GNGT1

Summary

GNGT1 (G protein subunit gamma transducin 1, HGNC:4411) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q21.3, encoding Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 (P63211). Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems.

This gene encodes the gamma subunit of transducin, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) that is found in rod outer segments. Transducin, also known as GMPase, mediates the activation of a cyclic GTP-specific (guanosine monophosphate) phosphodiesterase by rhodopsin.

Source: NCBI Gene 2792 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 12
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 11 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_021955

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:4411
Approved symbol	GNGT1
Name	G protein subunit gamma transducin 1
Location	7q21.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	GNG1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000127928
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	189970
Entrez	2792

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 6 protein_coding

ENST00000248572, ENST00000428834, ENST00000429473, ENST00000430875, ENST00000455502, ENST00000926552

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_021955 NM_001329426, NM_021955

CCDS: CCDS5633

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000248572 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000877338	93906736	93906842
ENSE00001086621	93910790	93911265
ENSE00001274812	93906567	93906644

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 52 present calls, max score 97.70.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 2.9374 / max 1920.5450, expressed in 20 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
79573	2.9302	20
79572	0.0072	5

Top tissues by expression

232 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	97.70	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	89.21	silver quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	78.12	silver quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	77.85	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	75.88	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	74.11	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	73.35	silver quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	70.62	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	70.36	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	56.57	silver quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	56.55	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	55.46	silver quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	53.48	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	52.49	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	52.47	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	52.43	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	51.50	silver quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	50.88	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	50.79	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	50.62	silver quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	50.18	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	50.08	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	49.30	gold quality
blood vessel layer	UBERON:0004797	49.29	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	49.20	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	48.92	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	48.87	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	48.83	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	48.82	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	48.73	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 5.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-7316	yes	23100.57
E-GEOD-137537	yes	7507.00
E-GEOD-135922	yes	6404.73
E-GEOD-98556	yes	2041.73
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CRX

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

20 targeting GNGT1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-302C-5P	99.97	72.56	3642
HSA-MIR-4760-3P	99.93	70.50	2385
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-182-5P	99.87	74.03	2589
HSA-MIR-4503	99.85	71.45	1869
HSA-MIR-3133	99.81	70.92	3506
HSA-MIR-1244	99.33	68.38	832
HSA-MIR-16-2-3P	99.29	70.60	1954
HSA-MIR-195-3P	99.29	70.61	1954
HSA-MIR-5584-3P	99.23	68.79	1351
HSA-MIR-4477A	98.83	69.75	2952
HSA-MIR-4703-5P	98.53	70.13	1645
HSA-MIR-3942-5P	98.52	69.51	1517
HSA-MIR-633	98.35	69.45	1167
HSA-MIR-4511	98.32	67.97	1500
HSA-MIR-1279	97.83	67.50	1898
HSA-MIR-376C-3P	97.63	68.88	1263
HSA-MIR-3972	97.19	66.46	808
HSA-MIR-1202	97.19	66.43	827

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• G protein betagamma subunits stimulate type V and VI adenylyl cyclases (PMID:17110384)
• Gbetagamma mediates UVB-induced human keratinocyte apoptosis by augmenting the ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF, which sequentially activates EGFR and p38 (PMID:17548351)
• Gbetagamma subunits enter in a protein complex with activated Rap1a and its effector Radil; this complex is required downstream of receptor stimulation for the activation of integrins and the positive modulation of cell-matrix adhesiveness. (PMID:20048162)
• WDR26 is a novel Gbetagamma-binding protein that is required for the efficacy of Gbetagamma signaling and leukocyte migration (PMID:22065575)
• During corticogenesis, a cilium-transduced, noncanonical IGF-1R-Gbetagamma-phospho(T94)Tctex-1 signaling pathway promotes the proliferation of neural progenitors through modulation of ciliary resorption and G1 length. (PMID:23954591)
• PhLP1 binding stabilizes the Gbeta fold, disrupting interactions with CCT and releasing a PhLP1-Gbeta dimer for assembly with Ggamma. (PMID:25675501)
• Suggest Gbeta4gamma1 as a modulator of M3 muscarinic receptor signaling. (PMID:25916507)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gngt1	ENSDARG00000035798
mus_musculus	Gngt1	ENSMUSG00000029663
rattus_norvegicus	Gngt1	ENSRNOG00000010546
drosophila_melanogaster	Ggamma1	FBGN0004921

Paralogs (11): GNG11 (ENSG00000127920), GNG5B (ENSG00000133136), GNG3 (ENSG00000162188), GNGT2 (ENSG00000167083), GNG8 (ENSG00000167414), GNG4 (ENSG00000168243), GNG12 (ENSG00000172380), GNG5 (ENSG00000174021), GNG7 (ENSG00000176533), GNG2 (ENSG00000186469), GNG10 (ENSG00000242616)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 — P63211 (reviewed: P63211)

Alternative names: Transducin gamma chain

All UniProt accessions (2): P63211, C9JGI9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction.

Subunit / interactions. G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Retinal rod outer segment.

Similarity. Belongs to the G protein gamma family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001316355, NP_068774* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001770	G-protein_gamma	Family
IPR015898	G-protein_gamma-like_dom	Domain
IPR036284	GGL_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00631

UniProt features (6 total): initiator methionine 1, chain 1, propeptide 1, modified residue 1, lipid moiety-binding region 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7L0P	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.1
7L0R	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.2
7L0Q	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.3
7L0S	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	4.5

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P63211-F1	89.14	0.65

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (2): 71, 71

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

30 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1296041	Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels
R-HSA-202040	G-protein activation
R-HSA-2485179	Activation of the phototransduction cascade
R-HSA-2514859	Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade
R-HSA-381676	Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion
R-HSA-392170	ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12
R-HSA-392451	G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma
R-HSA-392851	Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor
R-HSA-400042	Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion
R-HSA-4086398	Ca2+ pathway
R-HSA-416476	G alpha (q) signalling events
R-HSA-416482	G alpha (12/13) signalling events
R-HSA-418217	G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta
R-HSA-418555	G alpha (s) signalling events
R-HSA-418592	ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1
R-HSA-418594	G alpha (i) signalling events
R-HSA-418597	G alpha (z) signalling events
R-HSA-420092	Glucagon-type ligand receptors
R-HSA-428930	Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor
R-HSA-432040	Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins
R-HSA-456926	Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs)
R-HSA-500657	Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors
R-HSA-6814122	Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding
R-HSA-8964315	G beta:gamma signalling through BTK
R-HSA-8964616	G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42
R-HSA-9009391	Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling
R-HSA-9634597	GPER1 signaling
R-HSA-9660821	ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production
R-HSA-9856530	High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells
R-HSA-997272	Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits

MSigDB gene sets: 198 (showing top): REACTOME_GLUCAGON_TYPE_LIGAND_RECEPTORS, REACTOME_ADRENALINE_NORADRENALINE_INHIBITS_INSULIN_SECRETION, REACTOME_POTASSIUM_CHANNELS, REACTOME_INWARDLY_RECTIFYING_K_CHANNELS, REACTOME_PLATELET_ACTIVATION_SIGNALING_AND_AGGREGATION, REACTOME_G_ALPHA_Z_SIGNALLING_EVENTS, GOBP_PHOTOTRANSDUCTION, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, GOBP_ANIMAL_ORGAN_MORPHOGENESIS, GOBP_EYE_PHOTORECEPTOR_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_LEVELS, SHETH_LIVER_CANCER_VS_TXNIP_LOSS_PAM1, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_LEVELS, REACTOME_G_PROTEIN_ACTIVATION, GOBP_PHOTORECEPTOR_CELL_DEVELOPMENT

GO Biological Process (7): signal transduction (GO:0007165), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), phototransduction (GO:0007602), intracellular protein localization (GO:0008104), cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process (GO:0010659), eye photoreceptor cell development (GO:0042462), cellular response to hypoxia (GO:0071456)

GO Molecular Function (3): GTPase activity (GO:0003924), G-protein beta-subunit binding (GO:0031681), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): photoreceptor inner segment (GO:0001917), heterotrimeric G-protein complex (GO:0005834), photoreceptor disc membrane (GO:0097381), photoreceptor outer segment (GO:0001750), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-11 pathways:

Category	Pathways
GPCR downstream signalling	5
Signal amplification	3
The phototransduction cascade	2
Regulation of insulin secretion	2
G-protein beta:gamma signalling	2
G protein gated Potassium channels	1
Opioid Signalling	1
Platelet homeostasis	1
Beta-catenin independent WNT signaling	1
Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors)	1
Aquaporin-mediated transport	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
signal transduction	2
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
detection of light stimulus	1
macromolecule localization	1
striated muscle cell apoptotic process	1
eye photoreceptor cell differentiation	1
photoreceptor cell development	1
response to hypoxia	1
cellular response to stress	1
cellular response to decreased oxygen levels	1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane	1
plasma membrane protein complex	1
GTPase complex	1
photoreceptor outer segment	1
organelle membrane	1
photoreceptor cell cilium	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1340 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GNGT1	GNB1	P04697	933
GNGT1	GNB3	P16520	883
GNGT1	GNG4	P50150	846
GNGT1	GNB4	Q9HAV0	808
GNGT1	GNG13	Q9P2W3	768
GNGT1	PDE6A	P16499	734
GNGT1	PDC	P20941	730
GNGT1	CNGB1	Q14028	690
GNGT1	PDCL	Q13371	688
GNGT1	CRX	O43186	651
GNGT1	RHO	P08100	639
GNGT1	CNGA1	P29973	637
GNGT1	GNAT1	P11488	633
GNGT1	GNAO1	P09471	620
GNGT1	GUCY2F	P51841	619

IntAct

60 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GNB1	GNAI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.810
GNGT1	GNB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.770
GNGT1	Ntsr1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.750
GNGT1	Nts	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
GNGT1	GNB1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
GNB4	GNAI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
GNGT1	GNB2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.620
GNGT1	GNB3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.620
GNGT1	ZNF277	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
ZNF277	GNGT1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (31): ZNF277 (Two-hybrid), GNB1 (Reconstituted Complex), PDCL (Reconstituted Complex), GNGT1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), GNGT1 (Co-crystal Structure), GNGT1 (Two-hybrid), UBXN4 (Two-hybrid), MSANTD4 (Two-hybrid), ZNF277 (Two-hybrid), GNAS (Affinity Capture-MS), GNAQ (Affinity Capture-MS), NDOR1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GNB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), GNB1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GNAZ (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A804HLA8, O14610, O60262, O97564, P02698, P30671, P38040, P43425, P50150, P50151, P50153, P50154, P54406, P59768, P61952, P61953, P61954, P63077, P63078, P63210, P63211, P63212, P63213, P63214, P63215, P63216, P63217, P63218, P63219, Q28024, Q4VT26, Q5E9F0, Q5R639, Q5R7U4, Q5RBQ0, Q5REH7, Q61012, Q61016, Q61017, Q6CPB4

Diamond homologs: O14610, O60262, O97564, P02698, P30671, P43425, P50150, P50151, P50153, P50154, P54406, P59768, P61952, P61953, P61954, P63077, P63078, P63210, P63211, P63212, P63213, P63214, P63215, P63216, P63217, P63218, P63219, Q28024, Q5E9F0, Q5R639, Q5R7U4, Q5RBQ0, Q5REH7, Q61012, Q61016, Q61017, Q80SZ7, Q9CXP8, Q9DAS9, Q9NFZ2

SIGNOR signaling

8 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
GNGT1	up-regulates	PIK3CA	binding
SMO	up-regulates	GNGT1	binding
FZD3	up-regulates	GNGT1	binding
GNGT1	up-regulates	PLCG1	binding
GNGT1	up-regulates	PI3K	binding
GNGT1	up-regulates	PIK3CG	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 14 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	6	19.8×	2e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

11 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	10
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

927 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:93886892:CAAAG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93886897:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93887432:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93887434:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93889030:TTTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:93889031:TTACT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:93889032:TACTT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:93889033:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
7:93889033:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
7:93889034:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
7:93889034:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:93889034:CTTTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:93889113:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93889114:G:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93889219:AACTT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93889220:ACTT:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
7:93889220:ACTTC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93889221:CTT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93889221:CTTCT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93889222:TT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93889223:TCT:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
7:93889224:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:93889224:C:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
7:93889225:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
7:93890133:TTACT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:93890135:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
7:93890136:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
7:93890136:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:93890136:CTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:93890136:CTTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

483 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:93906811:T:C	L22P	0.998
7:93906836:A:C	R30S	0.998
7:93906836:A:T	R30S	0.998
7:93906835:G:C	R30T	0.995
7:93910879:T:A	N62K	0.995
7:93910879:T:G	N62K	0.995
7:93906808:A:C	Q21P	0.994
7:93906835:G:T	R30I	0.994
7:93910883:T:C	F64L	0.994
7:93910885:C:A	F64L	0.994
7:93910885:C:G	F64L	0.994
7:93910824:T:A	V44D	0.992
7:93910904:T:C	C71R	0.991
7:93910845:A:C	D51A	0.990
7:93910884:T:C	F64S	0.990
7:93910844:G:C	D51H	0.989
7:93910845:A:G	D51G	0.989
7:93910880:C:T	P63S	0.989
7:93910845:A:T	D51V	0.988
7:93910859:G:C	G56R	0.988
7:93910877:A:G	N62D	0.988
7:93906819:G:A	E25K	0.987
7:93910851:T:A	L53Q	0.987
7:93910851:T:C	L53P	0.987
7:93910883:T:A	F64I	0.986
7:93910888:G:C	K65N	0.986
7:93910888:G:T	K65N	0.986
7:93910906:T:G	C71W	0.986
7:93910846:T:A	D51E	0.984
7:93910846:T:G	D51E	0.984

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000114264 (7:93905467 G>A), RS1000316505 (7:93908379 G>A), RS1000792484 (7:93908096 C>T), RS1001137621 (7:93908478 G>A), RS1001775273 (7:93908776 G>A), RS1002229707 (7:93907208 GA>G), RS1002352712 (7:93905860 T>C,G), RS1003127513 (7:93909642 T>A), RS1003262568 (7:93904867 C>A,T), RS1003444968 (7:93909947 A>G,T), RS1004016710 (7:93908261 T>C), RS1004262198 (7:93907457 T>A), RS1005348516 (7:93904613 A>G), RS1005900946 (7:93909106 TACG>T), RS1006361572 (7:93906774 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:189970 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315)

Orphanet (1): Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

12 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003818_37	Resting heart rate	5.000000e-21
GCST004863_15	Mosquito bite size	2.000000e-07
GCST005789_12	Resting heart rate	2.000000e-07
GCST005804_1	Taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer	1.000000e-07
GCST005846_6	Heart rate response to recovery post exercise (10 sec)	7.000000e-12
GCST005847_8	Heart rate response to recovery post exercise (20 sec)	9.000000e-11
GCST005848_14	Heart rate response to recovery post exercise (50 sec)	4.000000e-11
GCST005849_13	Heart rate response to recovery post exercise (40 sec)	2.000000e-12
GCST005850_5	Heart rate response to recovery post exercise (30 sec)	2.000000e-11
GCST008158_67	Body mass index	1.000000e-07
GCST010989_121	Body size at age 10	5.000000e-21
GCST90000025_305	Appendicular lean mass	2.000000e-23

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008378	mosquito bite reaction size measurement
EFO:0009185	heart rate response to recovery post exercise
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0009819	comparative body size at age 10, self-reported
EFO:0004980	appendicular lean mass

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

23 total (human), top 23 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Vorinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
ferrous chloride	increases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	increases expression	1
entinostat	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
clothianidin	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Poly(amidoamine)	increases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases expression	1
tianma gouteng yin	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Barium	affects binding, decreases reaction, increases transport	1
Lipopolysaccharides	increases expression, affects response to substance, affects cotreatment	1
Mercury	increases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	affects expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Acrylamide	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00029224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT00293696	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Casodex/Zoladex Biomarkers in Localised Prostate Cancer
NCT00334139	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Metabolism in Patients With Bone Metastasis and Prostate or Breast Cancer
NCT00375765	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects On Dihydrotestosterone Regulated Gene Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Or Prostate Cancer
NCT00391690	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Markers as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT00422708	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Local Anesthesia for Prostate Biopsy
NCT00526331	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00590213	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Compare the Value of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Breast Radiotherapy in CASODEX
NCT00629330	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Dissemination of Prostate Cancer Screening to PCP’s in African American Communities
NCT00771966	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Radical Prostatectomy and Perioperative Fluid Therapy
NCT00805701	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Assessing The Efficacy And Safety Of Avodart (Dutasteride) At Improving Urinary Symptoms In Men With Prostate Cancer Who Are Undergoing Seed Implantation
NCT00859027	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Risedronate On Bone Mass In Older Men Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy For Prostate Cancer
NCT00906269	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Improve Erectile Function Following Surgery for Prostate Cancer
NCT00953277	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Nerve Reconstruction Using AVANCE in Subjects Who Undergo Robotic Assisted Prostatectomy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
NCT00982800	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Does Postoperative Gabapentin Reduce Pain, Opioid Consumption and Anxiety and Have a Positive Effect on Health Related Quality of Life After Radical Prostatectomy?
NCT01083199	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Global Performance Evaluation of the AMS CONTINUUM™ Device
NCT01136226	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluate Recovery of Testosterone for Patients Using Eligard
NCT01161563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Crossover Trial to Assess the Tolerability of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogue Administration
NCT01230905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Monitor the Effects of Androgen Suppression Treatment on the Heart
NCT01296672	PHASE4	COMPLETED	3 Month Finasteride Challenge Test Can Significantly Improve the Performance of Screening for Prostate Cancer
NCT01365143	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Robotic Versus Open Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01379742	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Between ThinSeed™ and OncoSeed™ for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy
NCT01486563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hydroxyethyl Starch and Renal Function After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01511874	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of ELIGARD 22.5mg With Prostate Cancer
NCT01512472	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Firmagon (Degarelix) Intermittent Therapy
NCT01547416	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Combined General/Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia on Diaphragmatic Function
NCT01571544	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of Thermal Suits as Preventing Hypothermia During Surgery
NCT01581749	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Truebeam for Low-Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT01649635	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Cabazitaxel Combined With Prednisone and Prophylaxis of Neutropenia Complications in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer