GP6

gene
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Also known as GPVI

Summary

GP6 (glycoprotein VI platelet, HGNC:14388) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.42, encoding Platelet glycoprotein VI (Q9HCN6). Collagen receptor involved in collagen-induced platelet adhesion and activation.

This gene encodes a platelet membrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is a receptor for collagen and plays a critical role in collagen-induced platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. The encoded protein forms a complex with the Fc receptor gamma-chain that initiates the platelet activation signaling cascade upon collagen binding. Mutations in this gene are a cause of platelet-type bleeding disorder-11 (BDPLT11). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 51206 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): platelet-type bleeding disorder 11 (Definitive, ClinGen)
  • GWAS associations: 21
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 354 total — 13 pathogenic, 5 likely-pathogenic
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 10
  • Druggable target: yes — 9 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
  • Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency autosomal recessive, triplosensitivity no evidence
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_016363

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:14388
Approved symbolGP6
Nameglycoprotein VI platelet
Location19q13.42
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesGPVI
Ensembl geneENSG00000088053
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM605546
Entrez51206

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 5 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000310373, ENST00000333884, ENST00000417454, ENST00000465648, ENST00000468239, ENST00000906006

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_016363 NM_001083899, NM_001256017, NM_016363

CCDS: CCDS42626, CCDS46184, CCDS58678

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000417454 — 8 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000007277055501865255018711
ENSE000008564245502757855027862
ENSE000008564275503250655032538
ENSE000010523255503820355038264
ENSE000012526685502521855025271
ENSE000035080165501568355015733
ENSE000035637195503213955032396
ENSE000035851995501370555015165

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 126 present calls, max score 84.76.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.9269 / max 105.4649, expressed in 106 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1826720.468794
1826730.217964
1826740.185149
1826750.055227

Top tissues by expression

132 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
monocyteCL:000057684.76gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073883.86gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047379.00gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583473.78gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099172.35gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017871.36gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009471.11gold quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224570.68gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212970.62gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203770.52gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489069.87gold quality
bone marrow cellCL:000209267.28gold quality
bone marrowUBERON:000237166.93gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243665.40gold quality
skin of abdomenUBERON:000141663.60gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9UBERON:001354063.28gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281063.02gold quality
esophagus mucosaUBERON:000246962.80gold quality
zone of skinUBERON:000001462.61gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexUBERON:000983462.53gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216762.19gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983561.95gold quality
skin of legUBERON:000151161.89gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453361.72gold quality
testisUBERON:000047361.43gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208461.33gold quality
right testisUBERON:000453461.29gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499161.13gold quality
vaginaUBERON:000099660.60gold quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266160.44gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3no2.55

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ETS1, FLI1, GATA1, SP1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

40 targeting GP6, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P99.9870.982588
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P99.9871.042593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P99.9871.042593
HSA-MIR-493-5P99.9672.472382
HSA-MIR-548AB99.9571.313488
HSA-MIR-55999.9572.283609
HSA-MIR-548A-5P99.9471.273482
HSA-MIR-548AD-5P99.9471.233502
HSA-MIR-548AE-5P99.9471.233502
HSA-MIR-548AK99.9471.243488
HSA-MIR-548AM-5P99.9471.243488
HSA-MIR-548AP-5P99.9471.143489
HSA-MIR-548AR-5P99.9471.283515
HSA-MIR-548AS-5P99.9471.223482
HSA-MIR-548AU-5P99.9471.243488
HSA-MIR-548AY-5P99.9471.233502
HSA-MIR-548B-5P99.9471.233502
HSA-MIR-548BB-5P99.9471.273509
HSA-MIR-548C-5P99.9471.243488
HSA-MIR-548D-5P99.9471.233502
HSA-MIR-548H-5P99.9471.243488
HSA-MIR-548I99.9471.253481
HSA-MIR-548J-5P99.9471.143489
HSA-MIR-548O-5P99.9471.243488
HSA-MIR-548W99.9471.243488
HSA-MIR-548Y99.9471.283514
HSA-MIR-548AQ-5P99.9471.343426
HSA-MIR-205-5P99.8170.051557
HSA-MIR-7856-5P99.7569.992901
HSA-MIR-432899.5771.064094

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 30 (autosomal recessive), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

  • First cloning of GPVI from platelet cDNA via protein sequence (PMID:10506151)
  • regulates protein kinase B in platelets (PMID:11825911)
  • Association of Fyn and Lyn with the proline-rich domain of glycoprotein VI regulates intracellular signaling (PMID:11943772)
  • Glycoprotein VI-mediated platelet fibrinogen receptor activation occurs through calcium-sensitive and PKC-sensitive pathways without a requirement for secreted ADP (PMID:11964287)
  • Mean GPIV expression was 90% in adult reticulated platelets, 71% in adult mature platelets, 78% in cord reticulated platelets and 57% in cord mature platelets. (PMID:11990697)
  • calmodulin binds to its cytoplasmic domain (PMID:12010829)
  • collagen receptor glycoprotein VI and alphaIIbbeta3 trigger distinct patterns of receptor signalling in platelets, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCgamma2 (integrin alphaiibbeta3) (PMID:12049640)
  • GPVI only reacts with fibrous collagen (PMID:12356768)
  • induction of promoter by thrombopoietin and regulation by GATA-1, Fli-1, and Sp1 (PMID:12359731)
  • Physical and functional interaction between cell-surface calreticulin and the collagen receptors integrin alpha2beta1 and glycoprotein VI in human platelets (PMID:12362238)
  • The GP6 sequence -191 to -39 represents the core promoter; transcription is driven largely by GATA-1 (-176) and c-Ets-1 (-45) sites within this segment. (PMID:12377757)
  • observed a 3-fold difference in the response to CRP-XL in platelet aggregation when comparing platelets from 10 high-frequency GP6 allele homozygotes with 8 low-frequency ones. (PMID:12560230)
  • identification of discrete domains within the receptor’s intracellular tail that mediate interaction with Fc Rgamma, calmodulin, and Src family tyrosine kinases (PMID:12594225)
  • Review. Platelet adhesion to collagen requires prior activation of integrins through “inside-out” signals generated by GPVI. GPVI acts in concert with other receptors and signaling pathways to initiate hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. (PMID:12649139)
  • a region in the glycoprotein VI tail is required for association with the Fc receptor gamma-chain (PMID:12847105)
  • GPVI was expressed in cultured HUVEC cells at both transcript and protein levels. Since HUVEC lack FcRgamma chain that forms complex with GPVI in platelets for signaling process, the function of GPVI in vascular endothelial cells remains to be determined. (PMID:12850831)
  • the major role of alpha(2)beta(1) is to increase the avidity of collagen for the platelet surface and by doing so enhance activation of GPVI (PMID:12871331)
  • results of a case-control study involving 180 stroke patients and 172 controls do not support a role for the integrin alpha2 C807T and GPVI Q317L polymorphisms in the development of first-ever ischemic stroke (PMID:12871362)
  • The position of lysine59 on the apical surface of GPVI suggests a mode of collagen-related peptide binding analogous to that used by the related killer cell Ig-like receptors to bind HLA. (PMID:14504096)
  • human platelet deposition on collagen depends on the concerted interplay of several receptors: GPIb in synergy with alpha(2)beta(1) mediating primary adhesion, reinforced by activation through GPVI, which further regulates the thrombus formation. (PMID:14563646)
  • critical role of the collagen receptor GPVI in the initiation of thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury and identify soluble GPVI as a promising antithrombotic strategy (PMID:14656994)
  • a central role for the FcR chain-associated GPVI collagen receptor in activation of platelet 12-H(P)ETE generation via 12-lipoxygenase. (PMID:15142951)
  • GPVI is able to support synergy with vWF. (PMID:15203711)
  • GPVI-mediated platelet activation plays a key role in the formation of platelet-derived microparticles in the presence of physiological Ca2+ in whole blood (PMID:15203713)
  • GPVI stimulation caused activation of alpha2beta1 & alphaIIbbeta3 during collagen-induced thrombus formation. GPVI blockade reduced integrin activation along with aggregate formation & fibrinogen binding but not alpha2beta1-dependent adhesion. (PMID:15231520)
  • alpha2beta1 integrin and GPVI regulate stress fiber formation in megakarocytes, the primary actin structures needed for cell contraction (PMID:15265786)
  • Inhibition of GPVI may be a promising pharmacological target in the treatment of high-risk diabetic patients. (PMID:15277394)
  • The gene for glycoprotein VI was shown to contribute to variation in platelet count. (PMID:15280902)
  • role of this GPVI polymorphism, or another linked polymorphism, as a possible predictor of the risk of coronary thrombosis. (PMID:15306180)
  • findings suggest that disruption of calmodulin binding to receptor cytoplasmic tails by agonist binding to the receptor triggers metalloproteinase-mediated loss of GPVI from the platelet surface (PMID:15308568)
  • Induction of GP VI cleavage caused specific down-regulation of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, providing a mechanism for the modulation of platelet responsiveness to this important platelet agonist (PMID:15339851)
  • results demonstrate that Vav3 and Vav1 play crucial but redundant roles in the activation of phospholipase C gamma 2 by glycoprotein GPVI (PMID:15456756)
  • Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that valine 34 and leucine 36 are critical for GPVI interaction with collagen and collagen-related peptides. (PMID:15466473)
  • Study finds by intravital fluorescence microscopy and ultrasonic flow measurements that GPVI extracellular domain fused to the immunoglobulin Fc domain (GPVI-Fc) has no effect on platelet adhesion and thrombus formation at the injured arterial wall. (PMID:15507524)
  • c-Cbl plays a regulatory role in glycoprotein VI (GPVI)/Fc receptor gamma (FcRgamma)-chain-dependent platelet activation through its interaction with Syk (PMID:15701717)
  • megakaryocyte-specific expression of the GP6 gene is regulated, in part, by CpG demethylation, which can be directly initiated by TPO (PMID:15701720)
  • the association involves an interaction between the ectodomains of GPIb alpha and GPVI (PMID:15841318)
  • studies establish platelet-collagen responses under physiologic flow as the consequence of a close partnership between 2 structurally distinct receptors, glycoprotein VI and integrin alpha2beta1 (PMID:15886326)
  • results indicate that morphologically diverse collagen type I- and collagen type III-containing structures in lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques stimulate thrombus formation by activating platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) (PMID:15923400)
  • In advanced plaques collagen type I is major trigger of thrombus formation and phosphatidylserine exposure, acting via GPVI and ADP release, while tissue factor directly enhances coagulation. (PMID:15939050)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusGp6ENSMUSG00000078810
rattus_norvegicusGp6ENSRNOG00000047204

Paralogs (25): LILRB1 (ENSG00000104972), LILRA1 (ENSG00000104974), LILRB5 (ENSG00000105609), A1BG (ENSG00000121410), KIR2DL1 (ENSG00000125498), LILRB2 (ENSG00000131042), IGSF1 (ENSG00000147255), LAIR2 (ENSG00000167618), KIR3DL1 (ENSG00000167633), OSCAR (ENSG00000170909), FCAR (ENSG00000186431), LILRB4 (ENSG00000186818), LILRA5 (ENSG00000187116), KIR2DL4 (ENSG00000189013), VSTM1 (ENSG00000189068), NCR1 (ENSG00000189430), LILRB3 (ENSG00000204577), KIR2DS4 (ENSG00000221957), LILRA4 (ENSG00000239961), LILRA2 (ENSG00000239998), KIR3DL2 (ENSG00000240403), KIR3DL3 (ENSG00000242019), KIR2DL3 (ENSG00000243772), LILRA6 (ENSG00000244482), TARM1 (ENSG00000248385)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Platelet glycoprotein VIQ9HCN6 (reviewed: Q9HCN6)

Alternative names: Glycoprotein 6

All UniProt accessions (2): Q9HCN6, K7EIW7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Collagen receptor involved in collagen-induced platelet adhesion and activation. Plays a key role in platelet procoagulant activity and subsequent thrombin and fibrin formation. This procoagulant function may contribute to arterial and venous thrombus formation. The signaling pathway involves the FcR gamma-chain, the Src kinases (likely FYN or LYN) and SYK, the adapter protein LAT and leads to the activation of PLCG2.

Subunit / interactions. Associated with Fc receptor gamma chain. The GPVI:FcRgamma complex is associated with the Src kinase family FYN and LYN. Interacts with TRAF4. Interacts with COL1A1, but not with COL4A4. (Microbial infection) Interacts with Staphylococcus aureus protein SSL5.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Megakaryocytes and platelets.

Post-translational modifications. N-linked glycosylation at Asn-92 is not required for the cell surface expression, but contributes to maximal adhesion to type I collagen, collagen-related peptide (CRP), and, to a lesser extent, to the snake venom C-type lectin convulxin (CVX).

Disease relevance. Bleeding disorder, platelet-type, 11 (BDPLT11) [MIM:614201] A mild to moderate bleeding disorder caused by defective platelet activation and aggregation in response to collagen. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous. Has no transmembrane domain. Does not interact with Fc receptor gamma chain. Does not bind to collagen-like peptides.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9HCN6-11, VI-1yes
Q9HCN6-22, VI-2
Q9HCN6-33, VI-3

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001077368, NP_001242946, NP_057447* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR003598Ig_sub2Domain
IPR003599Ig_subDomain
IPR013783Ig-like_foldHomologous_superfamily
IPR036179Ig-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR050412Ig-like_Receptors_ImmuneRegFamily

Pfam: PF13895, PF13927

UniProt features (54 total): strand 17, sequence variant 8, mutagenesis site 7, sequence conflict 4, disulfide bond 2, splice variant 2, topological domain 2, turn 2, helix 2, domain 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

6 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
5OU7X-RAY DIFFRACTION1.9
7R58X-RAY DIFFRACTION1.9
2GI7X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.4
5OU8X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.5
5OU9X-RAY DIFFRACTION2.5
7NMUX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.5

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9HCN6-F176.520.55

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 27NMU, 7R58

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (2): 48–88, 134–180

Glycosylation sites (1): 92

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (7):

PositionPhenotype
61increases collagen binding.
79dramatically reduces collagen binding.
80reduces collagen binding.
92reduces collagen binding (65 to 70%).
94reduces collagen binding (65 to 70%).
95no effect on collagen binding.
186reduces collagen binding.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-114604GPVI-mediated activation cascade
R-HSA-202733Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall
R-HSA-75892Platelet Adhesion to exposed collagen

MSigDB gene sets: 132 (showing top): GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, MULLIGHAN_NPM1_SIGNATURE_3_UP, REACTOME_PLATELET_ACTIVATION_SIGNALING_AND_AGGREGATION, GOBP_PLATELET_ACTIVATION, GOCC_CELL_SURFACE, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_WOUND_HEALING, GOBP_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_IMMUNE_RESPONSE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PLATELET_AGGREGATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_HOMOTYPIC_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_HOMOTYPIC_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_HEMOSTASIS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PLATELET_ACTIVATION

GO Biological Process (9): immune response-regulating signaling pathway (GO:0002764), enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway (GO:0007167), platelet activation (GO:0030168), collagen-activated tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway (GO:0038063), collagen-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038065), platelet aggregation (GO:0070527), positive regulation of platelet aggregation (GO:1901731), blood coagulation (GO:0007596), hemostasis (GO:0007599)

GO Molecular Function (6): transmembrane signaling receptor activity (GO:0004888), collagen binding (GO:0005518), signaling receptor activity (GO:0038023), collagen receptor activity (GO:0038064), protein tyrosine kinase binding (GO:1990782), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (7): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cell surface (GO:0009986), extracellular matrix (GO:0031012), membrane raft (GO:0045121), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), tetraspanin-enriched microdomain (GO:0097197), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Hemostasis2
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure3
cell surface receptor signaling pathway2
collagen-activated signaling pathway2
signal transduction1
regulation of immune response1
cell activation1
blood coagulation1
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway1
platelet activation1
homotypic cell-cell adhesion1
positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion1
platelet aggregation1
regulation of platelet aggregation1
hemostasis1
wound healing1
coagulation1
regulation of body fluid levels1
signaling receptor activity1
protein-containing complex binding1
molecular transducer activity1
transmembrane signaling receptor activity1
collagen binding1
protein kinase binding1
binding1
membrane1
cell periphery1
external encapsulating structure1
membrane microdomain1
extracellular vesicle1
plasma membrane1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1380 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
GP6FCER1GP30273999
GP6VWFP04275997
GP6ITGA2P17301975
GP6LGALS3P17931974
GP6S100A10P08206954
GP6COL8A2P25067949
GP6GP5P40197949
GP6COL8A1P27658945
GP6FN1P02751932
GP6FYNP06241920
GP6GP1BAP07359917
GP6LYNP07948903
GP6SELPP16109897
GP6ITGA2BP08514893
GP6PLCG2P16885880

IntAct

19 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
GP6LYNpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.640
GP6FYNpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.560
GP6FYNpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
GP6CALM1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.520
CALM1GP6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.520
GP6YES1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
FCER1GGP6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
GP6BTNL8psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
GP6FGFRL1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
FSTL5GP6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
IL23AGP6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
GP6IL6Rpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
KIR2DS4GP6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
PILRAGP6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
GP6SEMA3Gpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400

BioGRID (17): GP6 (Affinity Capture-RNA), GP6 (Proximity Label-MS), LYN (Reconstituted Complex), FYN (Reconstituted Complex), LYN (Affinity Capture-Western), GP6 (Synthetic Lethality), CALM1 (Affinity Capture-Western), LYN (Affinity Capture-Western), FCER1G (Affinity Capture-Western), TRAF4 (Affinity Capture-Western), TGFB1I1 (Affinity Capture-Western), NCF1 (Affinity Capture-Western), PTK2B (Affinity Capture-Western), LYN (Affinity Capture-Western), GP6 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0K2S4Q6, A2A7V7, A6NI73, A8K4G0, O43699, O75019, O75022, O75023, O75871, O76036, P0C191, P20138, P24071, P40198, P59901, P80943, Q08708, Q13410, Q28110, Q3U497, Q496F6, Q64JA4, Q6GTX8, Q6ISS4, Q6PI73, Q6UXZ3, Q7TSN2, Q863H2, Q8C567, Q8K249, Q8MJZ2, Q8MJZ7, Q8N149, Q8N423, Q8N6C8, Q8NHJ6, Q8NHL6, Q8VBT3, Q8VCH2, Q95JB9

Diamond homologs: A0A0G2KBC9, A6NI73, C0HJX2, C0HJX3, D3ZQX2, O75019, O75022, O75023, O76036, P0C191, P24071, P43626, P43629, P43630, P59901, P83556, P97484, Q14943, Q14954, Q61450, Q64281, Q6GTX8, Q6ISS4, Q6PI73, Q7TQA1, Q863H2, Q8C567, Q8IYS5, Q8MJZ2, Q8MJZ7, Q8N109, Q8N149, Q8N423, Q8N6C8, Q8N743, Q8NHJ6, Q8NHK3, Q8NHL6, Q95JB9, Q9HCN6

SIGNOR signaling

5 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
GATA1“up-regulates quantity by expression”GP6“transcriptional regulation”
ETS1“up-regulates quantity by expression”GP6“transcriptional regulation”
FLI1“up-regulates quantity by expression”GP6“transcriptional regulation”
SP1“up-regulates quantity by expression”GP6“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

354 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic13
Likely pathogenic5
Uncertain significance147
Likely benign117
Benign50

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (18)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
1071188NM_016363.5(GP6):c.171C>G (p.Tyr57Ter)Pathogenic
1072837NM_016363.5(GP6):c.711dup (p.Val238fs)Pathogenic
2720135NM_016363.5(GP6):c.548dup (p.Ser184fs)Pathogenic
2789712NM_016363.5(GP6):c.472G>T (p.Glu158Ter)Pathogenic
287607NM_016363.5(GP6):c.479G>A (p.Trp160Ter)Pathogenic
2903349NM_016363.5(GP6):c.543C>A (p.Tyr181Ter)Pathogenic
2959947NM_016363.5(GP6):c.572G>A (p.Trp191Ter)Pathogenic
30504NM_016363.5(GP6):c.356_360dup (p.Gly121fs)Pathogenic
30506NM_016363.5(GP6):c.142_157del (p.Cys48fs)Pathogenic
3674675NM_016363.5(GP6):c.254_255insTAGG (p.Tyr86fs)Pathogenic
3697091NM_016363.5(GP6):c.438C>G (p.Tyr146Ter)Pathogenic
4691208NM_016363.5(GP6):c.64_65del (p.Ser22fs)Pathogenic
831173NC_000019.10:g.(?55025218)(55038236_?)delPathogenic
2019957NM_016363.5(GP6):c.610+2T>GLikely pathogenic
3657322NM_016363.5(GP6):c.725-1G>CLikely pathogenic
3657432NM_016363.5(GP6):c.67+2T>GLikely pathogenic
3712998NM_016363.5(GP6):c.611-1G>ALikely pathogenic
4542367NM_016363.5(GP6):c.48del (p.Arg17fs)Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1495 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
19:55015677:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
19:55015678:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
19:55015678:CT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
19:55015732:CT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
19:55015734:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
19:55018709:ATT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
19:55018710:TT:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
19:55018712:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
19:55015166:C:CAacceptor_loss0.9900
19:55015166:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
19:55015678:CTCA:Cdonor_gain0.9900
19:55015679:TCA:Tdonor_loss0.9900
19:55015680:CAC:Cdonor_loss0.9900
19:55015681:ACCA:Adonor_loss0.9900
19:55015682:CCAG:Cdonor_gain0.9900
19:55015729:AGTCT:Aacceptor_gain0.9900
19:55015730:GTCT:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
19:55015733:TCTGG:Tacceptor_loss0.9900
19:55018645:TAC:Tdonor_loss0.9900
19:55018646:ACT:Adonor_loss0.9900
19:55018647:CTCA:Cdonor_loss0.9900
19:55018648:T:TAdonor_loss0.9900
19:55018649:C:CGdonor_loss0.9900
19:55018650:A:ACdonor_gain0.9900
19:55018650:A:Tdonor_loss0.9900
19:55018651:C:CCdonor_gain0.9900
19:55018707:GAATT:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
19:55018708:AATT:Aacceptor_gain0.9900
19:55018713:T:Gacceptor_loss0.9900
19:55027860:CTC:Cacceptor_gain0.9900

AlphaMissense

2135 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
19:55027787:C:GC134S0.994
19:55027788:A:TC134S0.994
19:55032321:C:GC48S0.994
19:55032322:A:TC48S0.994
19:55027639:G:CF183L0.993
19:55027639:G:TF183L0.993
19:55027641:A:GF183L0.993
19:55027656:A:CY178D0.993
19:55032291:C:GR58P0.992
19:55027649:C:GC180S0.991
19:55027650:A:TC180S0.991
19:55032201:C:GC88S0.991
19:55032202:A:TC88S0.991
19:55027788:A:GC134R0.990
19:55027694:A:CF165C0.989
19:55032322:A:GC48R0.989
19:55027650:A:GC180R0.988
19:55027642:G:CS182R0.987
19:55027642:G:TS182R0.987
19:55027644:T:GS182R0.987
19:55027648:G:CC180W0.987
19:55027759:A:CF143L0.987
19:55027759:A:TF143L0.987
19:55027761:A:GF143L0.987
19:55032202:A:GC88R0.987
19:55027603:G:CS195R0.986
19:55027603:G:TS195R0.986
19:55027605:T:GS195R0.986
19:55032150:A:TL105H0.986
19:55027786:A:CC134W0.984

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000007956 (19:55017958 C>T), RS1000040332 (19:55036351 T>C), RS1000297837 (19:55020582 G>A), RS1000436377 (19:55035965 C>A,G,T), RS1000498501 (19:55015942 A>G), RS1000612224 (19:55019205 A>G), RS1000686126 (19:55021066 A>T), RS1000737976 (19:55021190 C>G), RS1000753751 (19:55026354 T>C,G), RS1000852502 (19:55015422 T>G), RS1001013215 (19:55025622 C>T), RS1001122928 (19:55018215 G>A,T), RS1001209065 (19:55026538 G>T), RS1001312128 (19:55031739 C>T), RS1001415006 (19:55028954 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605546 | disease phenotypes: MIM:614201

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
platelet-type bleeding disorder 11StrongAutosomal recessive

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
platelet-type bleeding disorder 11DefinitiveAR

Mondo (2): platelet-type bleeding disorder 11 (MONDO:0013623), thrombocytopenia (MONDO:0002049)

Orphanet (2): Bleeding diathesis due to a collagen receptor defect (Orphanet:73271), Bleeding diathesis due to glycoprotein VI deficiency (Orphanet:98885)

HPO phenotypes

10 total (10 of 10 shown, HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000007Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000132Menorrhagia
HP:0000421Epistaxis
HP:0000978Bruising susceptibility
HP:0003010Prolonged bleeding time
HP:0003593Infantile onset
HP:0008320Impaired collagen-induced platelet aggregation
HP:0011871Impaired ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation
HP:0011873Abnormal platelet count
HP:0031364Ecchymosis

GWAS associations

21 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST000693_12Platelet aggregation8.000000e-14
GCST004599_156Mean platelet volume9.000000e-28
GCST004616_48Platelet distribution width8.000000e-45
GCST004619_92Reticulocyte fraction of red cells3.000000e-09
GCST004622_81Reticulocyte count8.000000e-11
GCST006035_17Breast cancer and/or colorectal cancer3.000000e-06
GCST006585_1194Blood protein levels7.000000e-150
GCST008171_11Platelet aggregation2.000000e-08
GCST008171_6Platelet aggregation1.000000e-09
GCST008171_7Platelet aggregation1.000000e-09
GCST008171_8Platelet aggregation3.000000e-09
GCST009030_30Venous thromboembolism3.000000e-09
GCST90000584_16Inflammatory biomarkers (multivariate analysis)9.000000e-14
GCST90002385_520High light scatter reticulocyte count1.000000e-28
GCST90002386_217High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells6.000000e-26
GCST90002395_421Mean platelet volume7.000000e-69
GCST90002397_440Mean spheric corpuscular volume1.000000e-09
GCST90002401_298Platelet distribution width2.000000e-143
GCST90002402_573Platelet count3.000000e-09
GCST90002405_434Reticulocyte count3.000000e-37
GCST90002406_537Reticulocyte fraction of red cells2.000000e-34

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0007984platelet component distribution width
EFO:0007986reticulocyte count
EFO:0004872inflammatory biomarker measurement
EFO:0004309platelet count

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D013921ThrombocytopeniaC15.378.140.855; C15.378.243.937

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3308912 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

9 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 306,397 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

MoleculeNamePhasePatents
CHEMBL1069VALSARTAN438,585
CHEMBL1873475IBRUTINIB47,994
CHEMBL191LOSARTAN488,932
CHEMBL3707348ACALABRUTINIB44,504
CHEMBL3936761ZANUBRUTINIB42,484
CHEMBL4071161TIRABRUTINIB42,170
CHEMBL4072833EVOBRUTINIB3960
CHEMBL18786CINANSERIN2580
CHEMBL96GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID1160,188

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

VariantTypeLevelDrugsPhenotypes
rs1613662Efficacy3aspirinCoronary Artery Disease

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

VariantGenesLevelScore#Clin annotsDrugs
rs1613662GP632.501aspirin

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

1 measured of 1 human assays (1 total across all organisms); most potent 1 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

LigandMeasureValue
Glaucocalyxin AIC5021 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

17 potent at pChembl≥5 of 34 total, top 16 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
8.70IC502nMGLAUCOCALYXIN A
7.68IC5021nMGLAUCOCALYXIN A
7.51IC5031nMCHEMBL1235110
7.39Kd41.1nMGAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID
7.32IC5048nMCHEMBL1235110
6.92IC50120nMIBRUTINIB
6.29IC50510nMZANUBRUTINIB
6.24IC50570nMCHEMBL1235110
5.92IC501210nMACALABRUTINIB
5.92IC501200nMTIRABRUTINIB
5.40IC504000nMLOSARTAN
5.24IC505700nMCHEMBL3959435
5.23IC505840nMEVOBRUTINIB
5.17IC506700nMCHEMBL3959435
5.12IC507600nMCHEMBL308493
5.05IC509000nMS007-1558 (S)

PubChem BioAssay actives

17 with measured affinity, of 66 total; 12 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
(1R,2R,4S,9R,10S,13S,16R)-2,16-dihydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-6,15-dione1692275: Antagonist activity at GP6 in human platelet assessed as reduction in CRP-induced platelet-aggregation preincubated for 10 mins followed by collagen stimulation by aggregometryic500.0020uM
2-[[(1R,2S)-2-aminocyclohexyl]amino]-4-(3-methylanilino)pyrimidine-5-carboxamide1692283: Modulation of GP6 in human platelets assessed as reduction in convulxin-induced platelet aggregationic500.0310uM
.gamma.-aminobutyric acid1692270: Binding affinity to human platelet lysate GP6 at 0.1 uM by surface plasmon resonance analysiskd0.0411uM
Ibrutinib1692287: Inhibition of GP6 in human whole blood assessed as protein-mediated platelet aggregation preincubated for 15 mins followed by collagen stimulation and measured for 10 mins by multiple electrode aggregometryic500.1200uM
Zanubrutinib1692287: Inhibition of GP6 in human whole blood assessed as protein-mediated platelet aggregation preincubated for 15 mins followed by collagen stimulation and measured for 10 mins by multiple electrode aggregometryic500.5100uM
6-amino-9-[(3R)-1-but-2-ynoylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-7-(4-phenoxyphenyl)purin-8-one1692287: Inhibition of GP6 in human whole blood assessed as protein-mediated platelet aggregation preincubated for 15 mins followed by collagen stimulation and measured for 10 mins by multiple electrode aggregometryic501.2000uM
Acalabrutinib1692287: Inhibition of GP6 in human whole blood assessed as protein-mediated platelet aggregation preincubated for 15 mins followed by collagen stimulation and measured for 10 mins by multiple electrode aggregometryic501.2100uM
Losartan1692277: Antagonist activity at GP6 in human platelet assessed as reduction in collagen-induced platelet-aggregation preincubated for 60 secs followed by collagen stimulation by light transmission aggregometryic504.0000uM
2-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxamide1339062: Antagonist activity at GP6 receptor in human platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of CVX-induced platelet aggregation preincubated for 5 mins followed by CVX addition measured after 5 mins by turbidimetric methodic505.7000uM
1-[4-[[[6-amino-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]methyl]piperidin-1-yl]prop-2-en-1-one1692287: Inhibition of GP6 in human whole blood assessed as protein-mediated platelet aggregation preincubated for 15 mins followed by collagen stimulation and measured for 10 mins by multiple electrode aggregometryic505.8400uM
2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazole-4-carbaldehyde1339061: Antagonist activity at GP6 receptor in human platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of CRP-XL-induced platelet aggregation preincubated for 5 mins followed by CRP-XL addition measured after 5 mins by turbidimetric methodic507.6000uM
(3S)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxamide1339062: Antagonist activity at GP6 receptor in human platelet rich plasma assessed as inhibition of CVX-induced platelet aggregation preincubated for 5 mins followed by CVX addition measured after 5 mins by turbidimetric methodic509.0000uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

14 total (human), top 14 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
11-nor-delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acidaffects methylation, increases abundance1
aflatoxin B2increases methylation1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
Aspirindecreases response to substance1
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation1
Cadmiumdecreases expression1
Cannabinoidsaffects methylation, increases abundance1
T-2 Toxinincreases expression1
Tobacco Smoke Pollutiondecreases expression1
Vitamin Edecreases expression1
Aflatoxin B1increases methylation1
S-Nitrosoglutathioneincreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

32 unique, capped per target: 32 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL1064399BindingBinding affinity to human N-terminal Ig-like domain D1D2 GPVI expressed in Escherichia coli DH5alpha by NMR spectroscopyStructural basis for platelet antiaggregation by angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan (DuP-753) via glycoprotein VI. — J Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

240 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT00039858PHASE4COMPLETEDEvaluation of Argatroban Injection in Pediatric Patients Requiring Anticoagulant Alternatives to Heparin
NCT00239733PHASE4TERMINATEDAnti-D for Treating Thrombocytopenia in Adults Infected With Hepatitis C Virus With or Without HIV Co-Infection
NCT00907478PHASE4COMPLETEDStudy on Bone Marrow Morphology in Adults Receiving Romiplostim for Treatment of Thrombocytopenia Associated With Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)
NCT01727401PHASE4TERMINATEDThromboprophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Acutely-ill Medical Inpatients With Thrombocytopenia
NCT02032134PHASE4TERMINATEDProtocol for the Infusion of Buffy Coat-derived Cryopreserved Platelets in Patients With Severe Thrombocytopenia
NCT02267993PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy and Safety of rhTPO for the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia After Chemotherapy in AML Patients
NCT03633019PHASE4UNKNOWNHigh-dose Use of rhTPO in CIT Patients
NCT03688191PHASE4UNKNOWNStudy of Sirolimus in CTD-TP in China
NCT04906083PHASE4UNKNOWNAvatrombopag in Patients With End-stage Liver Disease and Thrombocytopenia
NCT05217719PHASE4UNKNOWNEffects of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin on Platelet Levels in ICU Patients
NCT05255003PHASE4RECRUITINGSTrategies for Anticoagulation in Patients With thRombocytopenia and Cancer-associated Thrombosis
NCT05382013PHASE4UNKNOWNEfficacy and Safety of Avatrombopag for Treating TCP in HBV-ACLF Patients Receiving ALSS Treatment
NCT05944458PHASE4COMPLETEDEfficacy of Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine in Preventing Linezolid-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Critically Ill Patients
NCT06562738PHASE4RECRUITINGClinical Study on Efficacy and Safety of Hetrombopag in the Preoperative Patients of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00037791PHASE3COMPLETEDSafety and Efficacy of (PN-152,243)/PN-196,444 in the Prevention of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00039910PHASE3COMPLETEDSafety and Efficacy of (PN-152,243)/PN-196,444 in the Prevention of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00073580PHASE3COMPLETEDAngiomax in Patients With HIT/HITTS Type II Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) (CHOOSE)
NCT00102323PHASE3COMPLETEDAMG 531 Treatment of Thrombocytopenic Subjects With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Refractory to Splenectomy
NCT00102336PHASE3COMPLETEDAMG 531 Treatment of Thrombocytopenic Subjects With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Prior to Splenectomy
NCT00116688PHASE3COMPLETEDOpen Label Extension Study of Romiplostim (AMG 531) in Thrombocytopenic Patients With Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
NCT00128713PHASE3COMPLETEDOptimal Platelet Dose Strategy for Management of Thrombocytopenia
NCT00151866PHASE3COMPLETEDEfficacy of Transfusions With Platelets Stored in Platelet Additive Solution II Versus Plasma
NCT00261924PHASE3COMPLETEDEfficacy and Safety Study of Platelets Treated for Pathogen Inactivation and Stored for Up to Seven Days
NCT00415532PHASE3COMPLETEDRomiplostim (AMG 531) Versus Medical Standard of Care for Immune (Idiopathic) Thrombocytopenic Purpura
NCT00420914PHASE3TERMINATEDStrategies for Transfusion of Platelets (SToP)
NCT00501345PHASE3TERMINATEDAspirin in Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Thrombocytopenia
NCT00508820PHASE3COMPLETEDAn Open Label Study of Romiplostim in Adult Thrombocytopenic Subjects With ITP
NCT00678587PHASE3TERMINATEDEltrombopag To Reduce The Need For Platelet Transfusion In Subjects With Chronic Liver Disease And Thrombocytopenia Undergoing Elective Invasive Procedures
NCT01438840PHASE3COMPLETEDEfficacy and Safety of Oral E5501 Plus Standard of Care for the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in Adults With Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia (Amendment 02)
NCT01444417PHASE3COMPLETEDSafety and Efficacy Study of Romiplostim to Treat Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) in Pediatric Patients
NCT01805648PHASE3UNKNOWNEfficacy and Safety Study of Maintenance Treatment With rhTPO in Thrombocytopenic Subjects With ITP
NCT02244658PHASE3UNKNOWNRecombinant Human Thrombopoietin (rhTPO) in Management of Chemotherapy-induced Thrombocytopenia in Acute Myelocytic Leukemia
NCT02389621PHASE3COMPLETEDSafety and Efficacy Study of Lusutrombopag for Thrombocytopenia in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease Undergoing Elective Invasive Procedures
NCT02444728PHASE3TERMINATEDCyclophosphamide and Hydroxychloroquine for Thrombocytopenia in SLE
NCT02487563PHASE3COMPLETEDProspective Study of Patients With Thrombocytopenia Following HSCT
NCT02578901PHASE3COMPLETEDAmerican Trial Using Tranexamic Acid in Thrombocytopenia
NCT03326843PHASE3TERMINATEDAvatrombopag for the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in Adults Scheduled for a Surgical Procedure
NCT03515096PHASE3COMPLETEDEltrombopag vs. rhTPO to Increase Platelet Level After HSCT
NCT05563064PHASE3UNKNOWNEffect of Herbal Formulation on Thrombocytes Count
NCT07442513PHASE3RECRUITINGComparison of Etamsylate Versus Placebo to Prevent Bleeding in HSCT