GOLGA1

Summary

GOLGA1 (golgin A1, HGNC:4424) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9q33.3, encoding Golgin subfamily A member 1 (Q92805). Involved in vesicular trafficking at the Golgi apparatus level.

The Golgi apparatus, which participates in glycosylation and transport of proteins and lipids in the secretory pathway, consists of a series of stacked cisternae (flattened membrane sacs). Interactions between the Golgi and microtubules are thought to be important for the reorganization of the Golgi after it fragments during mitosis. This gene encodes one of the golgins, a family of proteins localized to the Golgi. This encoded protein is associated with Sjogren’s syndrome.

Source: NCBI Gene 2800 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 124 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002077

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:4424
Approved symbol	GOLGA1
Name	golgin A1
Location	9q33.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	golgin-97, MGC33154
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000136935
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	602502
Entrez	2800

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 17 — 13 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000373551, ENST00000373555, ENST00000421514, ENST00000475407, ENST00000485337, ENST00000605438, ENST00000876328, ENST00000876329, ENST00000876330, ENST00000876331, ENST00000876332, ENST00000876333, ENST00000928347, ENST00000959806, ENST00000959807, ENST00000959808, ENST00000959809

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_002077 NM_002077

CCDS: CCDS6860

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000373555 — 23 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000927047	124921129	124921240
ENSE00000927048	124921723	124921892
ENSE00000927051	124929216	124929290
ENSE00000927052	124931316	124931406
ENSE00001370040	124940106	124940155
ENSE00001391363	124940971	124941083
ENSE00001460861	124938577	124938866
ENSE00001932564	124878275	124880610
ENSE00003253422	124926709	124926741
ENSE00003253445	124923095	124923223
ENSE00003368519	124928188	124928285
ENSE00003481192	124890389	124890478
ENSE00003496932	124900452	124900547
ENSE00003497027	124908377	124908472
ENSE00003549371	124882510	124882569
ENSE00003572727	124881784	124881954
ENSE00003588657	124911901	124912026
ENSE00003613279	124889143	124889303
ENSE00003614596	124898549	124898644
ENSE00003615035	124899329	124899478
ENSE00003623825	124889434	124889536
ENSE00003629209	124881171	124881257
ENSE00003668569	124888253	124888396

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 269 present calls, max score 94.25.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 7.6243 / max 108.5483, expressed in 1751 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
102456	3.9799	1567
102457	3.6335	1524
102458	0.0109	3

Top tissues by expression

289 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	94.25	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	87.93	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	87.40	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	87.28	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	85.44	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	85.32	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	85.28	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	85.22	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	85.05	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	84.89	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	84.88	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	84.81	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	84.79	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	84.66	silver quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	84.66	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	84.66	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	84.44	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	84.28	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	84.24	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	84.01	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	83.90	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	83.78	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	83.74	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	83.65	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	83.57	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	83.46	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	83.35	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	83.26	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	83.26	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	83.16	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.47

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NR1I2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

200 targeting GOLGA1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-513A-5P	100.00	69.77	2465
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-574-5P	100.00	66.01	989
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-4510	100.00	66.60	2050
HSA-MIR-6127	100.00	66.76	2188
HSA-MIR-6129	100.00	66.46	2080
HSA-MIR-6130	100.00	66.69	2012
HSA-MIR-6133	100.00	66.48	2064
HSA-MIR-4476	100.00	68.18	2030
HSA-MIR-6876-5P	100.00	67.68	2126
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-4533	100.00	69.48	2758
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• Data show that Arl1 regulates the membrane recruitment of Golgin-97, which plays a role in transport from the endosome to the trans-Golgi network. (PMID:15269279)
• The ability of the four mammalian GRIP domain proteins, p230, golgin-97, GCC88, and GCC185 to interact is reported. (PMID:15654769)
• Selective and essential component of the tubulovesicular carriers transporting E-cadherin out of the trans-Golgi network. (PMID:16262725)
• Using RNA interference approach, it was demonstrated that a cellular trans-Golgi network membrane protein, golgin-97, is essential for Vaccinia virus replication. (PMID:17276477)
• FIP1/RCP binding to Golgin-97 is required for tethering and fusion of recycling endosome-derived retrograde transport vesicles to the trans-Golgi network. (PMID:20610657)
• Spatial proteomics defines the content of trafficking vesicles captured by golgin tethers. (PMID:33239640)
• PKD-dependent PARP12-catalyzed mono-ADP-ribosylation of Golgin-97 is required for E-cadherin transport from Golgi to plasma membrane. (PMID:34969853)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	golga1	ENSDARG00000008979
mus_musculus	Golga1	ENSMUSG00000026754
rattus_norvegicus	Golga1	ENSRNOG00000014493
drosophila_melanogaster	Golgin97	FBGN0086757

Paralogs (1): GCC1 (ENSG00000179562)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Golgin subfamily A member 1 — Q92805 (reviewed: Q92805)

Alternative names: Golgin-97

All UniProt accessions (4): Q92805, H0YE54, Q5T165, R4GNH1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Involved in vesicular trafficking at the Golgi apparatus level. Involved in endosome-to-Golgi trafficking. Mechanistically, captures transport vesicles arriving from endosomes via the protein TBC1D23. Recognized vesicles are then tethered to the trans-Golgi before subsequent SNARE engagement and vesicle fusion. Selectively regulates E-cadherin transport from the trans-Golgi network in tubulovesicular carriers. (Microbial infection) Plays an important role in poxvirus morphogenesis. Translocates into the viral factories where it may transport the membrane fragments and associated protein factors important for virus maturation to the sites of virion assembly.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with RAB6A. Directly interacts with TBC1D23. Interacts with FAM91A1; this interaction may be mediated by TBC1D23. Interacts with ARL1; this interaction recruits Golgin-97/GOLGA1 onto the Golgi apparatus.

Subcellular location. Golgi apparatus membrane. Golgi apparatus. trans-Golgi network membrane. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Secretory vesicle. Acrosome.

Post-translational modifications. MARylated by PARP12; MARylation is required for basolateral export of E-Cadherin.

Miscellaneous. Antibodies against GOLGA1 are present in sera from patients with Sjoegren syndrome. Sera from patients with Sjoegren syndrome often contain antibodies that react with normal components of the Golgi complex.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_002068* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000237	GRIP_dom	Domain
IPR051952	Golgi-autophagy_related	Family

Pfam: PF01465

UniProt features (30 total): mutagenesis site 16, modified residue 6, sequence variant 3, region of interest 2, chain 1, domain 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q92805-F1	79.05	0.55

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (6): 51, 30, 36, 41, 47, 50

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (16):

Position	Phenotype
2	loss of tbc1d23-binding.
4	no effect on tbc1d23-binding.
5	loss of tbc1d23-binding.
6	decreased tbc1d23-binding.
7	no effect on tbc1d23-binding.
8	no effect on tbc1d23-binding.
9	decreased tbc1d23-binding.
11	no effect on tbc1d23-binding.
12	no effect on tbc1d23-binding.
695	no effect on rab6a-binding, nor on targeting to the golgi apparatus.
696	no effect on rab6a-binding, nor on targeting to the golgi apparatus.
697	loss of rab6a-binding and of targeting to the golgi apparatus.
698	no effect on rab6a-binding, nor on targeting to the golgi apparatus.
742	no effect on subcellular localization at the golgi apparatus.
743	no effect on subcellular localization at the golgi apparatus, small decrease in rab6a-binding.
744	drastically reduced targeting to the golgi apparatus, small decrease in rab6a-binding.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-6811440	Retrograde transport at the Trans-Golgi-Network

MSigDB gene sets: 185 (showing top): HNF3ALPHA_Q6, YANG_BREAST_CANCER_ESR1_LASER_UP, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, TGCACTT_MIR519C_MIR519B_MIR519A, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, REACTOME_MEMBRANE_TRAFFICKING, FOXD3_01, GOCC_TRANS_GOLGI_NETWORK, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, HFH8_01, GOBP_TRANSEPITHELIAL_TRANSPORT, FOXJ2_01, HFH4_01, HFH3_01, MODULE_157

GO Biological Process (2): transepithelial transport (GO:0070633), cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin (GO:0044331)

GO Molecular Function (2): molecular carrier activity (GO:0140104), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (8): Golgi membrane (GO:0000139), acrosomal vesicle (GO:0001669), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794), trans-Golgi network (GO:0005802), cytosol (GO:0005829), perinuclear region of cytoplasm (GO:0048471), membrane (GO:0016020), cytoplasmic vesicle (GO:0031410)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Intra-Golgi and retrograde Golgi-to-ER traffic	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cytoplasm	4
cellular anatomical structure	3
binding	2
transport	1
cell-cell adhesion	1
molecular_function	1
Golgi apparatus	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
secretory granule	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
Golgi apparatus subcompartment	1
intracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1820 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GOLGA1	GOLGA4	Q13439	836
GOLGA1	GOLGB1	Q14789	781
GOLGA1	GOLGA3	Q08378	742
GOLGA1	GOLGA2	Q08379	741
GOLGA1	RAB6A	P20340	740
GOLGA1	TGOLN2	O43493	721
GOLGA1	GCC1	Q96CN9	720
GOLGA1	GCC2	Q8IWJ2	719
GOLGA1	TBC1D23	Q9NUY8	703
GOLGA1	RGPD8	O14715	671
GOLGA1	GRIP1	Q9Y3R0	668
GOLGA1	EEA1	Q15075	626
GOLGA1	GORASP1	Q9BQQ3	599
GOLGA1	GOLGA8B	A8MQT2	595
GOLGA1	GOLGA5	Q8TBA6	594

IntAct

88 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ATF4	GOLGA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
GOLGA1	VPS52	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
GOLGA1	ATF4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
GOLGA1	TFIP11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
VPS52	GOLGA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
TFIP11	GOLGA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
	GOLGA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CEP57L1	GOLGA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GOLGA1	CEP57L1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GOLGA1		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GOLGA1	SLAIN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TP53BP2	GOLGA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GOLGA1	PPP1R13B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GOLGA1	LZTS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
EFHC2	GOLGA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
HSF2BP	GOLGA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KIAA1328	GOLGA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (185): GOLGA1 (Two-hybrid), VPS52 (Two-hybrid), TFIP11 (Two-hybrid), PDCL2 (Two-hybrid), CEP57L1 (Two-hybrid), TDP1 (Co-fractionation), ARL1 (Two-hybrid), GOLGA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GOLGA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GOLGA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GOLGA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GOLGA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GOLGA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GOLGA1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), GOLGA1 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A2R8QCI3, A0JMK8, A3KGV1, A7YH32, A9X1A5, B0KWC9, B6MFW3, B8JK76, G5E861, G9G127, O35550, O35551, P59242, P85120, Q15276, Q3V6T2, Q502I3, Q5BJF6, Q5RG45, Q5SNZ0, Q5TZ80, Q5ZJ27, Q5ZKK5, Q66GS9, Q66KE8, Q6AYX5, Q6DIX6, Q6NRB0, Q6P402, Q6P5D4, Q6PGZ0, Q6VGS5, Q6ZU80, Q7TMK6, Q80UF4, Q80YF0, Q80YT7, Q86SQ7, Q8BIL5, Q8CJ99

Diamond homologs: Q92805, Q9CW79

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

124 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	95
Likely benign	8
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

4497 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
9:124881831:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124881832:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124881835:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124881836:A:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124882506:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124882507:CA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124882508:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124882509:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124882509:C:G	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124882509:CCAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124882588:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:124882588:C:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:124888247:CCTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124888248:CTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124888251:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124889137:ACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124889138:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124889140:TACG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124889141:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124889141:A:AG	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124889142:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124889142:CG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124889142:CGT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124889142:CGTG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:124889304:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:124889304:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:124889305:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:124889428:CCTCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124889429:CTCAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
9:124889430:TCACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

5057 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
9:124880599:A:C	F745L	0.999
9:124880599:A:T	F745L	0.999
9:124880601:A:G	F745L	0.999
9:124880604:A:G	W744R	0.999
9:124880604:A:T	W744R	0.999
9:124881247:A:G	L716P	0.999
9:124881805:G:C	F705L	0.999
9:124881805:G:T	F705L	0.999
9:124881807:A:G	F705L	0.999
9:124881815:A:T	V702D	0.999
9:124881827:A:G	L698P	0.999
9:124881831:A:G	Y697H	0.999
9:124880602:C:A	W744C	0.998
9:124880602:C:G	W744C	0.998
9:124881223:A:G	L724P	0.998
9:124881806:A:G	F705S	0.998
9:124881823:T:A	K699N	0.998
9:124881823:T:G	K699N	0.998
9:124881824:T:A	K699I	0.998
9:124881827:A:T	L698H	0.998
9:124881830:T:C	Y697C	0.998
9:124929245:A:G	L91P	0.998
9:124881193:A:G	L734P	0.997
9:124881238:G:T	A719D	0.997
9:124881818:A:T	V701E	0.997
9:124929237:C:G	A94P	0.997
9:124931321:A:G	L74P	0.997
9:124881181:A:G	L738P	0.996
9:124881193:A:T	L734H	0.996
9:124881217:A:G	F726S	0.996

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000035087 (9:124930606 C>G), RS1000080621 (9:124926940 T>C), RS1000124451 (9:124882384 C>A,T), RS1000159124 (9:124879024 A>C), RS1000264322 (9:124923575 G>C,T), RS1000352028 (9:124914919 G>C), RS1000362144 (9:124917659 C>T), RS1000478127 (9:124917848 T>G), RS1000500118 (9:124911370 T>C), RS1000504194 (9:124885732 C>A,T), RS1000615998 (9:124916701 T>C), RS1000627685 (9:124905073 G>A), RS1000774769 (9:124905410 C>T), RS1000776645 (9:124898899 A>G), RS1000830142 (9:124942091 C>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:602502 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

27 total (human), top 27 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, affects expression, increases expression	7
entinostat	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
FR900359	decreases phosphorylation	1
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
beauvericin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
testosterone enanthate	affects expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
epigallocatechin gallate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
2,3,5-(triglutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone	decreases ADP-ribosylation	1
enniatins	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	increases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Air Pollutants	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Caffeine	increases phosphorylation	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Ozone	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Phthalic Acids	increases methylation	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide	affects expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.