocyte proliferation (GO:2000345), spermatogenesis (GO:0007283), anatomical structure morphogenesis (GO:0009653), regulation of gene expression (GO:0010468), cell differentiation (GO:0030154)

GO Molecular Function (13): transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976), RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000977), RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978), DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228), DNA binding (GO:0003677), chromatin binding (GO:0003682), microtubule binding (GO:0008017), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0043565), double-stranded DNA binding (GO:0003690), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (11): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), axoneme (GO:0005930), ciliary basal body (GO:0036064), ciliary tip (GO:0097542), ciliary base (GO:0097546), GLI-SUFU complex (GO:1990788), cilium (GO:0005929)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Signaling by Hedgehog	2
Hedgehog ‘off’ state	1
Hedgehog ‘on’ state	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	6
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	3
cilium	3
regionalization	2
gland development	2
binding	2
DNA binding	2
ossification	1
cell differentiation	1
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	1
germ cell development	1
spermatid differentiation	1
central nervous system development	1
anatomical structure development	1
cell population proliferation	1
regulation of cell population proliferation	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1
smoothened signaling pathway	1
regulation of signal transduction	1
response to stress	1
epidermis development	1
epithelial cell differentiation	1
anatomical structure morphogenesis	1
cerebellum morphogenesis	1
cerebellar cortex development	1
cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation	1
regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	1
diencephalon development	1
endocrine system development	1
respiratory tube development	1
animal organ development	1
respiratory system development	1
cell migration	1
regulation of cell migration	1
positive regulation of cell motility	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3796 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GLI1	SUFU	Q9UMX1	999
GLI1	SHH	Q15465	976
GLI1	PTCH1	Q13635	975
GLI1	SMO	Q99835	975
GLI1	KIF7	Q2M1P5	966
GLI1	IHH	Q14623	961
GLI1	HHIP	Q96QV1	898
GLI1	STK36	Q9NRP7	861
GLI1	SPOP	O43791	856
GLI1	CDC73	Q6P1J9	841
GLI1	DHH	O43323	832
GLI1	BMI1	P35226	816
GLI1	R4GMX3	R4GMX3	816
GLI1	KAT2B	Q92831	815
GLI1	MYC	P01106	811

IntAct

91 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GLI1	SUFU	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.970
SUFU	GLI1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.970
GLI1	SUFU	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.970
SUFU	GLI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.970
GLI1	SUFU	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.970
Numb	GLI1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.610
Numb	GLI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
GLI1	Numb	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
ITCH	GLI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
ITCH	GLI1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.600
GLI1	ITCH	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600

BioGRID (214): PRKAA2 (Two-hybrid), GCC1 (Two-hybrid), TRIM42 (Two-hybrid), SMAD4 (Affinity Capture-Western), SMAD2 (Affinity Capture-Western), GLI1 (Affinity Capture-Western), BTRC (Affinity Capture-Western), GLI1 (Co-localization), GLI1 (Co-localization), SUFU (Affinity Capture-MS), TP53 (Affinity Capture-MS), ALLC (Affinity Capture-MS), ALYREF (Affinity Capture-MS), KIAA1211 (Affinity Capture-MS), SMARCA4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1XSY8, O08656, O43474, P08046, P08151, P08152, P08154, P09022, P09027, P10070, P11161, P13360, P15976, P17679, P18146, P19544, P22561, P26632, P26633, P31249, P40656, P43300, P43301, P43429, P46153, P47806, P49639, P49952, P50476, P51774, Q05159, Q06889, Q07424, Q08427, Q0VGT2, Q29W20, Q60793, Q61169, Q6NW96, Q6P0J3

Diamond homologs: A0A5K4F1D0, A0JC51, A4FV57, O57311, O60481, O73689, O95409, P08151, P10070, P10071, P19538, P34708, P39768, P46684, P47806, P55878, P55879, Q0VGT2, Q15915, Q17308, Q5IS56, Q61467, Q61602, Q62520, Q62521, Q6DJQ6, Q6GR30, Q6XP49, Q6ZN18, Q7JNM3, Q7K0S9, Q7SXV2, Q7TQ40, Q8JJC0, Q8K1M4, Q8N9L1, Q8NBF1, Q8NEA6, Q8SV95, Q8VDL9

SIGNOR signaling

56 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
ZIC1	up-regulates	GLI1	relocalization
ZIC1	up-regulates	GLI1
MTSS1	up-regulates	GLI1	binding
CXCL1	up-regulates	GLI1
ITCH	down-regulates	GLI1	ubiquitination
PTEN	down-regulates	GLI1
2-[[3-[[2-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-2-pyridin-4-yl-1,3-diazinan-1-yl]methyl]-N,N-dimethylaniline	down-regulates	GLI1	“chemical inhibition”
AKT2	up-regulates	GLI1
NRAS	up-regulates	GLI1
NUMB	down-regulates	GLI1	binding
4-(2,4,5-tripyridin-4-yl-3-thiophenyl)pyridine	down-regulates	GLI1	“chemical inhibition”
GLI1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	CCND1	“transcriptional regulation”
GLI1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	MYCN	“transcriptional regulation”
GLI1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	PTCH1	“transcriptional regulation”
RPS6KB1	up-regulates	GLI1	phosphorylation
GLI1	up-regulates	Cell_growth
SGK1	down-regulates	GLI1	binding
PRKAA1	“down-regulates activity”	GLI1	phosphorylation
DCAF7	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	GLI1	“transcriptional regulation”
ULK3	“up-regulates activity”	GLI1	phosphorylation
GLI1	“form complex”	GLI1/GLI2	binding
MAPK14	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	GLI1	phosphorylation

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 29 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
negative regulation of apoptotic process	7	12.8×	3e-04

Disease & clinical

Cancer significance

From intOGen — cancer-driver classification: loss-of-function (tumor-suppressor-like) across 1 cancer types — LMS.

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

218 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	5
Likely pathogenic	5
Uncertain significance	153
Likely benign	27
Benign	12

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (10)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
3026491	NM_005269.3(GLI1):c.1361del (p.Pro454fs)	Pathogenic
3390852	NM_005269.3(GLI1):c.1013G>T (p.Cys338Phe)	Pathogenic
561213	NM_005269.3(GLI1):c.2340G>A (p.Trp780Ter)	Pathogenic
561214	NM_005269.3(GLI1):c.1930C>T (p.Gln644Ter)	Pathogenic
561215	NM_005269.3(GLI1):c.337C>T (p.Arg113Ter)	Pathogenic
2440510	NM_005269.3(GLI1):c.821dup (p.Cys275fs)	Likely pathogenic
2634349	NM_005269.3(GLI1):c.1078-1G>C	Likely pathogenic
3353391	NM_005269.3(GLI1):c.2968C>T (p.Arg990Ter)	Likely pathogenic
918147	NM_005269.3(GLI1):c.1796del (p.Gly599fs)	Likely pathogenic
982420	NM_005269.3(GLI1):c.985A>T (p.Lys329Ter)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1869 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:57460198:AGAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:57460199:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57460201:GGTG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:57464832:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57465599:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:57465600:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:57465693:ACAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:57465694:CAGGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:57465695:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:57465696:GG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:57465896:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57465897:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57465926:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57465936:GGGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57465937:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57466238:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:57466239:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:57467322:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:57467322:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:57467323:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:57467331:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:57467332:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:57468164:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57468175:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57468189:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57468193:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
12:57470310:C:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:57470312:TGCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:57470313:GCAG:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:57470316:G:GC	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

7138 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:57465872:T:C	C237R	1.000
12:57465899:T:C	F246L	1.000
12:57465901:T:A	F246L	1.000
12:57465901:T:G	F246L	1.000
12:57465918:T:C	L252P	1.000
12:57466279:T:C	F268L	1.000
12:57466281:C:A	F268L	1.000
12:57466281:C:G	F268L	1.000
12:57466285:T:C	C270R	1.000
12:57466286:G:A	C270Y	1.000
12:57466287:C:G	C270W	1.000
12:57466321:T:C	F282L	1.000
12:57466322:T:C	F282S	1.000
12:57466323:C:A	F282L	1.000
12:57466323:C:G	F282L	1.000
12:57466340:T:C	L288P	1.000
12:57466348:C:G	H291D	1.000
12:57466350:C:A	H291Q	1.000
12:57466350:C:G	H291Q	1.000
12:57466354:C:A	R293S	1.000
12:57466362:C:A	H295Q	1.000
12:57466362:C:G	H295Q	1.000
12:57466384:T:A	C303S	1.000
12:57466384:T:C	C303R	1.000
12:57466385:G:C	C303S	1.000
12:57466386:C:G	C303W	1.000
12:57467342:T:C	C308R	1.000
12:57467354:T:G	Y312D	1.000
12:57467371:C:A	N317K	1.000
12:57467371:C:G	N317K	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000032629 (12:57471809 T>C), RS1000076683 (12:57464244 C>A,T), RS1000458587 (12:57466735 T>C), RS1000611988 (12:57461859 G>A), RS1000688526 (12:57460604 G>A,T), RS1000953316 (12:57463259 C>T), RS1001240520 (12:57467023 A>G), RS1001368145 (12:57462928 A>G), RS1001503309 (12:57461123 C>T), RS1001955078 (12:57468400 A>C,G), RS1001963522 (12:57468750 A>G), RS1002118154 (12:57462225 C>T), RS1002180454 (12:57462172 G>A), RS1002240148 (12:57462408 C>T), RS1002279217 (12:57468691 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:165220 | disease phenotypes: MIM:618123, MIM:174400, MIM:209900

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
polydactyly of a biphalangeal thumb	Strong	Autosomal recessive
polydactyly, postaxial, type A8	Strong	Autosomal recessive
postaxial polydactyly	Strong	Autosomal dominant
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome	Supportive	Autosomal recessive
postaxial polydactyly type A	Supportive	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (8): polydactyly, postaxial, type A8 (MONDO:0029130), polydactyly of a biphalangeal thumb (MONDO:0008269), prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315), Bardet-Biedl syndrome (MONDO:0015229), primary ovarian failure (MONDO:0005387), Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (MONDO:0009162), postaxial polydactyly type A (MONDO:0019673), postaxial polydactyly (MONDO:0020927)

Orphanet (4): Polydactyly of a biphalangeal thumb and/or hallux (Orphanet:93339), Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331), Bardet-Biedl syndrome (Orphanet:110), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Primary ovarian failure (Orphanet:619)

HPO phenotypes

58 total (30 of 58 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000008	Abnormal morphology of female internal genitalia
HP:0000028	Cryptorchidism
HP:0000039	Epispadias
HP:0000047	Hypospadias
HP:0000069	Abnormality of the ureter
HP:0000072	Hydroureter
HP:0000077	Abnormality of the kidney
HP:0000164	Abnormality of the dentition
HP:0000190	Abnormal oral frenulum morphology
HP:0000233	Thin vermilion border
HP:0000486	Strabismus
HP:0000668	Hypodontia
HP:0000684	Delayed eruption of teeth
HP:0000691	Microdontia
HP:0000774	Narrow chest
HP:0000924	Abnormality of the skeletal system
HP:0001161	Hand polydactyly
HP:0001177	Preaxial hand polydactyly
HP:0001231	Abnormal fingernail morphology
HP:0001241	Capitate-hamate fusion
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability
HP:0001508	Failure to thrive
HP:0001511	Intrauterine growth retardation
HP:0001595	Abnormal hair morphology
HP:0001597	Abnormal nail morphology
HP:0001629	Ventricular septal defect
HP:0001631	Atrial septal defect
HP:0001651	Dextrocardia
HP:0001654	Abnormal heart valve morphology

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (5)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D020788	Bardet-Biedl Syndrome	C10.228.140.617.200; C11.270.684.624; C16.131.077.245.125; C16.320.184.125
D004613	Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome	C05.116.099.708.327; C16.131.077.350.398; C16.131.831.350.398; C16.320.850.250.398; C17.800.804.350.398; C17.800.827.250.398
D016649	Primary Ovarian Insufficiency	C12.050.351.500.056.630.750; C12.100.250.056.630.750; C19.391.630.750
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750
C536332	Polydactyly preaxial type 1 (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5461 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 20,430 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

Molecule	Name	Phase	Patents
CHEMBL269277	BETULINIC ACID	1	20,430

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

3 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs2228226	ARHGAP9, GLI1		0.00	0
rs2228224	GLI1		0.00	0
rs2229300	ARHGAP9, GLI1		0.00	0

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

2 measured of 2 human assays (2 total across all organisms); most potent 2 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
NSC-287088	IC50	620 nM
PHYSALIN F	IC50	660 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

24 potent at pChembl≥5 of 39 total, top 24 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
6.22	IC50	600	nM	PHYSALIN B
6.21	IC50	620	nM	PHYSALIN B
6.19	IC50	640	nM	CHEMBL4205868
6.18	IC50	660	nM	PHYSALIN F
6.16	IC50	700	nM	CHEMBL504910
6.16	IC50	700	nM	CHEMBL5281322
6.13	IC50	740	nM	CHEMBL4214812
6.07	IC50	860	nM	CHEMBL4214812
5.96	IC50	1090	nM	CHEMBL4205868
5.80	IC50	1600	nM	CHEMBL1172835
5.75	IC50	1800	nM	STAUROSPORINONE
5.75	IC50	1800	nM	CHEMBL193468
5.75	IC50	1800	nM	ARCYRIAFLAVIN C
5.75	IC50	1800	nM	CHEMBL190546
5.58	IC50	2600	nM	CHEMBL1173148
5.38	IC50	4200	nM	CHEMBL5280113
5.33	IC50	4700	nM	CHEMBL516991
5.30	IC50	5000	nM	CYCLOPAMINE
5.27	IC50	5380	nM	CHEMBL4206226
5.16	IC50	6900	nM	CHEMBL561023
5.15	IC50	7100	nM	ZERUMBONE
5.05	IC50	8980	nM	CHEMBL4206743
5.03	IC50	9400	nM	CHEMBL551292
5.00	IC50	1e+04	nM	CHEMBL4453685

PubChem BioAssay actives

17 with measured affinity, of 178 total; 16 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
(1R,2S,5R,8S,9R,17R,18R,21S,24R,26S,27S)-5-hydroxy-2,9,26-trimethyl-3,19,23,28-tetraoxaoctacyclo[16.9.1.118,27.01,5.02,24.08,17.09,14.021,26]nonacosa-11,14-diene-4,10,22,29-tetrone	1947019: Inhibition of GLI1 (unknown origin) transcriptional activity	ic50	0.6000	uM
(1R,2R,4R,6S,11R,12S,15S,18S,19R,20S,21S,23R,26S)-15-hydroxy-11,18,21-trimethyl-5,17,24,28,29-pentaoxanonacyclo[17.9.1.11,20.02,12.04,6.06,11.015,19.018,23.021,26]triacont-8-ene-10,16,25,30-tetrone	351770: Inhibition of Gli1-mediated transcription expressed in human PANC1 cells	ic50	0.6600	uM
(1R,2S,5R,8S,9S,14R,15R,17R,18R,21S,24R,26S,27S)-14-chloro-5,15-dihydroxy-2,9,26-trimethyl-3,19,23,28-tetraoxaoctacyclo[16.9.1.118,27.01,5.02,24.08,17.09,14.021,26]nonacos-11-ene-4,10,22,29-tetrone	1947019: Inhibition of GLI1 (unknown origin) transcriptional activity	ic50	0.7000	uM
(1R,2R,4R,6S,11R,12S,15R,18S,19R,20S,21S,23R,26S)-15-hydroxy-11,18,21-trimethyl-5,17,24,28,29-pentaoxanonacyclo[17.9.1.11,20.02,12.04,6.06,11.015,19.018,23.021,26]triacont-8-ene-10,16,25,30-tetrone	1947019: Inhibition of GLI1 (unknown origin) transcriptional activity	ic50	0.7000	uM
2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-N-(1H-indol-5-yl)-N-propylpropanamide	491223: Inhibition of human Gli1 expressed in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as inhibition of transcriptional activity after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	ic50	1.6000	uM
6-hydroxy-3,13,23-triazahexacyclo[14.7.0.02,10.04,9.011,15.017,22]tricosa-1,4(9),5,7,10,15,17,19,21-nonaen-12-one	351770: Inhibition of Gli1-mediated transcription expressed in human PANC1 cells	ic50	1.8000	uM
6,7-dihydroxy-3,13,23-triazahexacyclo[14.7.0.02,10.04,9.011,15.017,22]tricosa-1,4,6,8,10,15,17,19,21-nonaene-12,14-dione	351770: Inhibition of Gli1-mediated transcription expressed in human PANC1 cells	ic50	1.8000	uM
3,13,23-triazahexacyclo[14.7.0.02,10.04,9.011,15.017,22]tricosa-1,4,6,8,10,15,17,19,21-nonaen-12-one	351770: Inhibition of Gli1-mediated transcription expressed in human PANC1 cells	ic50	1.8000	uM
6,20-dihydroxy-3,13,23-triazahexacyclo[14.7.0.02,10.04,9.011,15.017,22]tricosa-1,4(9),5,7,10,15,17(22),18,20-nonaene-12,14-dione	351770: Inhibition of Gli1-mediated transcription expressed in human PANC1 cells	ic50	1.8000	uM
2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-N-(1H-indol-6-yl)-N-propylpropanamide	491223: Inhibition of human Gli1 expressed in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells assessed as inhibition of transcriptional activity after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	ic50	2.6000	uM
(1R,2S,5R,8S,9R,17R,18R,21S,24R,26S,27S)-5-hydroxy-2,9,26-trimethyl-3,19,23,28-tetraoxaoctacyclo[16.9.1.118,27.01,5.02,24.08,17.09,14.021,26]nonacosa-12,14-diene-4,10,22,29-tetrone	1947019: Inhibition of GLI1 (unknown origin) transcriptional activity	ic50	4.2000	uM
(1S,13S,15R,18R)-15-methoxy-5,7-dioxa-12-azapentacyclo[10.5.2.01,13.02,10.04,8]nonadeca-2,4(8),9,16-tetraen-18-ol	1947018: Inhibition of GLI1-mediated transcriptional activity in human HaCaT cells coexpressing luciferase	ic50	4.7000	uM
(2S)-2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-propylpropanamide	421257: Inhibition of exogenously transfected human Gli1-mediated transcriptional activity in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	ic50	6.9000	uM
(2E,6E,10E)-2,6,9,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-2,6,10-trien-1-one	351770: Inhibition of Gli1-mediated transcription expressed in human PANC1 cells	ic50	7.1000	uM
(2S)-2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-N,N-bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]propanamide	421257: Inhibition of exogenously transfected human Gli1-mediated transcriptional activity in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	ic50	9.4000	uM
N,N-dimethyldiazinane-3-carboxamide	1632437: Inhibition of Shh-N-induced Gli1 (unknown origin) expressed in mouse Shh Light2 cells assessed as Gli1-mediated mediated transcription incubated for 30 hrs by firefly luciferase assay	ic50	10.0000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

76 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression, increases response to substance, decreases reaction, increases expression	6
GANT 61	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression	4
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	4
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases activity	4
cyclopamine	affects expression, decreases reaction, increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	3
HhAntag691	decreases reaction, affects cotreatment, affects reaction, decreases expression, increases expression (+1 more)	3
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation	3
bisphenol A	decreases expression, increases expression	2
salinomycin	decreases expression	2
bisphenol S	decreases expression	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction	2
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Cadmium Chloride	increases abundance, increases expression, affects reaction, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Particulate Matter	increases abundance, decreases expression	2
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
pralsetinib	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases localization, increases phosphorylation	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
lead acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
embelin	decreases expression	1
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate	decreases expression	1
chromous chloride	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
ipriflavone	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression	1
chromic oxide	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
nickel monoxide	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
ferrous chloride	decreases expression	1
evodiamine	increases expression	1
icariin	increases reaction, affects binding	1

ChEMBL screening assays

44 unique, capped per target: 44 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1026025	Binding	Inhibition of exogenously transfected human Gli1-mediated transcriptional activity in mouse C3H10T1/2 cells after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	Structure-activity relationships and cancer-cell selective toxicity of novel inhibitors of glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (Gli1) mediated transcription. — J Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

8 cell lines: 4 cancer cell line, 3 embryonic stem cell, 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_A2G6	SEES3-1V human GLI1, clone1	Embryonic stem cell	Male
CVCL_A2G7	SEES3-1V human GLI1, clone2	Embryonic stem cell	Male
CVCL_A2G8	SEES3-1V human GLI1, clone3	Embryonic stem cell	Male
CVCL_B7U6	e-hMEC-1	Transformed cell line
CVCL_B8WA	Abcam MCF-7 GLI1 KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_B9J2	Abcam A-549 GLI1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D7QN	Ubigene A-549 GLI1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D8LX	Ubigene HCT 116 GLI1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00029224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT00293696	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Casodex/Zoladex Biomarkers in Localised Prostate Cancer
NCT00334139	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Metabolism in Patients With Bone Metastasis and Prostate or Breast Cancer
NCT00375765	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects On Dihydrotestosterone Regulated Gene Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Or Prostate Cancer
NCT00391690	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Markers as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT00422708	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Local Anesthesia for Prostate Biopsy
NCT00526331	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00590213	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Compare the Value of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Breast Radiotherapy in CASODEX
NCT00629330	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Dissemination of Prostate Cancer Screening to PCP’s in African American Communities
NCT00771966	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Radical Prostatectomy and Perioperative Fluid Therapy
NCT00805701	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Assessing The Efficacy And Safety Of Avodart (Dutasteride) At Improving Urinary Symptoms In Men With Prostate Cancer Who Are Undergoing Seed Implantation
NCT00859027	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Risedronate On Bone Mass In Older Men Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy For Prostate Cancer
NCT00906269	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Improve Erectile Function Following Surgery for Prostate Cancer
NCT00953277	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Nerve Reconstruction Using AVANCE in Subjects Who Undergo Robotic Assisted Prostatectomy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
NCT00982800	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Does Postoperative Gabapentin Reduce Pain, Opioid Consumption and Anxiety and Have a Positive Effect on Health Related Quality of Life After Radical Prostatectomy?
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