GRHL1

Summary

GRHL1 (grainyhead like transcription factor 1, HGNC:17923) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2p25.1, encoding Grainyhead-like protein 1 homolog (Q9NZI5). Transcription factor involved in epithelial development.

This gene encodes a member of the grainyhead family of transcription factors. The encoded protein can exist as a homodimer or can form heterodimers with sister-of-mammalian grainyhead or brother-of-mammalian grainyhead. This protein functions as a transcription factor during development.

Source: NCBI Gene 29841 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 6
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 90 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_198182

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:17923
Approved symbol	GRHL1
Name	grainyhead like transcription factor 1
Location	2p25.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	LBP-32, MGR
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000134317
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	609786
Entrez	29841

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 3 protein_coding, 3 nonsense_mediated_decay, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000324907, ENST00000405379, ENST00000439493, ENST00000464418, ENST00000472167, ENST00000480736, ENST00000494520, ENST00000497403

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_198182 NM_198182

CCDS: CCDS33144

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000324907 — 16 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001562017	10000593	10002277
ENSE00003472866	9993207	9993244
ENSE00003474033	9958786	9958856
ENSE00003476091	9954915	9955101
ENSE00003513602	9995879	9995970
ENSE00003525670	9951693	9951853
ENSE00003536443	9990696	9990747
ENSE00003567786	9964235	9964346
ENSE00003576157	9962455	9962531
ENSE00003599947	9963886	9964042
ENSE00003610834	9998965	9999029
ENSE00003621121	9986124	9986282
ENSE00003632212	9961046	9961436
ENSE00003666582	9996316	9996401
ENSE00003683370	9965287	9965381
ENSE00003690735	9992007	9992146

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 220 present calls, max score 99.61.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 2.6984 / max 149.3798, expressed in 717 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
18791	2.0274	612
18790	0.3902	233
18793	0.1929	105
18792	0.0519	20
18797	0.0180	4
18798	0.0179	4

Top tissues by expression

250 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	99.61	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	99.13	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	98.89	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	98.40	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	98.27	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	98.17	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	98.05	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	97.80	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	97.79	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	97.50	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	97.20	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	97.15	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	96.85	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	96.77	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	96.48	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	96.13	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	95.90	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	95.66	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	95.37	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	94.71	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	94.41	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	94.21	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	94.20	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	94.16	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	94.00	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	93.03	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	92.11	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	91.76	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	90.56	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	90.46	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6819	yes	233.75
E-ANND-3	yes	8.82

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

2 targets.

Target	Regulation
CYP11A1	Unknown
IGF2

JASPAR motifs

Motif	Name	Family
MA0647.1	GRHL1	Grainyhead-related factors
MA0647.2	GRHL1	Grainyhead-related factors

JASPAR matrix evidence (PMIDs): PMID:18288204

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): HDAC3, MYCN, TFCP2L1

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 14)

• Includes a comparison to TFCP2L2, the GRHL1 protein. (PMID:12393799)
• LBP-1b and LBP-9 both stimulate LBP-32/MGR promoter activity. (PMID:18004979)
• Our findings reveal important pathophysiological differences between human pulmonary fibrosis and specific mouse models of fibrosis and support a crucial role of GRHL2 in epithelial activation in lung fibrosis and perhaps also in epithelial plasticity. (PMID:24375798)
• A significant role for HDAC3 in the MYCN-mediated repression of GRHL1. (PMID:24419085)
• Downregulation of miR122 by grainyhead-like 2 restricts the hepatocytic differentiation potential of adult liver progenitor cells. (PMID:25406394)
• Grhl1 deficiency affects inner ear development in zebrafish. (PMID:25896282)
• GRHL1, GRHL2, and GRHL3 have roles in cellular proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and polarity and may promote cancer or be tumor suppressors [review] (PMID:26069269)
• it was observed that ER stimulated gene expression by interacting with MEIS1 and FOXP3, and ER inhibited gene expression by interacting with THRB and GRHL1. (PMID:27035558)
• All of these processes involve epithelial-mesencyhmal transition (EMT), MET or a sequence of both, suggesting that the GRHL factors((GRHL1, GRHL2 and GRHL3), could potentially affect tumor initiation and progression via EMT (PMID:28714958)
• Non-melanoma skin cancer growth is accompanied by coordinated reduced expression of epidermal differentiation genes: GRHL1 and GRHL3, which may be regulated by miR-21-3p and -5p, respectively. Some potentially damaging single nucleotide polymorphisms in GRHL genes occur with altered frequencies in NMSC patients, and they may in particular impair the expression of GRHL3 gene or functioning of encoded protein (PMID:29301499)
• Structural basis of DNA target-site recognition by grainyhead-like 1. (PMID:29309642)
• Grainyhead 1 acts as a drug-inducible conserved transcriptional regulator linked to insulin signaling and lifespan. (PMID:35013237)
• Discovery of a non-canonical GRHL1 binding site using deep convolutional and recurrent neural networks. (PMID:38049725)
• Vitamin D Receptor Regulates the Expression of the Grainyhead-Like 1 Gene. (PMID:39063155)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	grhl1	ENSDARG00000061391
mus_musculus	Grhl1	ENSMUSG00000020656
rattus_norvegicus	Grhl1	ENSRNOG00000054989
drosophila_melanogaster	gem	FBGN0050011
caenorhabditis_elegans	grh-1	WBGENE00001707

Paralogs (5): GRHL2 (ENSG00000083307), TFCP2L1 (ENSG00000115112), TFCP2 (ENSG00000135457), UBP1 (ENSG00000153560), GRHL3 (ENSG00000158055)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Grainyhead-like protein 1 homolog — Q9NZI5 (reviewed: Q9NZI5)

Alternative names: Mammalian grainyhead, NH32, Transcription factor CP2-like 2, Transcription factor LBP-32

All UniProt accessions (4): B7Z1S6, C9JYY8, Q9NZI5, F8WFB0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Transcription factor involved in epithelial development. Binds directly to the consensus DNA sequence 5’-AACCGGTT-3’. Important regulator of DSG1 in the context of hair anchorage and epidermal differentiation, participates in the maintenance of the skin barrier. There is no genetic interaction with GRHL3, nor functional cooperativity due to diverse target gene selectivity during epithelia development. May play a role in regulating glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling. Functions as a transcription activator. May function as a repressor in tissues where both isoform 1 and isoform 2 are expressed.

Subunit / interactions. Binds DNA as homodimer. Homodimer, also forms heterodimers with GRHL2 or GRHL3.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Isoform 1 is highly expressed in brain, pancreas, tonsil, placenta and kidney. Isoform 2 is highly expressed in brain and liver. Expressed at very low levels in non-steroidogenic cells.

Post-translational modifications. Methylation at Arg-9 and Lys-116 may be involved in regulating transcriptional activation.

Miscellaneous. GRHL genes (GRHL1, GRHL2 and GRHL3) show a paradoxical lack of redundancy despite their extensive sequence identity in the DNA-binding and protein dimerization domains and the fact that the core consensus DNA binding sites are identical. They have related but remarkably different functions during embryogenesis because of their differential spatiotemporal expression patterns during development.

Similarity. Belongs to the grh/CP2 family. Grainyhead subfamily.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9NZI5-1	1, p70 MGR	yes
Q9NZI5-2	2, p49 MGR
Q9NZI5-3	3

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_937825* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007604	CP2	Domain
IPR040167	TF_CP2-like	Family
IPR057520	GRHL1/CP2_C	Domain

Pfam: PF04516, PF25416

UniProt features (50 total): strand 16, mutagenesis site 10, sequence conflict 5, splice variant 4, region of interest 4, helix 3, sequence variant 2, turn 2, chain 1, domain 1, compositionally biased region 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5MPH	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.34
5MPI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.35
5MPF	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.92

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NZI5-F1	67.74	0.38

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 208

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (10):

Position	Phenotype
9	increases activity as transcriptional activator.
116	reduces activity as transcriptional activator.
378	decreases affinity for target dna.
380	decreases affinity for target dna.
385	decreases affinity for target dna.
421	no effect on affinity for target dna.
427	loss of activity as transcriptional activator. strongly decreases affinity for target dna.
427	loss of activity as transcriptional activator. nearly abolishes affinity for target dna. causes steric hindrance that im
428	decreases affinity for target dna.
430	decreases affinity for target dna.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1989781	PPARA activates gene expression

MSigDB gene sets: 222 (showing top): GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, chr2p25, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_EPIDERMIS_DEVELOPMENT, NKX25_02, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, CHX10_01, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_EPITHELIAL_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_EPIDERMAL_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_CELL_JUNCTION_ORGANIZATION, MARTINEZ_RB1_TARGETS_DN, MCBRYAN_PUBERTAL_BREAST_3_4WK_UP, LASTOWSKA_COAMPLIFIED_WITH_MYCN, MCBRYAN_PUBERTAL_BREAST_5_6WK_UP, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_EPIDERMIS_DEVELOPMENT

GO Biological Process (7): desmosome organization (GO:0002934), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), epidermis development (GO:0008544), regulation of keratinocyte differentiation (GO:0045616), positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944), establishment of skin barrier (GO:0061436)

GO Molecular Function (13): transcription cis-regulatory region binding (GO:0000976), RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978), DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228), DNA binding (GO:0003677), DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700), chromatin DNA binding (GO:0031490), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803), sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0043565), DNA-binding transcription factor binding (GO:0140297), sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding (GO:1990837), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARalpha	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	3
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	2
transcription by RNA polymerase II	2
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	2
DNA binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
cell-cell junction organization	1
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
tissue development	1
keratinocyte differentiation	1
regulation of epidermal cell differentiation	1
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
skin epidermis development	1
transcription regulatory region nucleic acid binding	1
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	1
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	1
chromatin	1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	1
DNA-binding transcription activator activity	1
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
nucleic acid binding	1
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	1
transcription regulator activity	1
chromatin binding	1
protein binding	1
identical protein binding	1
protein dimerization activity	1
transcription factor binding	1
double-stranded DNA binding	1
sequence-specific DNA binding	1
binding	1
chromosome	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
nuclear lumen	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

974 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GRHL1	CYP11A1	P05108	603
GRHL1	TGM1	P22735	521
GRHL1	ESRP1	Q6NXG1	476
GRHL1	KLF11	O14901	475
GRHL1	ESR1	P03372	468
GRHL1	OVOL2	Q9BRP0	465
GRHL1	OVOL1	O14753	461
GRHL1	GLIS2	Q9BZE0	443
GRHL1	ESRP2	Q9H6T0	425
GRHL1	ZNF750	Q32MQ0	421
GRHL1	AIRE	O43918	418
GRHL1	FOXM1	Q08050	406
GRHL1	ZCCHC24	Q8N2G6	404
GRHL1	DSG1	Q02413	399
GRHL1	IKZF2	Q9UKS7	390

IntAct

16 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GRHL2	GRHL1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.800
GRHL1	GRHL2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.800
ZNF76	FHL2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
GRHL1	GRHL1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.510
Erp44	MEN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZNF76	GRHL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GRHL1	POLRMT	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
AR	MED6	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
RAVER1	KDM6A	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270

BioGRID (9): GRHL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GRHL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GRHL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GRHL1 (Two-hybrid), GRHL1 (Reconstituted Complex), GRHL1 (Proximity Label-MS), GRHL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GRHL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GRHL1 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1L1C7, O08873, O42611, O60716, O94776, O94967, P83094, Q01826, Q0P5J8, Q15542, Q3UHE1, Q3UVG3, Q4R8N2, Q58A45, Q5EY87, Q5JSJ4, Q5M7R9, Q5R7S4, Q5RAR8, Q5TKA1, Q60611, Q640Q5, Q658Y4, Q68FH0, Q6ISB3, Q6NT76, Q6TEP1, Q80U28, Q8BIE6, Q8BJA3, Q8C092, Q8C0V0, Q8C735, Q8C8N2, Q8CGF6, Q8K5C0, Q8N9R8, Q8VI24, Q8WXG6, Q90ZY6

Diamond homologs: G5EDF0, P13002, Q12800, Q3UNW5, Q4V860, Q5EY87, Q5FWH3, Q5M7R9, Q5PPL8, Q5RAR8, Q5RB16, Q6GL65, Q6ISB3, Q6NZH6, Q7T2U9, Q811S7, Q8K5C0, Q8TE85, Q921D9, Q9ERA0, Q9NZI5, Q9NZI6, Q9NZI7

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

90 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	66
Likely benign	1
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2899 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:9951842:GGA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:9951843:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:9951849:GACAA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:9951854:GTGA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:9951858:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:9953037:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
2:9953037:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
2:9954902:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9954903:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9954910:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9954914:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9955099:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:9955100:AGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:9955102:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
2:9955103:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
2:9961145:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9961433:GGAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:9961434:GAGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:9963882:TTA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:9963883:TAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:9963884:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9963884:A:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:9963884:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9963885:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9963885:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9963885:GGA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9963885:GGAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9963885:GGAAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:9963995:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
2:9964041:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

4103 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:10000595:T:C	I582T	1.000
2:10000601:T:A	V584E	1.000
2:10000610:A:T	D587V	1.000
2:10000630:T:G	Y594D	1.000
2:10000648:T:C	F600L	1.000
2:10000649:T:C	F600S	1.000
2:10000650:C:A	F600L	1.000
2:10000650:C:G	F600L	1.000
2:10000694:T:C	L615P	1.000
2:9954991:T:A	W33R	1.000
2:9954991:T:C	W33R	1.000
2:9954993:G:C	W33C	1.000
2:9954993:G:T	W33C	1.000
2:9955004:T:C	L37P	1.000
2:9955033:G:C	A47P	1.000
2:9955037:T:A	M48K	1.000
2:9955037:T:C	M48T	1.000
2:9955037:T:G	M48R	1.000
2:9955040:T:C	M49T	1.000
2:9955085:T:A	L64H	1.000
2:9955085:T:C	L64P	1.000
2:9963906:T:C	L256P	1.000
2:9963956:T:C	Y273H	1.000
2:9963956:T:G	Y273D	1.000
2:9963960:T:C	L274P	1.000
2:9963962:A:G	N275D	1.000
2:9963964:C:A	N275K	1.000
2:9963964:C:G	N275K	1.000
2:9963965:A:G	K276E	1.000
2:9963966:A:T	K276I	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000099446 (2:9952230 C>A,G), RS1000140120 (2:9954602 T>C), RS1000232093 (2:9973871 G>A,C), RS1000249529 (2:9980531 G>A,T), RS1000353356 (2:9990399 C>T), RS1000378210 (2:9974520 G>A), RS1000608833 (2:9985075 A>G), RS1000657348 (2:9996947 G>A), RS1000765683 (2:9978712 C>T), RS1000833076 (2:9962829 T>A), RS1000931254 (2:9966270 C>T), RS1000961045 (2:9966576 T>C), RS1000981027 (2:9984711 C>T), RS1000991832 (2:9950401 G>A), RS1001015554 (2:9956231 A>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:609786 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001942_5	Prostate cancer	3.000000e-08
GCST004988_439	Breast cancer	4.000000e-10
GCST008062_21	Blood urea nitrogen levels	1.000000e-10
GCST009267_18	Dental caries (decayed, missing and filled teeth)	4.000000e-06
GCST009268_1	Dental caries (decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces)	5.000000e-06
GCST011320_38	Type 2 diabetes or prostate cancer (pleiotropy)	4.000000e-08

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

61 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, increases expression, increases methylation	7
trichostatin A	increases expression, affects expression	2
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
sodium arsenite	increases expression, decreases expression, increases abundance	2
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	affects expression, decreases expression	2
Acetaminophen	increases expression	2
Calcitriol	increases expression	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	2
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, increases activity, increases expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
titanium dioxide	increases methylation	1
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
hydroquinone	increases expression	1
mercuric bromide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
antimonite	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases methylation	1
NSC 689534	affects binding, increases expression	1
PCI 5002	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

2 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_E1YL	HAP1 GRHL1 (-) 2	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_XP36	HAP1 GRHL1 (-) 1	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.