GPN3

Summary

GPN3 (GPN-loop GTPase 3, HGNC:30186) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q24.11, encoding GPN-loop GTPase 3 (Q9UHW5). Small GTPase involved in the correct assembly of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) complex, ensuring proper nuclear import of RNAPII. It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 98.6% of cancer cell lines).

Predicted to enable GTPase activity. Part of protein-containing complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 51184 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 29 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 98.6% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_016301

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30186
Approved symbol	GPN3
Name	GPN-loop GTPase 3
Location	12q24.11
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	MGC14560
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000111231
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
Entrez	51184

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 11 — 8 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000228827, ENST00000537466, ENST00000543199, ENST00000546592, ENST00000547323, ENST00000549963, ENST00000550228, ENST00000550974, ENST00000551079, ENST00000552180, ENST00000912297

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_016301 NM_001164372, NM_001164373, NM_016301

CCDS: CCDS53830, CCDS53831, CCDS9147

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000228827 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000755100	110453743	110453871
ENSE00000834802	110455586	110455682
ENSE00000834803	110455815	110455930
ENSE00000834804	110457510	110457634
ENSE00000834805	110459695	110459862
ENSE00001133231	110468156	110468257
ENSE00002351545	110452486	110453096
ENSE00003681158	110465106	110465214

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 285 present calls, max score 96.05.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 18.4492 / max 146.3959, expressed in 1797 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
133234	16.6967	1791
133233	1.0913	594
133237	0.6320	166
133236	0.0172	4
133235	0.0119	5

Top tissues by expression

291 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	96.05	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	95.88	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	93.28	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	92.86	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	92.65	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	92.63	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	92.60	gold quality
skeletal muscle organ	UBERON:0014892	92.60	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	92.59	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	92.23	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	92.07	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	91.78	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	91.62	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	91.30	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	91.30	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	91.23	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	91.23	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	90.97	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	90.86	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	90.74	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	90.73	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	90.65	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	90.64	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	90.58	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	90.52	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	90.40	gold quality
artery	UBERON:0001637	90.35	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	90.10	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	90.08	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	90.05	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	9.54
E-CURD-112	yes	9.30

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

47 targeting GPN3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-4789-3P	99.99	70.75	2484
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-1250-3P	99.96	70.04	4038
HSA-MIR-335-3P	99.93	73.36	4958
HSA-MIR-374B-5P	99.90	69.98	2734
HSA-MIR-374A-5P	99.90	71.34	2923
HSA-MIR-548D-3P	99.87	70.67	4362
HSA-MIR-548BB-3P	99.86	70.58	4354
HSA-MIR-369-3P	99.85	70.52	2264
HSA-MIR-5003-3P	99.85	69.29	2517
HSA-MIR-548AC	99.84	70.77	4351
HSA-MIR-548H-3P	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-548Z	99.84	70.80	4349
HSA-MIR-548AZ-5P	99.83	69.94	3230
HSA-MIR-548T-5P	99.83	69.91	3220
HSA-MIR-3133	99.81	70.92	3506
HSA-MIR-374C-5P	99.80	72.06	2910
HSA-MIR-655-3P	99.80	72.19	2909
HSA-MIR-8084	99.73	69.57	1760
HSA-MIR-4446-5P	99.72	69.19	2544
HSA-MIR-466	99.67	70.85	2863
HSA-MIR-3609	99.52	69.89	2587
HSA-MIR-548AH-5P	99.52	69.73	2626
HSA-MIR-6083	99.47	68.73	2393

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 98.6% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• Data show that GPN1/GPN3 define a new family of small GTPases that are specialized for the transport of RNA polymerase II into the nucleus. (PMID:21768307)
• Parcs/Gpn3 plays a critical role in the nuclear accumulation of RNAP II, and this function explains the relative importance of Parcs/Gpn3 in cell proliferation. (PMID:21782856)
• Gpn1-Gpn3 interaction was essential to maintain steady-state protein levels of both GTPases (PMID:25241168)
• an acquired PDZ-binding motif in Gpn3 Q279* caused Gpn3 nuclear entry, and inhibited Gpn1 nuclear export and Gpn3-mediated RNAPII nuclear targeting. (PMID:28940195)
• Results indicate that polyubiquitination on lysine 216 is a regulatory process for proteasomal degradation of Gpn3 that is not in a complex with Gpn1, a critical partner of Gpn3 in human cells. (PMID:29029378)
• our analysis of public data revealed that Gpn3 overexpression was associated with a significant decrease in overall survival in patients with estrogen receptor-positive and Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+) breast cancer, supporting our proposal that targeting Gpn3 could potentially benefit patients with breast cancer. (PMID:31431135)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gpn3	ENSDARG00000069525
mus_musculus	Gpn3	ENSMUSG00000029464
rattus_norvegicus	Gpn3	ENSRNOG00000001278
drosophila_melanogaster	CG2656	FBGN0037478
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00013550

Paralogs (2): GPN2 (ENSG00000142751), GPN1 (ENSG00000198522)

Protein

Protein identifiers

GPN-loop GTPase 3 — Q9UHW5 (reviewed: Q9UHW5)

Alternative names: ATP-binding domain 1 family member C

All UniProt accessions (5): Q9UHW5, F8W1F4, H0YHZ5, H0YI19, S4R3M7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Small GTPase involved in the correct assembly of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) complex, ensuring proper nuclear import of RNAPII.

Subunit / interactions. Heterodimer with GPN1. Binds to RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Interacts directly with subunits RPB4 and RPB7 and the CTD of RPB1.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus.

Post-translational modifications. Polyubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome in the nucleus. Polyubiquitination is tightly controlled by GPN1 through interaction.

Similarity. Belongs to the GPN-loop GTPase family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9UHW5-1	1	yes
Q9UHW5-2	2
Q9UHW5-3	3

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001157844, NP_001157845, NP_057385* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004130	Gpn	Family
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR030228	Gpn3	Family

Pfam: PF03029

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate + H(+) (RHEA:19669)

UniProt features (32 total): binding site 13, short sequence motif 6, sequence conflict 3, splice variant 2, sequence variant 2, mutagenesis site 2, chain 1, domain 1, site 1, cross-link 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9UHW5-F1	85.88	0.57

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 74 (stabilizes the phosphate intermediate; shared with dimeric partner)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (13): 15; 15; 16; 17; 17; 17; 18; 18; 40; 177; 177; 13 …

Post-translational modifications (1): 216

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2):

Position	Phenotype
210	slightly decreased ubiquitination. further decreased ubiquitination; when associated with r-216.
216	markedly decreased ubiquitination. does not affect the movement between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. slowly decreased

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 172 (showing top): E2F_Q4_01, GOBP_INTRACELLULAR_PROTEIN_TRANSPORT, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GOBP_ESTABLISHMENT_OF_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_ORGANELLE, GOBP_NUCLEAR_TRANSPORT, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, E2F_Q3, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_UP, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_ORGANELLE, E2F1_Q3, DANG_BOUND_BY_MYC, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_NUCLEUS, E2F_Q3_01, MARSON_BOUND_BY_FOXP3_STIMULATED

GO Biological Process (1): protein import into nucleus (GO:0006606)

GO Molecular Function (5): GTPase activity (GO:0003924), GTP binding (GO:0005525), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO Cellular Component (3): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
intracellular protein transport	1
protein localization to nucleus	1
import into nucleus	1
establishment of protein localization to organelle	1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity	1
guanyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cellular_component	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1839 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GPN3	RPAP2	Q8IXW5	736
GPN3	RPAP1	Q9BWH6	691
GPN3	GPN1	Q9HCN4	679
GPN3	POLR2K	P53803	663
GPN3	SLC7A6OS	Q96CW6	662
GPN3	GPN2	Q9H9Y4	652
GPN3	POLR2L	P52436	616
GPN3	POLR2C	P19387	615
GPN3	POLR2B	P30876	603
GPN3	FAM216A	Q8WUB2	596
GPN3	POLR2J	P52435	555
GPN3	POLR2F	P41584	555
GPN3	POLR2D	O15514	524
GPN3	POLR2A	P24928	516
GPN3	POLR2E	P19388	484

IntAct

96 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
POLR2E	POLR3A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.870
POLR2J	POLR1C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.830
MED9	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.790
MED14	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.790
MED26	MED19	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
POLR2C	POLR2D	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
RPRD1B	RECQL5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
VAPB	FAM83G	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
POLR2J	POLR2D	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
RPRD1B	POLR2D	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
GPN3	GPN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.700
GPN1	GPN3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.700
GPN3	GPN1	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.700
POLR2L	RCCD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
SCN2B	EXOC5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
POLR3K	POLR3A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
POLR2D	RECQL5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
POLR2F	POLR3A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
GTPBP2	GPN3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KSR2	POLR3A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
POLR2I	SUPT5H	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (220): RPRD1A (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR3K (Affinity Capture-MS), PIH1D1 (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR2G (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR3H (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR1E (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR1B (Affinity Capture-MS), ASPM (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR1A (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR3A (Affinity Capture-MS), RPAP2 (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR3E (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR2A (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR2D (Affinity Capture-MS), POLR3B (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4FV08, A4IHW6, A5PJI5, G3V9T7, O43681, O54984, O94973, P16298, P17427, P18484, P20651, P48452, P48453, P63328, P63329, Q08209, Q08211, Q0IIZ2, Q0P5E2, Q0VCK5, Q17QL1, Q28141, Q2KJ61, Q2YDH6, Q2YDM2, Q3MHC2, Q503E1, Q5HZM6, Q5NVE6, Q5R5S4, Q5R874, Q5RIC0, Q5TA45, Q5ZHS1, Q5ZIH0, Q6GNQ1, Q6IQE5, Q6NVL5, Q6R518, Q7RTP6

Diamond homologs: A6H7F2, D4A7C0, O14443, P0CN94, P0CN95, Q06543, Q08726, Q0P5E2, Q28I42, Q4IQT8, Q4PF70, Q4R579, Q4V7Z0, Q4WT40, Q54NK8, Q54TE7, Q56XY2, Q58DD9, Q5A0W6, Q5BJ53, Q66KF6, Q6BI59, Q6CBB5, Q6CQA6, Q6FSS0, Q6PUR6, Q6R518, Q6ZM63, Q750Q9, Q8VEJ1, Q9D3W4, Q9H9Y4, Q9UHW5, Q9UTL7, Q54C25, Q8W586, A4FUD1, O42906, P46577, P47122

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 109 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
RNA Polymerase III Chain Elongation	12	101.5×	1e-20
FGFR2 mutant receptor activation	10	101.5×	8e-18
Signaling by FGFR2 IIIa TM	10	80.1×	2e-16
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Termination	12	79.4×	2e-19
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 2 Promoter	13	73.3×	4e-20
Abortive elongation of HIV-1 transcript in the absence of Tat	11	72.8×	2e-17
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 1 Promoter	13	70.7×	4e-20
RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 3 Promoter	13	70.7×	4e-20

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
positive regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II	7	21.7×	9e-06
RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly	6	16.8×	2e-04
positive regulation of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II	6	16.8×	2e-04
transcription by RNA polymerase II	11	8.0×	3e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

29 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	24
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1440 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:110453101:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110453103:CAA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110453105:A:AC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110453105:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110453738:ATTAC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:110453739:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:110453740:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:110453741:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:110453742:CCTT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:110453835:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110453836:G:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110453868:CAAT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110453875:CAAGT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110453879:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110455813:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:110455814:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:110455814:CTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:110455814:CTTCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:110455820:AATTT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
12:110455926:ATAAA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110455927:TAAA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110455928:AAAC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:110455930:AC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:110455931:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110455932:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:110457501:G:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:110459721:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
12:110459776:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
12:110459860:TGT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:110465100:ACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1916 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:110455857:T:A	K175I	1.000
12:110459780:G:C	C80W	1.000
12:110459781:C:T	C80Y	1.000
12:110468160:C:T	G15E	1.000
12:110468161:C:A	G15W	1.000
12:110468176:C:G	G10R	1.000
12:110455856:T:A	K175N	0.999
12:110455856:T:G	K175N	0.999
12:110457630:C:A	Q110H	0.999
12:110457630:C:G	Q110H	0.999
12:110457634:C:T	G109D	0.999
12:110459695:C:A	G109C	0.999
12:110459695:C:G	G109R	0.999
12:110459701:A:G	C107R	0.999
12:110459703:T:C	D106G	0.999
12:110459703:T:G	D106A	0.999
12:110459798:G:C	N74K	0.999
12:110459798:G:T	N74K	0.999
12:110459805:C:T	G72D	0.999
12:110459856:C:G	R55P	0.999
12:110465141:G:T	P41Q	0.999
12:110465143:A:C	D40E	0.999
12:110465143:A:T	D40E	0.999
12:110465144:T:A	D40V	0.999
12:110465144:T:C	D40G	0.999
12:110465149:G:C	N38K	0.999
12:110465149:G:T	N38K	0.999
12:110465168:C:G	R32P	0.999
12:110465203:A:C	C20W	0.999
12:110465204:C:T	C20Y	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000234468 (12:110467687 C>G,T), RS1000288999 (12:110453836 G>A,T), RS1000308884 (12:110461376 A>G), RS1000350321 (12:110467906 GGTT>G), RS1000458476 (12:110460920 C>T), RS1000462140 (12:110461120 G>A), RS1000757989 (12:110453459 A>G), RS1000795077 (12:110459578 G>A,T), RS1000867822 (12:110459326 C>A), RS1000974828 (12:110465993 C>T), RS1001604658 (12:110452489 T>G), RS1001684684 (12:110462246 A>G), RS1001685093 (12:110460018 A>G), RS1001755729 (12:110454148 G>A), RS1001929509 (12:110452868 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST008103_92	Bipolar disorder	1.000000e-06
GCST010988_502	Adult body size	3.000000e-11

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

23 total (human), top 23 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Air Pollutants	affects expression, increases abundance, decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
pirinixic acid	increases activity, affects binding, decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression, increases abundance	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
MT19c compound	increases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants, Occupational	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene	increases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Nickel	decreases expression	1
Ozone	increases abundance, affects expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases expression	1
Vitamin E	decreases expression	1
Lactic Acid	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.