GPR155

gene
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Also known as DEP.7PGR22DEPDC3LYCHOSFLJ31819

Summary

GPR155 (G protein-coupled receptor 155, HGNC:22951) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q31.1, encoding Lysosomal cholesterol signaling protein (Q7Z3F1). Cholesterol-binding protein that acts as a regulator of mTORC1 signaling pathway.

Enables cholesterol binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to amino acid starvation; cellular response to cholesterol; and positive regulation of TORC1 signaling. Located in extracellular exosome. Is active in lysosomal membrane.

Source: NCBI Gene 151556 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 126 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_152529

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:22951
Approved symbolGPR155
NameG protein-coupled receptor 155
Location2q31.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesDEP.7, PGR22, DEPDC3, LYCHOS, FLJ31819
Ensembl geneENSG00000163328
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM620855
Entrez151556

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 19 — 17 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000295500, ENST00000392551, ENST00000392552, ENST00000459996, ENST00000497620, ENST00000614352, ENST00000886491, ENST00000886492, ENST00000886493, ENST00000932232, ENST00000932233, ENST00000949639, ENST00000949640, ENST00000949641, ENST00000949642, ENST00000949643, ENST00000949644, ENST00000949645, ENST00000949646

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_152529 NM_001033045, NM_001267050, NM_001267051, NM_152529

CCDS: CCDS2259, CCDS74605

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000392552 — 16 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001073359174459878174460088
ENSE00001073362174446611174446747
ENSE00001073365174466544174466627
ENSE00001073368174453737174453841
ENSE00001274952174486873174487029
ENSE00002461373174470390174470555
ENSE00002463935174461402174461492
ENSE00002485287174472965174473364
ENSE00002498189174465785174465902
ENSE00002520336174468912174469067
ENSE00002528926174461588174461672
ENSE00002725526174481497174481987
ENSE00003533382174439898174440035
ENSE00003547554174442119174442183
ENSE00003614704174445081174445176
ENSE00003748476174431571174436416

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 251 present calls, max score 97.73.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 10.5945 / max 833.6688, expressed in 1354 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
3186510.06241344
318640.5321239

Top tissues by expression

259 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
dorsal root ganglionUBERON:000004497.73gold quality
trigeminal ganglionUBERON:000167597.62gold quality
kidney epitheliumUBERON:000481994.69gold quality
cardia of stomachUBERON:000116294.31gold quality
lateral globus pallidusUBERON:000247693.82gold quality
cerebellar vermisUBERON:000472092.77gold quality
middle temporal gyrusUBERON:000277191.78gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46UBERON:000648391.67gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355491.45gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamusUBERON:000273691.35gold quality
parietal lobeUBERON:000187290.86gold quality
upper leg skinUBERON:000426290.81gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011590.64gold quality
postcentral gyrusUBERON:000258190.36gold quality
superior vestibular nucleusUBERON:000722790.06gold quality
entorhinal cortexUBERON:000272889.90gold quality
medulla oblongataUBERON:000189689.89gold quality
upper arm skinUBERON:000426389.88gold quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266189.73gold quality
ponsUBERON:000098889.39gold quality
nippleUBERON:000203088.63gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamusUBERON:000189788.05gold quality
occipital lobeUBERON:000202187.95gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116187.89gold quality
corpus epididymisUBERON:000435987.83gold quality
left ventricle myocardiumUBERON:000656687.71gold quality
fundus of stomachUBERON:000116087.56gold quality
renal medullaUBERON:000036287.36gold quality
stomachUBERON:000094587.14gold quality
ventral tegmental areaUBERON:000269186.82gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-HCAD-11yes25.99
E-MTAB-8410yes22.18
E-CURD-46yes11.41
E-ANND-3yes5.56
E-MTAB-6386no134.52

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

192 targeting GPR155, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-190A-3P100.0080.355520
HSA-MIR-513A-5P100.0069.772465
HSA-MIR-3646100.0073.565283
HSA-MIR-656-3P100.0072.152788
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-MIR-5692A100.0074.406850
HSA-MIR-126-5P100.0072.713180
HSA-MIR-428299.9975.366408
HSA-MIR-223-3P99.9970.141140
HSA-MIR-548C-3P99.9974.017587
HSA-MIR-150-5P99.9966.691976
HSA-MIR-569699.9872.364487
HSA-MIR-477599.9875.006394
HSA-MIR-314899.9775.066478
HSA-MIR-3688-3P99.9772.022834
HSA-MIR-590-3P99.9674.346478
HSA-MIR-6778-3P99.9667.292693
HSA-MIR-568899.9673.234504
HSA-MIR-495-3P99.9672.814197
HSA-MIR-548AT-5P99.9670.832666
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P99.9673.385345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P99.9673.385345
HSA-MIR-570-3P99.9672.414910
HSA-MIR-365899.9673.874379
HSA-MIR-302E99.9670.742669
HSA-MIR-55999.9572.283609
HSA-MIR-548AB99.9571.313488
HSA-MIR-23A-3P99.9574.243163
HSA-MIR-23B-3P99.9574.243163
HSA-MIR-23C99.9573.923192

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

  • GPR155 may represent a biomarker for diagnosing and predicting hematogenous metastasis of gastric cancer. (PMID:28165032)
  • Downregulation of GPR155 may serve as a prognosticator that also predicts initial recurrence sites independent of hepatitis virus infection. (PMID:28863781)
  • Lysosomal GPCR-like protein LYCHOS signals cholesterol sufficiency to mTORC1. (PMID:36007018)
  • Circular RNA hsa_circ_0094976 modulates GPR155 to inhibit gastric adenocarcinoma malignant characteristics by targeting miR-223-3p. (PMID:38678850)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriogpr155bENSDARG00000071086
danio_reriogpr155aENSDARG00000090804
mus_musculusGpr155ENSMUSG00000041762
rattus_norvegicusGpr155ENSRNOG00000018485
drosophila_melanogasteranchorFBGN0036741

Paralogs (3): PREX2 (ENSG00000046889), PREX1 (ENSG00000124126), DEPTOR (ENSG00000155792)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Lysosomal cholesterol signaling proteinQ7Z3F1 (reviewed: Q7Z3F1)

Alternative names: G-protein coupled receptor PGR22

All UniProt accessions (2): A0A087WXK4, Q7Z3F1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cholesterol-binding protein that acts as a regulator of mTORC1 signaling pathway. Acts as a sensor of cholesterol to signal cholesterol sufficiency to mTORC1: in presence of cholesterol, binds cholesterol, leading to disruption of the interaction between the GATOR1 and KICSTOR complexes and promotion of mTORC1 signaling. Upon cholesterol starvation, GPR155/LYCHOS is unable to perturb the association between GATOR1 and KICSTOR, leading to mTORC1 signaling inhibition. Binds indole-3-acetic acid and may play a role in tryptophan metabolism.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer; via the transporter region and DEP domain. Interacts with the GATOR1 complex and prevents interaction between GATOR1 and KICSTOR; this interaction is disrupted upon cholesterol starvation.

Subcellular location. Lysosome membrane.

Domain organisation. Cholesterol binds at the interface between the PIN-like transporter region and the GPCR domain; these two regions likely coordinate to sense cholesterol and regulate mTORC1 activation.

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001028217, NP_001253979, NP_001253980, NP_689742* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000591DEP_domDomain
IPR004776Mem_transp_PIN-likeFamily
IPR036388WH-like_DNA-bd_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR036390WH_DNA-bd_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR037368GPR155_DEPDomain
IPR051832mTOR-Rac_regulatorsFamily

Pfam: PF00610, PF03547

UniProt features (120 total): helix 35, topological domain 18, transmembrane region 17, mutagenesis site 14, sequence conflict 9, strand 7, binding site 6, turn 5, glycosylation site 5, region of interest 2, chain 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

23 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
8Z8ZELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.11
8U5QELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.4
8U58ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.45
8U54ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.65
8U5CELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.68
9JBHELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.73
8U56ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.75
8U5VELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.77
8U5XELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.79
9LHVELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.79
8Y56ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.83
8U5NELECTRON MICROSCOPY3
8WR3ELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.1
9JBFELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.21
9J3XELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.3
9JBEELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.31
9J40ELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.4
9LHQELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.46
9J3ZELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.5
9JBJELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.73
9JBGELECTRON MICROSCOPY3.76
9JBIELECTRON MICROSCOPY4.49
9LHXELECTRON MICROSCOPY5.62

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q7Z3F1-F173.510.27

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (6): 43; 57; 266; 267; 268; 657

Glycosylation sites (5): 9, 15, 29, 309, 381

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (14):

PositionPhenotype
43–44nearly abolished cholesterol-binding.
43strongly reduced cholesterol-binding.
48does not affect cholesterol-binding.
57strongly reduced cholesterol-binding. abolishes cholesterol-dependent mtorc1 activity.
145reduces binding to indole-3-acetic acid.
148reduces binding to indole-3-acetic acid.
177reduces binding to indole-3-acetic acid.
352abolishes the effect of cholesterol depletion in mtorc1 activity. abolishes the effect of cholesterol depletion in mtorc
551abolished ability to regulate mtorc1.
595in 4ca, abolished ability to regulate mtorc1; when associated with a-604, a-629 and a-638.
604in 4ca, abolished ability to regulate mtorc1; when associated with a-595, a-629 and a-638.
629in 4ca, abolished ability to regulate mtorc1; when associated with a-595, a-604 and a-638.
638in 4ca, abolished ability to regulate mtorc1; when associated with a-595, a-604 and a-629.
678abolishes the effect of cholestrol depletion in mtorc1 activity; when associated with a-352.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 261 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_DN, GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8_TCELL_UP, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_GROWTH_FACTOR_STIMULUS, GOBP_COGNITION, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_LIPID, GOCC_VACUOLAR_MEMBRANE, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_TOR_SIGNALING, RACCACAR_AML_Q6, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_GROWTH_FACTOR_STIMULUS, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_TRANSMEMBRANE_RECEPTOR_PROTEIN_SERINE_THREONINE_KINASE_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_STEROL, GATA6_01, INGRAM_SHH_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_BMP_SIGNALING_PATHWAY

GO Biological Process (15): negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway (GO:0030514), cellular response to amino acid starvation (GO:0034198), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556), cognition (GO:0050890), transmembrane transport (GO:0055085), cellular response to cholesterol (GO:0071397), positive regulation of TORC1 signaling (GO:1904263), cytoplasmic translation (GO:0002181), protein-containing complex localization (GO:0031503), cellular response to nutrient levels (GO:0031669), TORC1 signaling (GO:0038202), negative regulation of translational initiation (GO:0045947), positive regulation of translational initiation (GO:0045948), protein localization to lysosome (GO:0061462), negative regulation of TORC1 signaling (GO:1904262)

GO Molecular Function (2): cholesterol binding (GO:0015485), lipid binding (GO:0008289)

GO Cellular Component (4): lysosomal membrane (GO:0005765), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), lysosome (GO:0005764), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
TORC1 signaling2
regulation of TORC1 signaling2
translational initiation2
regulation of translational initiation2
BMP signaling pathway1
regulation of BMP signaling pathway1
negative regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway1
negative regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus1
cellular response to starvation1
response to amino acid starvation1
intracellular anatomical structure1
signal transduction1
nervous system process1
transport1
cellular process1
cellular response to sterol1
response to cholesterol1
cellular response to alcohol1
positive regulation of TOR signaling1
translation1
macromolecule localization1
response to nutrient levels1
cellular response to stimulus1
TOR signaling1
negative regulation of translation1
positive regulation of translation1
protein localization to vacuole1
negative regulation of TOR signaling1
sterol binding1
alcohol binding1
binding1
lysosome1
lytic vacuole membrane1
extracellular vesicle1
lytic vacuole1
cellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

532 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
GPR155JAKMIP1Q96N16521
GPR155MTCL2O94964519
GPR155GPR137BO60478483
GPR155TTC29Q8NA56453
GPR155GPR137Q96N19450
GPR155GPRC5CQ9NQ84444
GPR155MORN5Q5VZ52412
GPR155ZMYND15Q9H091399
GPR155SCNM1Q9BWG6385
GPR155RIBC1Q8N443384
GPR155GPR152Q8TDT2382
GPR155SLC60A1Q8N468377
GPR155ZFYVE26Q68DK2375
GPR155GPR82Q96P67366
GPR155CYFIP1Q7L576365

IntAct

7 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
FPR2GPR89Apsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FPR2SCAMP3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
NIPAL3ILVBLpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SLC16A8C15orf61psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SLC35C2PGRMC1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (7): GPR155 (Affinity Capture-MS), GPR155 (Proximity Label-MS), GPR155 (Proximity Label-MS), GPR155 (Affinity Capture-MS), GPR155 (Affinity Capture-MS), GPR155 (Affinity Capture-MS), GPR155 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A452G813, A0A8V0ZB02, A1L3G9, A2AWR3, A9LIW2, B6HTR9, D3ZNF5, F4I248, F4JCY2, O35379, O57428, O94886, O94911, P08983, Q059Y8, Q06538, Q09427, Q09428, Q09429, Q17JQ7, Q3KTM2, Q3TWI9, Q4R7U0, Q4V8U5, Q5GH22, Q5GH60, Q5GH68, Q5R826, Q5R9A7, Q5T3F8, Q5YCC5, Q6NP91, Q6PP77, Q6UR05, Q7Q5R7, Q7Z3F1, Q7Z402, Q8C428, Q8CBX0, Q8CG09

Diamond homologs: A2AWR3, Q0CHV5, Q3LAC4, Q4PE51, Q570Y9, Q5R9A7, Q69ZK0, Q6CWI2, Q70Z35, Q7Z3F1, Q8TB45, Q8TCU6, Q8WZA2, Q9EQZ6, A1IGU3, A1IGU4, A3LRB2, E2RP94, E7F1U2, M0R4F8, O43307, P47170, P91620, P91621, Q1E9Q9, Q3UTH8, Q58DL7, Q5DU57, Q5RDK0, Q60992, Q6CAP3, Q6KAU7, Q6TXD4, Q6XZF7, Q75DV2, Q7TNR9, Q80VK6, Q96N96, Q9NR80, Q9NXL2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

126 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance103
Likely benign5
Benign4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2937 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
2:174436171:T:Adonor_gain1.0000
2:174436251:AT:Adonor_gain1.0000
2:174436251:ATC:Adonor_gain1.0000
2:174436252:T:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:174439893:CTTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
2:174439894:TTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:174439895:TACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:174439897:CCTT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:174440031:CAAGT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
2:174440032:AAGTC:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
2:174440033:AGTC:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
2:174440034:GT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
2:174440036:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
2:174440036:CT:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
2:174440037:T:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
2:174442114:TTTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:174442115:TTACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:174442116:TAC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
2:174442117:A:AGdonor_loss1.0000
2:174442118:CCT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
2:174442118:CCTT:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:174442184:CTAG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
2:174445116:A:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:174445121:A:Cdonor_gain1.0000
2:174445132:T:TAdonor_gain1.0000
2:174445175:TT:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
2:174445177:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
2:174446609:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
2:174446610:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
2:174459876:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000060635 (2:174477227 T>A), RS1000125780 (2:174479254 G>C), RS1000134341 (2:174449976 A>AAAAAC), RS1000205208 (2:174455476 C>A,G), RS1000207357 (2:174488521 A>G), RS1000273868 (2:174455843 T>G), RS1000367531 (2:174443313 A>G), RS1000396655 (2:174435498 G>T), RS1000410496 (2:174476927 T>G), RS1000460554 (2:174449529 T>C,G), RS1000611131 (2:174454383 C>T), RS1000695103 (2:174442917 C>T), RS1000723238 (2:174440745 T>C), RS1000723877 (2:174465572 G>T), RS1000768619 (2:174447495 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:620855 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST002827_3Urate levels (BMI interaction)1.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004340body mass index
EFO:0004531urate measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

44 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression8
Phenylmercuric Acetateaffects cotreatment, increases expression2
Smokeincreases expression, decreases expression2
Tretinoinincreases expression, decreases expression2
Cadmium Chloridedecreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression2
Particulate Matterdecreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression2
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
propionaldehydeincreases expression1
bisphenol Aaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
trichostatin Aaffects expression1
beta-lapachonedecreases expression1
hydroquinonedecreases expression1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineaffects response to substance, increases expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
entinostatincreases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideincreases expression, affects cotreatment1
beta-hydroxy simvastatin acidincreases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Arbutindecreases expression1
Arsenicaffects methylation1
Vehicle Emissionsincreases abundance, increases expression1
Benzo(a)pyreneincreases methylation1
Cadmiumincreases abundance, increases expression1
Cisplatinincreases expression1
Dexamethasoneaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Estradiolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Ethyl Methanesulfonateincreases expression1
Indomethacinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_D9FRUbigene HEK293 GPR155 KOTransformed cell lineFemale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.