GPM6B

Summary

GPM6B (glycoprotein M6B, HGNC:4461) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xp22.2, encoding Neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-b (Q13491). May be involved in neural development.

This gene encodes a membrane glycoprotein that belongs to the proteolipid protein family. Proteolipid protein family members are expressed in most brain regions and are thought to be involved in cellular housekeeping functions such as membrane trafficking and cell-to-cell communication. This protein may also be involved in osteoblast differentiation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes Y and 22.

Source: NCBI Gene 2824 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 103 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001001995

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:4461
Approved symbol	GPM6B
Name	glycoprotein M6B
Location	Xp22.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	M6B, MGC17150, MGC54284
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000046653
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	300051
Entrez	2824

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 11 — 9 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000316715, ENST00000355135, ENST00000356942, ENST00000398361, ENST00000454189, ENST00000468080, ENST00000472735, ENST00000475307, ENST00000493085, ENST00000493677, ENST00000495211

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_001001995 NM_001001994, NM_001001995, NM_001001996, NM_001318729, NM_005278

CCDS: CCDS14158, CCDS35206, CCDS35207, CCDS48084

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000316715 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000665456	13776238	13776303
ENSE00000840448	13777352	13777425
ENSE00000840449	13779818	13779989
ENSE00001256001	13770939	13773030
ENSE00001814264	13816844	13817093
ENSE00003617141	13785622	13785808
ENSE00003667413	13807650	13807769
ENSE00003673184	13783365	13783521

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 283 present calls, max score 99.95.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 51.9268 / max 4033.3656, expressed in 680 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (16 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
198502	33.2292	647
198487	12.7159	321
198504	1.2174	290
198503	1.1579	296
198492	0.7599	125
198488	0.4525	118
198483	0.4126	125
198501	0.3996	158
198493	0.3187	113
198506	0.2967	189

Top tissues by expression

293 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	99.95	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	99.95	gold quality
inferior olivary complex	UBERON:0002127	99.94	gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglion	UBERON:0005363	99.94	gold quality
subthalamic nucleus	UBERON:0001906	99.92	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	99.92	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	99.91	gold quality
medulla oblongata	UBERON:0001896	99.90	gold quality
cranial nerve II	UBERON:0000941	99.89	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	99.88	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	99.88	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	99.86	gold quality
ventral tegmental area	UBERON:0002691	99.86	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	99.85	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	99.84	gold quality
globus pallidus	UBERON:0001875	99.82	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	99.82	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	99.80	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	99.79	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	99.79	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	99.74	gold quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	99.73	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	99.72	gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamus	UBERON:0001897	99.71	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	99.71	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	99.70	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	99.65	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	99.64	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	99.63	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	99.62	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 26 experiment(s), a significant marker in 24.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-137537	yes	3429.53
E-MTAB-8410	yes	3362.11
E-CURD-126	yes	3154.97
E-GEOD-124263	yes	3106.18
E-GEOD-93593	yes	3010.74
E-HCAD-5	yes	2443.87
E-MTAB-11121	yes	1778.69
E-HCAD-11	yes	1753.54
E-GEOD-135922	yes	1339.19
E-CURD-79	yes	809.48
E-MTAB-9154	yes	606.14
E-MTAB-7407	yes	543.95
E-ANND-5	yes	484.95
E-HCAD-35	yes	110.35
E-HCAD-25	yes	69.17

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

87 targeting GPM6B, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-548N	99.98	71.94	4170
HSA-MIR-4775	99.98	75.00	6394
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-493-5P	99.96	72.47	2382
HSA-MIR-141-3P	99.94	72.79	2421
HSA-MIR-200A-3P	99.94	72.68	2420
HSA-MIR-652-5P	99.91	67.49	505
HSA-MIR-4697-3P	99.89	67.09	1123
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-579-3P	99.86	71.66	3628
HSA-MIR-4728-5P	99.85	69.39	4718
HSA-MIR-544A	99.84	68.66	1965
HSA-MIR-664B-3P	99.84	71.65	3590
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-3121-3P	99.82	71.96	3630
HSA-MIR-202-5P	99.78	67.65	991
HSA-MIR-1299	99.77	71.24	2389
HSA-MIR-4658	99.77	64.94	514
HSA-MIR-6790-5P	99.77	65.24	505
HSA-MIR-4524A-3P	99.72	66.85	2406
HSA-MIR-149-3P	99.72	68.22	3963
HSA-MIR-1208	99.70	68.28	1533
HSA-MIR-1283	99.69	72.42	3009

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 9)

• it is unlikely that mutations in M6B have a role in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like syndrome, as examined in eight patients (PMID:15214007)
• Data suggest that M6B regulates serotonin uptake by affecting cellular trafficking of the serotonin transporter. (PMID:18581270)
• Microarray expression analysis of GPM6B-depleted osteogenic human mesenchymal stem cells revealed significant changes in genes involved in cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis. (PMID:21638316)
• Data show the Differences in high resolution melting analysis in promoters of tumor markers neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-B, melanoma antigen family A12 and immunoglobulin superfamily Fc receptor indicated invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:23950870)
• Circulating levels of DR6 and Gpm6B correlate with breast cancer tumor grade. (PMID:24696529)
• Data indicate that neuronal membrane glycoproteins GPM6A and GPM6B may act as novel oncogenes in the development of lymphoid leukemia. (PMID:24916915)
• Increase in the expression levels of mRNA and protein for the Gpm6B is associated with various types of gynaecological malignancy. (PMID:25113253)
• Findings demonstrate that GPM6B plays a crucial role in SMC differentiation and regulates SMC differentiation through the activation of TGF-beta-Smad2/3 signaling via direct interactions with TbetaRI. (PMID:30372567)
• GPM6B Inhibit PCa Proliferation by Blocking Prostate Cancer Cell Serotonin Absorptive Capacity. (PMID:33294057)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gpm6bb	ENSDARG00000001676
mus_musculus	Gpm6b	ENSMUSG00000031342
rattus_norvegicus	Gpm6b	ENSRNOG00000004613
drosophila_melanogaster	M6	FBGN0037092
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00017437

Paralogs (2): PLP1 (ENSG00000123560), GPM6A (ENSG00000150625)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-b — Q13491 (reviewed: Q13491)

All UniProt accessions (6): B7Z248, B7Z613, C9J028, C9J8H8, Q13491, C9JZE8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May be involved in neural development. Involved in regulation of osteoblast function and bone formation. Involved in matrix vesicle release by osteoblasts; this function seems to involve maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton. May be involved in cellular trafficking of SERT and thereby in regulation of serotonin uptake.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with SERT.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Neurons and glia; cerebellar Bergmann glia, in glia within white matter tracts of the cerebellum and cerebrum, and in embryonic dorsal root ganglia.

Similarity. Belongs to the myelin proteolipid protein family.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q13491-1	1, A	yes
Q13491-2	2, B
Q13491-3	3
Q13491-4	4

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_001001994, NP_001001995, NP_001001996, NP_001305658, NP_005269 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001614	Myelin_PLP	Family
IPR018237	Myelin_PLP_CS	Conserved_site

Pfam: PF01275

UniProt features (12 total): transmembrane region 4, splice variant 3, modified residue 2, glycosylation site 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q13491-F1	82.28	0.39

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (2): 318, 257

Glycosylation sites (2): 73, 177

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 397 (showing top): ATF_B, VERHAAK_AML_WITH_NPM1_MUTATED_DN, AGGAAGC_MIR5163P, GCM_MAP4K4, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, GOBP_NEUROTRANSMITTER_UPTAKE, ZHAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_MF_UP, TTTGTAG_MIR520D, GOBP_FOCAL_ADHESION_ASSEMBLY, AAGCCAT_MIR135A_MIR135B, GOBP_GLIAL_CELL_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_NEUROTRANSMITTER_TRANSPORT, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_JUNCTION_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_EXTRACELLULAR_MATRIX_ASSEMBLY

GO Biological Process (12): ossification (GO:0001503), nervous system development (GO:0007399), protein transport (GO:0015031), central nervous system myelination (GO:0022010), positive regulation of bone mineralization (GO:0030501), regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization (GO:0032956), negative regulation of serotonin uptake (GO:0051612), regulation of focal adhesion assembly (GO:0051893), axon development (GO:0061564), extracellular matrix assembly (GO:0085029), negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface (GO:2000009), cell differentiation (GO:0030154)

GO Molecular Function (2): structural constituent of myelin sheath (GO:0019911), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (4): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), myelin sheath (GO:0043209), membrane raft (GO:0045121), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
multicellular organismal process	1
system development	1
transport	1
intracellular protein localization	1
establishment of protein localization	1
oligodendrocyte development	1
axon ensheathment in central nervous system	1
myelination	1
bone mineralization	1
regulation of bone mineralization	1
positive regulation of ossification	1
positive regulation of biomineral tissue development	1
actin cytoskeleton organization	1
regulation of actin filament-based process	1
regulation of cytoskeleton organization	1
negative regulation of neurotransmitter uptake	1
serotonin uptake	1
regulation of serotonin uptake	1
regulation of cell-matrix adhesion	1
focal adhesion assembly	1
regulation of cell-substrate junction assembly	1
neuron projection development	1
cellular component assembly	1
extracellular matrix organization	1
protein localization to cell surface	1
negative regulation of protein localization	1
regulation of protein localization to cell surface	1
cellular developmental process	1
structural molecule activity	1
myelin sheath	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
membrane microdomain	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1120 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GPM6B	GDI1	P31150	691
GPM6B	NTNG2	Q96CW9	685
GPM6B	NTNG1	Q9Y2I2	668
GPM6B	GRPR	P30550	651
GPM6B	GLRA2	P23416	650
GPM6B	GLUD2	P49448	647
GPM6B	HCCS	P53701	602
GPM6B	TRAPPC2	P0DI81	582
GPM6B	CDKL5	O76039	552
GPM6B	SLC6A4	P31645	545
GPM6B	PTPRZ1	P23471	515
GPM6B	GLDN	Q6ZMI3	505
GPM6B	RAB9A	P51151	491
GPM6B	NRCAM	Q92823	490
GPM6B	OFD1	O75665	453

IntAct

15 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
EGFR	GPM6B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.550
ADGRG5	KLRG2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NUFIP1	PDE2A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GPM6B	NME2P1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
MTNR1B	GPM6B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
ERBB2	GPM6B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
SLC6A4	GPM6B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
MAPT	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HAX1	DNM1L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GPM6B	TM9SF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC44A1	UPK3BL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (35): GPM6B (Affinity Capture-MS), GPM6B (Affinity Capture-MS), GPM6B (Affinity Capture-MS), GPM6B (Affinity Capture-MS), GPM6B (Affinity Capture-MS), GPM6B (Affinity Capture-MS), GPM6B (Affinity Capture-MS), GPM6B (Affinity Capture-MS), GPM6B (Affinity Capture-MS), NME2P1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GPM6B (Two-hybrid), STX1A (Two-hybrid), ERGIC3 (Two-hybrid), GPM6B (Two-hybrid), GPM6B (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A2R8RY99, A0PK11, A9UL59, B2RVW2, B4L184, B4LC58, B4N5D3, D3ZFW5, O95473, P23290, P35801, P35802, P35803, P36964, P36965, P51674, P56749, P58418, P79826, Q0IIL2, Q0P4G7, Q0VD07, Q11085, Q13491, Q2YDD6, Q53R12, Q5R603, Q5R9K1, Q5R9Q3, Q5R9R3, Q5T9L3, Q5ZLR1, Q6AYR5, Q6CRM6, Q6DID7, Q6P689, Q6UX40, Q754N9, Q7YWX7, Q812E9

Diamond homologs: P04116, P23289, P23290, P23294, P35801, P35802, P35803, P36963, P36964, P36965, P47789, P47790, P51674, P60201, P60202, P60203, P79826, Q0VD07, Q13491, Q5R603, Q5R6E6, Q5R9Q3, Q712P7, Q812E9, Q8HXW7, Q9JJK1

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

103 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	22
Likely benign	4
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1159 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
X:13776304:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:13777346:GTTTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
X:13777347:TTTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:13777348:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:13777349:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:13777350:A:AG	donor_loss	1.0000
X:13777423:TAC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:13777426:C:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:13777427:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:13779986:CGAA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:13783517:GTATC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:13783518:TATC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:13783520:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:13783520:TCC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:13783521:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:13783522:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:13783522:CT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:13783523:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
X:13785619:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
X:13785620:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
X:13785620:AC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
X:13785620:ACAC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
X:13785621:C:CG	donor_gain	1.0000
X:13785621:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
X:13785621:CA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:13785621:CACC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:13785621:CACCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
X:13785804:GCAGC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:13785805:CAGC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
X:13785805:CAGCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2158 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
X:13785731:C:A	G47W	1.000
X:13785751:G:T	A40D	1.000
X:13776239:A:G	L239P	0.999
X:13776257:C:T	G233D	0.999
X:13776258:C:G	G233R	0.999
X:13776263:C:T	G231E	0.999
X:13776264:C:G	G231R	0.999
X:13776264:C:T	G231R	0.999
X:13779956:A:G	W147R	0.999
X:13779956:A:T	W147R	0.999
X:13783445:C:G	G109R	0.999
X:13783456:A:G	L105P	0.999
X:13783466:C:G	G102R	0.999
X:13783466:C:T	G102R	0.999
X:13783492:C:T	G93E	0.999
X:13783493:C:G	G93R	0.999
X:13783493:C:T	G93R	0.999
X:13785716:A:G	C52R	0.999
X:13785730:C:T	G47E	0.999
X:13785731:C:G	G47R	0.999
X:13785731:C:T	G47R	0.999
X:13785757:A:G	L38P	0.999
X:13785769:G:T	P34H	0.999
X:13776242:G:T	A238D	0.998
X:13776284:A:G	L224P	0.998
X:13777365:C:T	C213Y	0.998
X:13779940:C:T	G152D	0.998
X:13779950:C:G	G149R	0.998
X:13783371:A:C	S133R	0.998
X:13783371:A:T	S133R	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000008602 (X:13890139 C>G,T), RS1000014315 (X:13884718 G>A), RS1000018045 (X:13776574 G>A), RS1000067885 (X:13787491 G>A), RS1000094085 (X:13794839 G>A), RS1000105423 (X:13903003 G>A), RS1000141596 (X:13915735 A>G), RS1000157684 (X:13903394 C>G,T), RS1000160465 (X:13829991 G>T), RS1000163493 (X:13793329 A>G), RS1000205980 (X:13807538 A>G), RS1000222772 (X:13939477 A>C,T), RS1000228090 (X:13890556 T>C), RS1000245394 (X:13787886 C>T), RS1000261572 (X:13849089 A>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:300051 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): intellectual disability (MONDO:0001071)

Orphanet (1): NON RARE IN EUROPE: Unexplained intellectual disability (Orphanet:319658)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST005248_1	Delayed reward discounting	1.000000e-08
GCST90011770_87	Glaucoma (primary open-angle)	2.000000e-10

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008476	delayed reward discounting measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D008607	Intellectual Disability	C10.597.606.360; C23.888.592.604.646; F01.700.687; F03.625.539

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

63 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression, decreases methylation	5
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases expression, increases methylation	3
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, decreases methylation, increases methylation	3
mercuric bromide	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
entinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
testosterone enanthate	affects expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
lead acetate	decreases expression	1
sulforaphane	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
chloroquine diphosphate	increases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
potassium chromate(VI)	increases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
nickel sulfate	increases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
chromium hexavalent ion	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	1
2,2’,4,4’,5-brominated diphenyl ether	decreases expression	1
dorsomorphin	increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
NSC 689534	affects binding, decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Decitabine	affects expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	1
Bexarotene	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

197 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT05657860	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Guanfacine Extended Release for the Reduction of Aggression and Self-injurious Behavior Associated With Prader-Willi Syndrome
NCT05744479	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Metformin for Antipsychotic-induced Weight Gain in Adults With Intellectual Disability
NCT06107829	PHASE4	WITHDRAWN	Valbenazine Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia in Adults With Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities
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