GLYATL2

Summary

GLYATL2 (glycine-N-acyltransferase like 2, HGNC:24178) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11q12.1, encoding Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2 (Q8WU03). Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine.

Enables glycine N-acyltransferase activity. Involved in long-chain fatty acid catabolic process; medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process; and monounsaturated fatty acid catabolic process. Located in endoplasmic reticulum.

Source: NCBI Gene 219970 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 63 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_145016

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:24178
Approved symbol	GLYATL2
Name	glycine-N-acyltransferase like 2
Location	11q12.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	BXMAS2-10, MGC24009
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000156689
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	614762
Entrez	219970

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 2 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000287275, ENST00000532258, ENST00000533636

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_145016 NM_145016

CCDS: CCDS41649

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000287275 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001133084	58834065	58834837
ENSE00001133132	58839535	58839652
ENSE00001276934	58844434	58844704
ENSE00003542599	58838261	58838368
ENSE00003585866	58837015	58837177
ENSE00003614623	58837271	58837397

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 146 present calls, max score 85.03.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.1242 / max 50.1416, expressed in 27 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
119833	0.0910	18
119832	0.0333	10

Top tissues by expression

235 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	85.03	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	79.92	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	79.88	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	79.53	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	78.45	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	74.77	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	74.62	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	71.97	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	69.43	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	69.23	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	68.76	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	67.22	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	66.30	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	66.25	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	66.08	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	65.97	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	65.85	silver quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	64.79	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	61.93	gold quality
mammary gland	UBERON:0001911	61.15	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	61.06	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	58.92	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	57.86	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	57.62	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	57.51	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	57.25	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	55.76	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	55.67	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	55.65	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	55.51	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-114	yes	17.83
E-HCAD-1	yes	9.51
E-ANND-3	yes	4.23

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

38 targeting GLYATL2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-335-3P	99.93	73.36	4958
HSA-MIR-218-5P	99.93	72.22	2103
HSA-MIR-548E-5P	99.89	72.73	4486
HSA-MIR-548AR-3P	99.85	71.26	3889
HSA-MIR-548AZ-5P	99.83	69.94	3230
HSA-MIR-548T-5P	99.83	69.91	3220
HSA-MIR-5010-3P	99.83	70.60	2357
HSA-MIR-548AZ-3P	99.82	70.56	3549
HSA-MIR-548BC	99.82	70.61	3524
HSA-MIR-548E-3P	99.82	70.59	3514
HSA-MIR-548F-3P	99.82	70.59	3540
HSA-MIR-548A-3P	99.76	70.58	3524
HSA-MIR-33A-3P	99.70	70.27	3362
HSA-MIR-7154-5P	99.69	70.52	1900
HSA-MIR-12124	99.68	69.17	2700
HSA-MIR-2113	99.58	71.22	1521
HSA-MIR-3609	99.52	69.89	2587
HSA-MIR-548AH-5P	99.52	69.73	2626
HSA-MIR-4672	99.50	71.58	2893
HSA-MIR-203A-3P	99.49	70.56	2806
HSA-MIR-548G-3P	99.48	68.67	2159
HSA-MIR-4735-5P	99.43	68.49	1780
HSA-MIR-183-3P	99.41	69.41	1598
HSA-MIR-6770-5P	98.97	66.76	1853
HSA-MIR-1262	98.17	66.52	757
HSA-MIR-4701-3P	98.17	66.25	788
HSA-MIR-6736-5P	98.17	66.43	760

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• report on the characterization of human glycine N-acyltransferase-like 2 (hGLYATL2) and show that it synthesizes various N-acyl glycines. (PMID:20305126)
• acetylation of lysine(s) in hGLYATL2 regulates the enzyme activity, thus linking post-translational modification of proteins with the production of biological signaling molecules, the N-acyl glycines. (PMID:22408254)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	si:dkey-76k16.5	ENSDARG00000075561
danio_rerio	si:dkey-76k16.6	ENSDARG00000077481
danio_rerio	si:ch73-106k19.2	ENSDARG00000102568
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00011681
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018400
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00022683

Paralogs (4): GLYAT (ENSG00000149124), GLYATL1 (ENSG00000166840), GLYATL3 (ENSG00000203972), GLYATL1B (ENSG00000255151)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2 — Q8WU03 (reviewed: Q8WU03)

Alternative names: Acyl-CoA:glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2

All UniProt accessions (1): Q8WU03

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine. Conjugates numerous substrates, such as arachidonoyl-CoA and saturated medium and long-chain acyl-CoAs ranging from chain-length C8:0-CoA to C18:0-CoA, to form a variety of N-acylglycines. Shows a preference for monounsaturated fatty acid oleoyl-CoA (C18:1-CoA) as an acyl donor. Does not exhibit any activity toward C22:6-CoA and chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA, nor toward serine or alanine.

Subcellular location. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Tissue specificity. Expressed at highest levels in salivary gland and trachea. Also detected in thyroid gland, spinal cord, prostate, lung and fetal brain.

Post-translational modifications. Acetylation at Lys-19 drastically decreases the production of N-oleoyl and N-arachidonoyl glycines.

Similarity. Belongs to the glycine N-acyltransferase family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_659453* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR010313	Glycine_N-acyltransferase	Family
IPR013652	Glycine_N-acyltransferase_C	Domain
IPR015938	Glycine_N-acyltransferase_N	Domain
IPR016181	Acyl_CoA_acyltransferase	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF06021, PF08444

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.3.1.13 — glycine N-acyltransferase (BRENDA: 7 organisms, 40 substrates, 29 inhibitors, 71 Km, 14 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

16 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
BENZOYL-COA	0.0094–998	28
GLYCINE	0.0016–79	19
BUTYRYL-COA	0.052–0.7	3
SALICYL-COA	0.03–83.7	3
ACETYL-COA	0.209	2
ALANINE	997–1573	2
HEXANOYL-COA	0.045–450	2
ISOVALERYL-COA	73.3–124	2
OCTANOYL-COA	108.6–198	2
ASPARAGINE	129	1
GLUTAMIC ACID	1150	1
GLUTAMINE	353	1
GLYCINE ETHYL ESTER	9.7	1
GLYCINE METHYL ESTER	29	1
OLEOYL-COA	0.0044	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 11 shown:

• an acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-acylglycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:19869)
• (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)glycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:51272)
• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:51364)
• octadecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octadecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:51368)
• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:51372)
• octanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-octanoylglycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:64240)
• a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:64244)
• decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:64248)
• tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:64252)
• dodecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-dodecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:64256)
• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+) (RHEA:64260)

UniProt features (7 total): sequence variant 3, sequence conflict 2, chain 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8WU03-F1	89.92	0.78

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 19

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-159424	Conjugation of carboxylic acids
R-HSA-177128	Conjugation of salicylate with glycine
R-HSA-177135	Conjugation of benzoate with glycine
R-HSA-9749641	Aspirin ADME

MSigDB gene sets: 55 (showing top): GOBP_FATTY_ACID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, REACTOME_BIOLOGICAL_OXIDATIONS, GOBP_LONG_CHAIN_FATTY_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_LIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_SMALL_MOLECULE_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_LIPID_CATABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_FATTY_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOMF_ACYLTRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY, TAKEDA_TARGETS_OF_NUP98_HOXA9_FUSION_6HR_UP, GOMF_N_ACYLTRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY, REACTOME_PHASE_II_CONJUGATION_OF_COMPOUNDS

GO Biological Process (4): long-chain fatty acid catabolic process (GO:0042758), medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process (GO:0051793), monounsaturated fatty acid catabolic process (GO:1903965), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629)

GO Molecular Function (3): glycine N-acyltransferase activity (GO:0047961), transferase activity (GO:0016740), acyltransferase activity (GO:0016746)

GO Cellular Component (2): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Conjugation of carboxylic acids	2
Amino Acid conjugation	1
Drug ADME	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
fatty acid catabolic process	3
cytoplasm	2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
long-chain fatty acid metabolic process	1
medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process	1
monounsaturated fatty acid metabolic process	1
primary metabolic process	1
amino acid acyltransferase activity	1
catalytic activity	1
transferase activity	1
endomembrane system	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

540 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GLYATL2	MUCL1	Q96DR8	477
GLYATL2	SUSD3	Q96L08	398
GLYATL2	ZNF772	Q68DY9	395
GLYATL2	FAM43B	Q6ZT52	391
GLYATL2	FBXW10B	O95170	387
GLYATL2	LIPK	Q5VXJ0	382
GLYATL2	TMBIM1	Q969X1	366
GLYATL2	SUOX	P51687	350
GLYATL2	PLA1A	Q53H76	327
GLYATL2	GAL3ST3	Q96A11	320
GLYATL2	ZNF418	Q8TF45	314
GLYATL2	STOML1	Q9UBI4	312
GLYATL2	FKBP10	Q96AY3	310
GLYATL2	AGR3	Q8TD06	306
GLYATL2	RAVER2	Q9HCJ3	303

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0U1RQE8, F1S5L4, O43010, O77512, P06592, P13233, P14714, P42498, P49895, P55004, P97564, Q07071, Q09305, Q0P464, Q0P4Y1, Q1LYL8, Q2KHV5, Q2KIR7, Q3UW68, Q5BK10, Q5FW57, Q5GJ77, Q5PQT3, Q5RFP0, Q60462, Q61586, Q62240, Q64112, Q6IB77, Q6MZZ7, Q6P5U7, Q6QN13, Q6QR59, Q6V915, Q7L7V1, Q804E1, Q8CBA2, Q8T773, Q8WU03, Q91754

Diamond homologs: A0A0U1RQE8, E9Q5L8, O77512, Q2KIR7, Q5FW57, Q5PQT3, Q5RFP0, Q5SZD4, Q6IB77, Q8WU03, Q91XE0, Q969I3, Q9DCY0, Q9Z2Y0

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

63 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	56
Likely benign	4
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

821 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:58837013:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:58837014:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
11:58837178:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:58838255:TCCTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
11:58838256:CCTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:58838257:CTACC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:58837056:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9900
11:58837057:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9900
11:58837174:CAAC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:58837178:C:CA	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:58837179:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:58837401:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:58838364:TATAC:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:58838366:TACC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:58838367:ACCT:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:58838369:C:CA	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:58838370:T:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
11:58838372:CGA:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:58838374:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
11:58839529:CGTTA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
11:58839530:GTTA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
11:58839531:TTACC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
11:58839532:TACCT:T	donor_loss	0.9900
11:58839533:A:T	donor_loss	0.9900
11:58839534:CCTT:C	donor_loss	0.9900
11:58834833:CTTCC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
11:58837053:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9800
11:58837058:T:C	donor_gain	0.9800
11:58837398:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9800
11:58838366:TAC:T	acceptor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

1977 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
11:58838302:A:G	W49R	0.974
11:58838302:A:T	W49R	0.974
11:58838283:A:T	V55D	0.972
11:58837350:G:C	F78L	0.971
11:58837350:G:T	F78L	0.971
11:58837352:A:G	F78L	0.971
11:58834674:A:G	W214R	0.962
11:58834674:A:T	W214R	0.962
11:58838274:C:G	R58P	0.961
11:58834750:G:C	S188R	0.955
11:58834750:G:T	S188R	0.955
11:58834752:T:G	S188R	0.955
11:58834458:A:G	W286R	0.954
11:58834458:A:T	W286R	0.954
11:58838327:G:C	F40L	0.954
11:58838327:G:T	F40L	0.954
11:58838329:A:G	F40L	0.954
11:58834456:C:A	W286C	0.947
11:58834456:C:G	W286C	0.947
11:58837276:A:G	I103T	0.939
11:58839535:C:A	K26N	0.939
11:58839535:C:G	K26N	0.939
11:58837293:C:A	W97C	0.937
11:58837293:C:G	W97C	0.937
11:58837295:A:G	W97R	0.931
11:58837295:A:T	W97R	0.931
11:58834467:A:G	W283R	0.929
11:58834467:A:T	W283R	0.929
11:58839543:A:G	S24P	0.925
11:58838300:C:A	W49C	0.917

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000138727 (11:58909709 C>T), RS1000168154 (11:58907261 C>T), RS1000222601 (11:58877959 A>G), RS1000273901 (11:58911753 C>T), RS1000313982 (11:58871027 A>G), RS1000321676 (11:58842597 C>T), RS1000405222 (11:58870717 C>T), RS1000406965 (11:58858257 C>A,T), RS1000421168 (11:58874698 T>C), RS1000465179 (11:58877697 T>A,C,G), RS1000513893 (11:58854290 T>C), RS1000559076 (11:58905728 T>A), RS1000608250 (11:58874413 C>T), RS1000614171 (11:58897918 C>T), RS1000621711 (11:58869065 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:614762 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

12 total (human), top 12 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
nickel sulfate	decreases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases methylation	1
theaflavin-3,3’-digallate	affects expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression	1
Folic Acid	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Vanadates	increases expression	1
Antirheumatic Agents	increases expression	1
Acrylamide	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.