GLRX2

Summary

GLRX2 (glutaredoxin 2, HGNC:16065) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q31.2, encoding Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial (Q9NS18). Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates the maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis upon induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress.

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glutaredoxin family of proteins, which maintain cellular thiol homeostasis. These proteins are thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases that use a glutathione-binding site and one or two active cysteines in their active site. This gene undergoes alternative splicing to produce multiple isoforms, one of which is ubiquitously expressed and localizes to mitochondria, where it functions in mitochondrial redox homeostasis and is important for the protection against and recovery from oxidative stress. Other isoforms, which have more restrictive expression patterns, show cytosolic and nuclear localization, and are thought to function in cellular differentiation and transformation, possibly with a role in tumor progression.

Source: NCBI Gene 51022 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 25 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_197962

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:16065
Approved symbol	GLRX2
Name	glutaredoxin 2
Location	1q31.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	GRX2, bA101E13.1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000023572
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606820
Entrez	51022

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 2 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000367439, ENST00000367440, ENST00000472197, ENST00000608166

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_197962 NM_001243399, NM_016066, NM_197962

CCDS: CCDS1380, CCDS1381

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000367439 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001444503	193105264	193105414
ENSE00003574589	193101141	193101204
ENSE00003691498	193097584	193097760
ENSE00003901270	193096470	193096759

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 287 present calls, max score 98.25.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 31.4971 / max 253.1374, expressed in 1821 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
16452	31.4495	1821
16454	0.0440	5
16453	0.0036	2

Top tissues by expression

288 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sperm	CL:0000019	98.25	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	96.37	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	94.56	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	94.42	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	93.80	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	93.67	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	93.41	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	92.95	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	92.83	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	92.61	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	92.57	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	92.52	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	92.38	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	92.17	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	91.84	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	91.66	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	91.54	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	91.16	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	91.09	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	91.06	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	90.80	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	90.69	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	90.64	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	90.33	gold quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	90.31	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	90.29	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	90.24	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	90.04	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	89.94	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	89.93	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.87
E-MTAB-4850	no	234.44

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

8 targeting GLRX2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4778-3P	99.93	70.40	1818
HSA-MIR-3617-5P	99.75	69.41	1968
HSA-MIR-641	99.75	69.35	1975
HSA-MIR-4666B	99.64	68.69	1282
HSA-MIR-6853-3P	99.36	70.79	1558
HSA-MIR-371A-5P	99.08	66.51	1914
HSA-MIR-1255B-2-3P	97.80	67.04	880
HSA-MIR-5196-3P	97.57	65.98	979

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 22)

• results suggest an important role for glutaredoxin 2 in protection and recovery from oxidative stress (PMID:14676218)
• Grx1 and Grx2 were present in placenta extracts and in cell lysates prepared from tumor cell lines; however, the levels of Grx1 were at least 20 times higher than those of Grx2; Grx2 was not detected in plasma from healthy blood donors (PMID:15184054)
• Lung cells can synthesize Grx2 mRNA and protein. (PMID:15297967)
• characterization of Grx2 as an iron-sulfur center-containing member of the thioredoxin fold protein family (PMID:15917333)
• Grx2 has a novel function as a peroxidase, accepting electrons both from GSH and TR. This unique property may play a role in protecting the mitochondria from oxidative damage. (PMID:17065220)
• The iron-sulfur cluster is complexed by the two N-terminal active site thiols of two Grx2 monomers and two molecules of glutathione that are bound noncovalently to the proteins and in equilibrium with glutathione in solution. (PMID:17115894)
• Eficence of an iron-sulfur cluster in which binding of the cluster inactivates the protein by sequestering active site residues and where loss of the cluster through changes in subcellular redox status creates a catalytically active protein. (PMID:17121859)
• Human Grx2 is found to be a conserved feature within the deuterostomes and appears to be the only additional conserved intramolecular disulfide within the glutaredoxins. (PMID:17546662)
• Grx2 is constitutively expressed in both neuron and glia in mouse and human brain including the neurons in human substantia nigra. (PMID:17961515)
• Grx1 and Grx2 exhibit key catalytic similarities, including selectivity for protein-SSG substrates and a nucleophilic, double-displacement, monothiol mechanism exhibiting a strong commitment to catalysis. (PMID:18816065)
• cluster signal of Grx2 is stable at positive potentials up to 0.5 V but that cluster destruction occurs readily when oxidative pulses in excess of this value are applied (PMID:19292455)
• Studies indicate that the mechanism of Grx2 protection against H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis is likely associated with its ability to preserve complex I. (PMID:20547138)
• Both thioredoxin 2 and glutaredoxin 2 contribute to the reduction of the mitochondrial 2-Cys peroxiredoxin Prx3. (PMID:20929858)
• Exchange of [2Fe-2S] centers between glutaredoxin 2 and the cluster scaffold protein ISU, supports a direct link for glutaredoxin 2 and glutathione involvement in ISU promoted Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. (PMID:21437321)
• These results suggest that Grx2a plays proliferative and anti-apoptotic roles under serum deprivation. (PMID:21735102)
• Grx2 thiol redox regulation is essential for vertebrate embryonic development (PMID:22139372)
• The Grx2 system could help to keep Trx2/1 reduced during an oxidative stress, thereby contributing to the anti-apoptotic signaling. (PMID:24295294)
• Grx2 and Trx1 contribute significantly to neuronal integrity and could be clinically relevant in neuronal damage following perinatal asphyxia and other neuronal disorders. (PMID:25735211)
• Study shows that Grx2 detoxifies *NO in mature oligodendrocytes and oligodendroglial precursor cellsvia the formation of dinitrosyl-iron-complexes, inhibiting the formation of harmful peroxynitrite and reducing subsequent oligodendroglial damage. Findings link inorganic biochemistry to neuroinflammation and identify glutaredoxin 2 as a protective factor against neuroinflammation-mediated myelin damage. (PMID:28618115)
• GRX2 is important in the control of cardiac mitochondrial structure and function, and protects against human cardiac pathologies. (PMID:29101900)
• By sensing the overall cellular redox conditions, mitochondrial Grx2 dimers become active monomers upon oxidative stress induced by sodium selenite with the consequent release of the iron-sulfur cluster, leading to activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. (PMID:31168542)
• Glutaredoxin 2 Protein (Grx2) as an Independent Prognostic Factor Associated with the Survival of Colon Adenocarcinoma Patients. (PMID:38256132)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	glrx2	ENSDARG00000100944
rattus_norvegicus	Glrx2	ENSRNOG00000003385
drosophila_melanogaster	Grx1t	FBGN0034658
drosophila_melanogaster	Grx1	FBGN0036820
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00017340

Paralogs (2): GRXCR2 (ENSG00000204928), GRXCR1 (ENSG00000215203)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial — Q9NS18 (reviewed: Q9NS18)

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9NS18

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates the maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis upon induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Involved in response to hydrogen peroxide and regulation of apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. Acts as a very efficient catalyst of monothiol reactions because of its high affinity for protein glutathione-mixed disulfides. Can receive electrons not only from glutathione (GSH), but also from thioredoxin reductase supporting both monothiol and dithiol reactions. Efficiently catalyzes both glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of mitochondrial complex I, which in turn regulates the superoxide production by the complex. Overexpression decreases the susceptibility to apoptosis and prevents loss of cardiolipin and cytochrome c release.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer; active form. Homodimer; inactive form. The homodimer is probably linked by 1 2Fe-2S cluster.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed. Expressed in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, colon, thymus, spleen, kidney, liver, small intestine, placenta and lung. Not expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes.

Activity regulation. The 2Fe-2S present in the homodimer leads to inactivation of the enzyme. The 2Fe-2S may serve as a redox sensor: the presence of one-electron oxidants or reductants leading to the loss of the 2Fe-2S cluster, subsequent monomerization and activation of the enzyme. Unlike other glutaredoxins, it is not inhibited by oxidation of structural Cys residues.

Miscellaneous. The absence of GLRX2 dramatically sensitizes cells to cell death induced by doxorubicin/adriamycin and phenylarsine oxide.

Similarity. Belongs to the glutaredoxin family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9NS18-1	1, Grx2a	yes
Q9NS18-2	2, Grx2b

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001230328, NP_057150, NP_932066* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002109	Glutaredoxin	Domain
IPR011899	Glutaredoxin_euk/vir	Domain
IPR014025	Glutaredoxin_subgr	Domain
IPR036249	Thioredoxin-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00462

UniProt features (30 total): helix 7, strand 5, binding site 5, mutagenesis site 4, sequence variant 2, modified residue 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, disulfide bond 1, splice variant 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2HT9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
2FLS	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.05
2CQ9	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NS18-F1	83.48	0.65

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (5): 68 (in inactive form); 74; 109; 121; 153 (in inactive form)

Post-translational modifications (2): 20, 77

Disulfide bonds (1): 77–80

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (4):

Position	Phenotype
68	abolishes absorption at 320 nm and 420 nm suggesting the loss of 2fe-2s-binding.
78	specifically increases the specific activity but decreases affinity for glutathionylated substrates.
80	strongly impairs enzymatic activity.
153	abolishes absorption at 320 nm and 420 nm suggesting the loss of 2fe-2s-binding.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 129 (showing top): RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_UP, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, JAZAG_TGFB1_SIGNALING_DN, ONKEN_UVEAL_MELANOMA_UP, GOBP_CELL_REDOX_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_AMIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, JAZAG_TGFB1_SIGNALING_VIA_SMAD4_UP, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ABIOTIC_STIMULUS, GOBP_GLUTATHIONE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, BASAKI_YBX1_TARGETS_UP, CUI_TCF21_TARGETS_2_DN, GOBP_MODIFIED_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_REDOX_STATE, NAKAMURA_TUMOR_ZONE_PERIPHERAL_VS_CENTRAL_UP, GOBP_HOMEOSTATIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (9): regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), response to temperature stimulus (GO:0009266), regulation of signal transduction (GO:0009966), cell differentiation (GO:0030154), DNA protection (GO:0042262), cell redox homeostasis (GO:0045454), response to redox state (GO:0051775)

GO Molecular Function (9): protein disulfide isomerase activity (GO:0003756), arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity (GO:0008794), electron transfer activity (GO:0009055), protein-disulfide reductase activity (GO:0015035), glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity (GO:0015038), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding (GO:0051537), protein binding (GO:0005515), iron-sulfur cluster binding (GO:0051536)

GO Cellular Component (3): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), mitochondrion (GO:0005739)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
catalytic activity, acting on a protein	2
disulfide oxidoreductase activity	2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
modified amino acid metabolic process	1
sulfur compound metabolic process	1
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
response to abiotic stimulus	1
signal transduction	1
regulation of cell communication	1
regulation of signaling	1
regulation of response to stimulus	1
cellular developmental process	1
DNA metabolic process	1
cellular response to stress	1
cellular homeostasis	1
response to stimulus	1
intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing S-S bonds	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, disulfide as acceptor	1
molecular_function	1
cation binding	1
iron-sulfur cluster binding	1
binding	1
metal cluster binding	1
nuclear lumen	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2157 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GLRX2	GLRX3	O76003	844
GLRX2	TXN	P10599	769
GLRX2	GLRX5	Q86SX6	766
GLRX2	TXN2	Q99757	743
GLRX2	TXNRD2	Q9NNW7	688
GLRX2	GSR	P00390	649
GLRX2	PRDX3	P30048	642
GLRX2	PRDX5	P30044	604
GLRX2	GPX4	P36969	547
GLRX2	ISCU	Q9H1K1	537
GLRX2	SOD1	P00441	528
GLRX2	PRDX4	Q13162	526
GLRX2	GPX2	P18283	519
GLRX2	GPX3	P22352	517
GLRX2	F5H3C5	F5H3C5	511

IntAct

8 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
DCXR	GLRX2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GLRX2	ELF5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SFXN1	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
GLRX2	DCXR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GLRX2	ELF5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (15): GLRX2 (Co-fractionation), GLRX2 (Co-fractionation), MDH2 (Co-fractionation), PITPNB (Co-fractionation), GLRX2 (Biochemical Activity), GLRX2 (Biochemical Activity), GLRX2 (Proximity Label-MS), ELF5 (Two-hybrid), DCXR (Two-hybrid), GLRX2 (Affinity Capture-MS), GLRX2 (Co-fractionation), GLRX2 (Co-fractionation), GLRX2 (Co-fractionation), GLRX2 (Co-fractionation), GLRX2 (Affinity Capture-Luminescence)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2ZVG7, A8J353, B4H303, B4NE93, B5DKJ8, F4KF14, O22993, O23403, O48529, O49078, O49196, O49292, O64903, O81027, O81263, P13272, P24493, P27626, P54150, P54151, P60315, Q00497, Q10BX9, Q38853, Q42805, Q42836, Q5NTH3, Q5NTH4, Q5RC53, Q5VRL3, Q6H6R9, Q7X7H9, Q8GY88, Q8SY96, Q8VXV7, Q8W4D6, Q944S1, Q94JS0, Q94LA4, Q9AT00

Diamond homologs: A0A7H0DN48, O36032, P0DOQ9, P0DOR0, P10575, P12309, P12864, P35754, P38068, P68690, P68691, P68692, P79764, Q32L67, Q5RC53, Q6AXW1, Q6RZN3, Q76ZV3, Q775X4, Q77TL9, Q80E01, Q8JLF5, Q8QMY9, Q8V2V1, Q923X4, Q9ESH6, Q9FVX1, Q9JVU9, Q9JY15, Q9NS18, Q9QUH0, Q9UTI2, B7ZFT1, O05957, O23417, O23419, O23420, O23421, O81187, O82255

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

25 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	19
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

607 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:193096760:CTGTT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:193096761:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:193097580:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
1:193097581:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
1:193097582:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193097582:ACAGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
1:193097583:C:CG	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193097583:CA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193097583:CAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193097583:CAGT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193097583:CAGTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193097756:GTTTC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:193097757:TTTC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:193097759:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:193097759:TCC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:193097760:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:193097760:CCT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:193097761:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:193097761:CTGAA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:193097762:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:193101131:CATCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193101135:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193101136:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193101136:CTCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193101137:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
1:193101138:CAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
1:193101139:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193101139:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
1:193101140:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
1:193101140:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1068 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:193096743:A:T	V126D	0.993
1:193096745:A:C	F125L	0.993
1:193096745:A:T	F125L	0.993
1:193096747:A:G	F125L	0.993
1:193096749:A:T	I124K	0.993
1:193096758:A:T	V121D	0.992
1:193096683:A:G	L146S	0.991
1:193097727:A:G	S73P	0.990
1:193096749:A:C	I124R	0.988
1:193097704:A:C	C80W	0.988
1:193097728:G:C	F72L	0.987
1:193097728:G:T	F72L	0.987
1:193097730:A:G	F72L	0.987
1:193096755:G:T	P122Q	0.985
1:193097729:A:G	F72S	0.985
1:193096746:A:G	F125S	0.984
1:193097723:T:A	K74I	0.984
1:193096725:C:T	G132E	0.983
1:193097738:A:T	V69E	0.982
1:193096746:A:C	F125C	0.980
1:193096755:G:C	P122R	0.980
1:193097648:A:G	L99P	0.980
1:193097684:A:G	F87S	0.979
1:193097715:A:G	C77R	0.979
1:193096756:G:A	P122S	0.978
1:193097609:A:G	L112P	0.978
1:193097609:A:T	L112H	0.977
1:193097705:C:T	C80Y	0.977
1:193097732:A:T	I71N	0.977
1:193096701:A:G	L140P	0.976

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000203072 (1:193107624 C>A,G,T), RS1000217073 (1:193101683 G>A), RS1000660422 (1:193096335 T>C), RS1000776735 (1:193103496 T>A,C), RS1000956560 (1:193103152 C>A,T), RS1001312213 (1:193107576 A>G), RS1001518021 (1:193102992 T>C,G), RS1001649998 (1:193096001 T>A,G), RS1002248546 (1:193101483 A>G), RS1002259628 (1:193106756 A>C,G), RS1002336274 (1:193098235 T>A,C), RS1002452439 (1:193097998 A>C), RS1002581982 (1:193104420 A>G), RS1002589853 (1:193105519 C>A,T), RS1002621029 (1:193099232 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606820 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

44 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	7
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	2
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, increases methylation	2
Cisplatin	decreases expression, affects response to substance	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
potassium perchlorate	decreases expression	1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
cupric chloride	increases expression	1
dibenzo(a,l)pyrene	decreases expression	1
epigallocatechin gallate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
K 7174	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-ylthieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine	decreases expression, increases response to substance	1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid	decreases expression	1
Resveratrol	increases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Aerosols	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Cannabidiol	increases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B1SY	Abcam HeLa GLRX2 KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.