GPR12

Summary

GPR12 (G protein-coupled receptor 12, HGNC:4466) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 13q12.13, encoding G-protein coupled receptor 12 (P47775). Brain-specific G protein-coupled receptor involved in regulating diverse physiological processes including neurite outgrowth, meiotic arrest, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

Predicted to enable G protein-coupled receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and regulation of metabolic process. Predicted to act upstream of or within G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and intracellular calcium ion homeostasis. Predicted to be located in membrane. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm and plasma membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 2835 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 4
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 36 total
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_005288

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:4466
Approved symbol	GPR12
Name	G protein-coupled receptor 12
Location	13q12.13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	GPCR21, PPP1R84
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000132975
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	600752
Entrez	2835

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 3 protein_coding

ENST00000381436, ENST00000405846, ENST00000881746

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_005288 NM_005288

CCDS: CCDS9319

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000405846 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001554465	26755200	26759842
ENSE00001555433	26760579	26760786

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 102 present calls, max score 96.54.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 1.0667 / max 81.9065, expressed in 118 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
136477	0.8110	106
136478	0.1644	76
136476	0.0913	39

Top tissues by expression

277 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	96.54	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	86.11	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	80.46	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	80.43	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	79.48	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	78.96	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	78.23	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	78.00	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	77.49	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	77.41	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	76.99	gold quality
embryo	UBERON:0000922	76.80	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	75.07	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	74.64	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	73.70	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	73.69	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	73.31	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	73.26	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	73.17	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	72.93	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	72.14	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	72.07	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	72.06	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	71.90	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	71.28	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	70.86	silver quality
olfactory bulb	UBERON:0002264	70.77	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	70.05	gold quality
forebrain	UBERON:0001890	69.62	gold quality
central nervous system	UBERON:0001017	69.50	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	2.93

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

145 targeting GPR12, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-4673	100.00	66.64	1490
HSA-MIR-4776-3P	100.00	68.73	1340
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-34A-5P	99.99	71.21	1784
HSA-MIR-449A	99.99	71.05	1776
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-4645-5P	99.98	65.81	1284
HSA-MIR-103A-3P	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-107	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-433-3P	99.98	69.37	1203
HSA-MIR-548N	99.98	71.94	4170
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-34C-5P	99.97	70.45	1577
HSA-MIR-449B-5P	99.97	70.26	1580
HSA-MIR-1229-3P	99.97	66.49	906
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-302E	99.96	70.74	2669
HSA-MIR-495-3P	99.96	72.81	4197
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504
HSA-MIR-548AA	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548AP-3P	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548T-3P	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-3910	99.95	71.13	2227

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• control of gene expression in vascular endothelial cells in the presence of fluid shear stress and classifies it as a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (PMID:12649592)
• GPR12 may play a role in cell proliferation and survival (PMID:22430950)
• Since we have demonstrated that CBD is an inverse agonist for GPR12, this provides novel mechanism of action for CBD, and an initial chemical scaffold upon which highly potent and efficacious agents acting on GPR12 may be developed with the ultimate goal of blocking cancer metastasis. (PMID:28888984)
• GPR12 inhibits migration and promotes apoptosis in esophageal cancer and hypopharyngeal cancer cells. (PMID:33742771)
• Structural insight into the constitutive activity of human orphan receptor GPR12. (PMID:36593162)
• Exosomal miR-105-5p derived from bladder cancer stem cells targets for GPR12 to promote the malignancy of bladder cancer. (PMID:37789353)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gpr12	ENSDARG00000062934
mus_musculus	Gpr12	ENSMUSG00000041468
rattus_norvegicus	Gpr12	ENSRNOG00000039832

Paralogs (18): LPAR2 (ENSG00000064547), CNR1 (ENSG00000118432), MC3R (ENSG00000124089), S1PR4 (ENSG00000125910), GPR6 (ENSG00000146360), GPR119 (ENSG00000147262), MC4R (ENSG00000166603), S1PR1 (ENSG00000170989), LPAR3 (ENSG00000171517), MC5R (ENSG00000176136), S1PR5 (ENSG00000180739), GPR3 (ENSG00000181773), MC2R (ENSG00000185231), CNR2 (ENSG00000188822), LPAR1 (ENSG00000198121), S1PR3 (ENSG00000213694), MC1R (ENSG00000258839), S1PR2 (ENSG00000267534)

Protein

Protein identifiers

G-protein coupled receptor 12 — P47775 (reviewed: P47775)

All UniProt accessions (2): A8K2F5, P47775

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Brain-specific G protein-coupled receptor involved in regulating diverse physiological processes including neurite outgrowth, meiotic arrest, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Functions as a receptor with constitutive G(s)-mediated signaling activity that stimulates cyclic AMP (cAMP) production. Also engages the G(i)/G(o) pathway, which counteracts the cAMP increase driven by G(s) activation. Additionally, two lipids sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) may act as endogenous ligand and activate GPR12.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with GNAS.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_005279* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000276	GPCR_Rhodpsn	Family
IPR000599	GPR12	Family
IPR000723	GPR_3/6/12_orphan	Family
IPR017452	GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM	Domain

Pfam: PF00001

UniProt features (42 total): helix 13, topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, mutagenesis site 4, modified residue 2, glycosylation site 2, strand 2, chain 1, lipid moiety-binding region 1, disulfide bond 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7Y3G	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.77

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P47775-F1	84.37	0.60

Antibody-complex structures (SAbDab): 1 — 7Y3G

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (3): 330, 332, 317

Disulfide bonds (1): 181–188

Glycosylation sites (2): 8, 24

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (4):

Position	Phenotype
47	greatly decreased constitutive activity of gpr12.
181	greatly decreased constitutive activity of gpr12.
188	greatly decreased constitutive activity of gpr12.
284	greatly decreased constitutive activity of gpr12.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 128 (showing top): FXR_IR1_Q6, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, XU_GH1_AUTOCRINE_TARGETS_UP, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_48HR_DN, GOBP_ADENYLATE_CYCLASE_MODULATING_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, SANSOM_APC_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_ION_HOMEOSTASIS, ACEVEDO_METHYLATED_IN_LIVER_CANCER_DN, JACKSON_DNMT1_TARGETS_UP, AP2_Q6_01, NKX3A_01, SHEN_SMARCA2_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_HOMEOSTATIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CHEMICAL_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_ADENYLATE_CYCLASE_ACTIVATING_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY

GO Biological Process (4): intracellular calcium ion homeostasis (GO:0006874), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007189), signal transduction (GO:0007165)

GO Molecular Function (2): G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930), phosphatidylcholine binding (GO:0031210)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis	1
calcium ion homeostasis	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
adenylate cyclase activator activity	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
phospholipid binding	1
cation binding	1
quaternary ammonium group binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

638 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GPR12	GPR55	Q9Y2T6	690
GPR12	GPR18	Q14330	658
GPR12	LRRC61	Q9BV99	528
GPR12	TRPV2	Q9Y5S1	486
GPR12	TRPM8	Q7Z2W7	470
GPR12	GPR4	P46093	466
GPR12	GPR31	O00270	464
GPR12	TRPV3	Q8NET8	434
GPR12	GPR139	Q6DWJ6	428
GPR12	TRPA1	O75762	426
GPR12	PDE3A	Q14432	424
GPR12	TRPV1	Q8NER1	409
GPR12	GPR35	Q9HC97	402
GPR12	GPR21	Q99679	390
GPR12	GPR22	Q99680	379
GPR12	ALDH18A1	P54886	379

IntAct

130 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PPP1CA	GPR12	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	PDZD2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
PATJ	GPR12	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	DLG3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	SYNJ2BP	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	APBA1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
MPDZ	GPR12	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	TIAM2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	PICK1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	PTPN3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	DLG4	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	APBA3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	MPP2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	PDZRN4	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	LDB3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	NHERF4	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	SNX27	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	GOPC	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	ARHGAP21	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	NHERF2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	SNTG1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	SNTG2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	RHPN1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	FRMPD4	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	AHNAK	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GPR12	IL16	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440

BioGRID (93): ABCD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC7A2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC16A13 (Affinity Capture-MS), TAP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC35G2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MFSD9 (Affinity Capture-MS), CDC6 (Affinity Capture-MS), TFB2M (Affinity Capture-MS), PANX1 (Affinity Capture-MS), BTAF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC29A1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SURF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), DGAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC2A12 (Affinity Capture-MS), PARL (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A5A4K9, A5A4L1, O02667, O08725, P0DMS8, P11616, P25099, P28190, P28647, P30542, P30731, P32304, P32305, P34970, P35342, P47745, P47775, P49892, P50407, P60893, P60894, P60895, Q0VC81, Q28309, Q5E9H8, Q5QD04, Q5RBG7, Q5RF57, Q60612, Q61618, Q6PI62, Q8BZA7, Q8VHD7, Q91559, Q923X8, Q923Y1, Q923Y2, Q923Y6, Q92847, Q95254

Diamond homologs: B0V1P1, O02777, O08530, O19037, O77616, O95136, O95977, P21453, P32244, P33033, P35413, P41968, P46089, P46095, P46628, P47752, P47775, P47798, P48303, P51651, P52592, P55167, P56442, P56443, P56444, P56445, P56446, P56447, P56448, P61793, P61794, Q01727, Q28031, Q29154, Q5E9P3, Q684M3, Q6A155, Q6YNI2, Q80SS9, Q80SZ5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 83 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors	8	36.9×	3e-09
Neurexins and neuroligins	9	32.2×	1e-09
Protein-protein interactions at synapses	6	29.0×	3e-06
RHOA GTPase cycle	5	6.8×	7e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity	9	65.4×	4e-12
protein localization to synapse	5	47.9×	6e-06
receptor clustering	6	46.8×	7e-07
regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels	5	31.0×	4e-05
protein-containing complex assembly	9	12.8×	6e-06
cell-cell adhesion	9	11.4×	8e-06
protein localization to plasma membrane	8	10.9×	5e-05
regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction	5	9.0×	4e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

36 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	31
Likely benign	0
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

321 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
13:26760616:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9800
13:26760607:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9500
13:26758675:T:C	donor_gain	0.9400
13:26758670:A:C	donor_gain	0.9300
13:26760573:GGTCA:G	donor_loss	0.9300
13:26760574:GTCA:G	donor_loss	0.9300
13:26760575:TCA:T	donor_loss	0.9300
13:26760576:CA:C	donor_loss	0.9300
13:26760577:A:AT	donor_loss	0.9300
13:26760578:C:CG	donor_loss	0.9300
13:26760587:G:A	donor_gain	0.9200
13:26759843:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.9100
13:26759843:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9000
13:26759839:TCCTC:T	acceptor_gain	0.8900
13:26759838:GTCCT:G	acceptor_gain	0.8800
13:26759841:CT:C	acceptor_gain	0.8800
13:26759902:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.8800
13:26760579:C:G	donor_loss	0.8800
13:26759849:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.8700
13:26759840:CCTCT:C	acceptor_gain	0.8500
13:26759841:CTCTT:C	acceptor_gain	0.8500
13:26759839:TCCT:T	acceptor_gain	0.8400
13:26759840:CCTC:C	acceptor_gain	0.8400
13:26759439:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.8200
13:26759840:CCT:C	acceptor_gain	0.8200
13:26759841:CTC:C	acceptor_gain	0.8200
13:26759842:TCT:T	acceptor_gain	0.8200
13:26759901:CA:C	acceptor_gain	0.7900
13:26760580:T:C	donor_loss	0.7800
13:26760604:T:TA	donor_gain	0.7800

AlphaMissense

2148 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
13:26759573:G:C	S85R	1.000
13:26759573:G:T	S85R	1.000
13:26759575:T:G	S85R	1.000
13:26759038:A:G	W264R	0.999
13:26759038:A:T	W264R	0.999
13:26759415:C:G	R138P	0.999
13:26759438:G:C	S130R	0.999
13:26759438:G:T	S130R	0.999
13:26759440:T:G	S130R	0.999
13:26759547:C:T	G94D	0.999
13:26759548:C:G	G94R	0.999
13:26759559:T:A	D90V	0.999
13:26759559:T:C	D90G	0.999
13:26759559:T:G	D90A	0.999
13:26759642:A:C	N62K	0.999
13:26759642:A:T	N62K	0.999
13:26759664:C:T	G55E	0.999
13:26759665:C:G	G55R	0.999
13:26759665:C:T	G55R	0.999
13:26758929:A:T	I300K	0.998
13:26758937:G:C	N297K	0.998
13:26758937:G:T	N297K	0.998
13:26758959:G:T	A290D	0.998
13:26759031:G:C	P266R	0.998
13:26759048:A:C	F260L	0.998
13:26759048:A:T	F260L	0.998
13:26759050:A:G	F260L	0.998
13:26759314:C:G	G172R	0.998
13:26759314:C:T	G172R	0.998
13:26759335:A:G	W165R	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000391828 (13:26758392 A>G,T), RS1000655373 (13:26762066 C>A,G,T), RS1001138668 (13:26760317 C>G,T), RS1001179595 (13:26761826 G>A,C), RS1001573418 (13:26754986 G>A), RS1001698165 (13:26760935 G>A,T), RS1003114152 (13:26754802 G>T), RS1003514515 (13:26762536 A>G), RS1003578881 (13:26762308 A>T), RS1003701660 (13:26757854 A>AT), RS1003732638 (13:26757593 G>T), RS1004197874 (13:26755259 A>G), RS1004347306 (13:26757352 T>C), RS1004741136 (13:26756387 T>C), RS1005187082 (13:26761469 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:600752 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003817_11	Mortality in sepsis	1.000000e-06
GCST006110_19	Nose morphology	5.000000e-06
GCST010988_461	Adult body size	4.000000e-09
GCST90027899_10	Eosinophilic esophagitis	3.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004352	mortality

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5006 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: gpcr — Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology

Most potent curated ligand interactions (2 total), top 2:

Ligand	Action	Affinity	Parameter
sphingosylphosphorylcholine	Full agonist	7.49	pEC50
sphingosine 1-phosphate	Full agonist	6.97	pEC50

CTD chemical–gene interactions

7 total (human), top 7 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Nickel	decreases expression	1
Phthalic Acids	decreases methylation	1
Thiram	increases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

4 unique, capped per target: 2 binding, 2 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL4883402	Binding	PRESTO-Tango GPCRome screening (GPR12)	Data for DCP probe UCSF924
CHEMBL5366029	Functional	Agonist activity at human GPR12 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP accumulation at 10 uM incubated for 30 mins by HTRF assay	The development of diphenyleneiodonium analogs as GPR3 agonists. — Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 spontaneously immortalized cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_KX24	PathHunter CHO-K1 GPR12 beta-arrestin	Spontaneously immortalized cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.