GRHPR

Summary

GRHPR (glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate reductase, HGNC:4570) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9p13.2, encoding Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (Q9UBQ7). Enzyme with hydroxy-pyruvate reductase, glyoxylate reductase and D-glycerate dehydrogenase enzymatic activities.

This gene encodes an enzyme with hydroxypyruvate reductase, glyoxylate reductase, and D-glycerate dehydrogenase enzymatic activities. The enzyme has widespread tissue expression and has a role in metabolism. Type II hyperoxaluria is caused by mutations in this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 9380 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (Definitive, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 648 total — 62 pathogenic, 80 likely-pathogenic (top 5% of genes corpus-wide)
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 46 tissues, sQTL in 13 (q < 0.05)
• Phenotypes (HPO): 15
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency autosomal recessive, triplosensitivity no evidence
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 1.31 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_012203
• Interaction hub: 2,019 STRING partners (top 7% of genes corpus-wide)

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:4570
Approved symbol	GRHPR
Name	glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate reductase
Location	9p13.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PH2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000137106
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604296
Entrez	9380

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 75 — 42 nonsense_mediated_decay, 24 protein_coding, 6 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 3 retained_intron

MANE Select: ENST00000318158

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 3, TSL 2: 4, TSL 3: 1, TSL 5: 4

ENST00000318158, ENST00000377824, ENST00000460882, ENST00000480596, ENST00000482603, ENST00000487399, ENST00000491488, ENST00000493368, ENST00000494290, ENST00000497693, ENST00000512404, ENST00000607784, ENST00000874641, ENST00000874642, ENST00000874643, ENST00000874644, ENST00000874645, ENST00000874646, ENST00000874647, ENST00000874648, ENST00000874649, ENST00000874650, ENST00000926738, ENST00000926739, ENST00000926740, ENST00000926741, ENST00000973531, ENST00000973532, ENST00000973533, ENST00000973534, ENST00000973535, ENST00000973536, ENST00000973537, ENST00000973538, ENST00000973539, ENST00000973540, ENST00000973541, ENST00000973542, ENST00000973543, ENST00000973544, ENST00000973545, ENST00000973546, ENST00000973547, ENST00000973548, ENST00000973550, ENST00000973551, ENST00000973552, ENST00000973553, ENST00000973554, ENST00000973555, ENST00000973556, ENST00000973557, ENST00000973558, ENST00001031792, ENST00001083568, ENST00001083569, ENST00001083570, ENST00001083571, ENST00001083572, ENST00001083574, ENST00001083575, ENST00001102678, ENST00001102679, ENST00001102680, ENST00001102681, ENST00001117398, ENST00001117399, ENST00001117400, ENST00001117401, ENST00001117402, ENST00001123038, ENST00001123039, ENST00001123040, ENST00001123041, ENST00001136098

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_012203 NM_012203

CCDS: CCDS6609

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000318158 — 9 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001934486	37422696	37422833
ENSE00001952551	37436661	37436990
ENSE00003484133	37430511	37430646
ENSE00003646434	37432008	37432138
ENSE00003695745	37424845	37424975
ENSE00003695972	37429732	37429836
ENSE00003698670	37425922	37425994
ENSE00003698807	37426538	37426654
ENSE00003701615	37428484	37428572

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 292 present calls, max score 99.13.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 84.2267 / max 608.9334, expressed in 1826 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): lobe of liver, liver, adrenal gland, adrenal gland cortex, adrenal cortex.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

GRHPR is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 46 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 13 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 59 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Whole Blood	eqtl	1.4e-208	+0.87	9:37422659:C:T
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	eqtl	6.5e-101	+0.53	9:37422659:C:T
Artery Tibial	eqtl	3.2e-99	+0.54	9:37422659:C:T
Adipose Subcutaneous	eqtl	2.9e-91	+0.55	9:37422659:C:T
Lung	eqtl	1.2e-89	+0.58	9:37422659:C:T
Thyroid	eqtl	7.0e-89	+0.59	9:37422659:C:T
Esophagus Muscularis	eqtl	9.3e-75	+0.46	9:37422659:C:T
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	9.5e-75	+0.55	9:37422659:C:T
Colon Transverse	eqtl	1.4e-72	+0.62	9:37422659:C:T
Adipose Visceral Omentum	eqtl	2.4e-60	+0.44	9:37422659:C:T
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	eqtl	7.8e-59	+0.40	9:37422659:C:T
Artery Aorta	eqtl	3.1e-54	+0.57	9:37422659:C:T
Pancreas	eqtl	5.0e-53	+0.69	9:37422659:C:T
Spleen	eqtl	8.5e-49	+0.83	9:37422659:C:T
Testis	eqtl	5.4e-47	+0.36	9:37422659:C:T
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	5.1e-46	+0.39	9:37422659:C:T
Breast Mammary Tissue	eqtl	1.3e-44	+0.38	9:37422659:C:T
Stomach	eqtl	2.9e-44	+0.57	9:37422659:C:T
Esophagus Gastroesophageal Junction	eqtl	6.3e-44	+0.47	9:37422659:C:T
Muscle Skeletal	eqtl	4.8e-42	+0.27	9:37419500:G:A

FANTOM5 promoters

2 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
96732	84.1771	1826
96731	0.0496	17

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 295 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	99.13	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	98.64	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	98.57	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	98.48	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	98.44	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	98.44	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	98.23	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	98.18	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	98.16	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	97.82	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	97.77	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	97.56	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	97.43	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	97.42	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	97.04	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	97.03	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	97.01	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	96.85	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	96.79	gold quality
medial globus pallidus	UBERON:0002477	96.76	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	96.72	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	96.70	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	96.70	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	96.68	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	96.63	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	96.62	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	96.56	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	96.53	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	96.53	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	96.52	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	96.46	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	96.40	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	96.40	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	96.38	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	96.31	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	96.31	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	96.29	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	96.28	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	96.28	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	96.27	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	96.26	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	96.24	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	96.23	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	96.15	gold quality
globus pallidus	UBERON:0001875	96.15	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	96.13	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	96.13	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	96.12	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	96.10	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	96.09	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	96.00	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	95.96	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	95.95	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	95.95	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	95.94	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	95.86	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	95.85	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	95.84	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	95.82	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	95.82	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	95.82	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	95.81	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	95.80	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	95.79	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	95.73	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	95.72	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	95.70	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	95.70	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	95.67	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	95.62	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	95.61	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	95.58	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	95.57	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	95.57	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	95.56	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	95.49	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	95.48	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	95.46	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	95.40	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	95.35	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	95.32	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	95.31	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	95.23	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	95.17	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	95.15	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	95.14	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	95.12	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	95.10	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	95.07	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	95.05	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	95.03	gold quality
midbrain	UBERON:0001891	95.02	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	94.86	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	94.81	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	94.81	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	94.76	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	94.63	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	94.63	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	94.61	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	94.58	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-10553	yes	32.87
E-MTAB-6524	no	229.58
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

showing 60 of 78 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Liver	tissue	610.0	medium
Skeletal muscle	tissue	157.9	low
Kidney	tissue	146.1	high
Tongue	tissue	136.8
Adrenal gland	tissue	104.7	high
Heart muscle	tissue	91.4	low
Salivary gland	tissue	70.4	medium
Choroid plexus	tissue	69.8
Ovary	tissue	64.7	high
Duodenum	tissue	59.7	medium
Epididymis	tissue	59.1	low
Locus coeruleus	tissue	56.7
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	55.2
Pancreas	tissue	52.6	not detected
Skin 1	tissue	52.2	low
Lymph node	tissue	52.2	not detected
Vagina	tissue	50.9	not detected
Hippocampus	tissue	50.9	high
Esophagus	tissue	49.4	not detected
Small intestine	tissue	48.4	medium
Tonsil	tissue	48.3	medium
Prostate	tissue	46.3	not detected
Parathyroid gland	tissue	46.1	low
Adipose tissue	tissue	44.0	not detected
Seminal vesicle	tissue	43.8	low
Stomach 1	tissue	43.1	low
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	43.1
Fallopian tube	tissue	41.8	low
Midbrain	tissue	41.2
Smooth muscle	tissue	40.0	not detected
Spinal cord	tissue	39.1
Pons	tissue	38.5
Breast	tissue	38.2	medium
Bone marrow	tissue	38.2	low
Colon	tissue	38.1	low
Thalamus	tissue	37.9
Corpus callosum	tissue	37.8
Cervix	tissue	37.6	not detected
Superior colliculi	tissue	37.6
Medulla oblongata	tissue	37.2
Substantia nigra	tissue	36.9
Caudate putamen	tissue	36.9
Frontal cortex	tissue	35.9
Pituitary gland	tissue	35.4
Hypothalamus	tissue	35.4
Endometrium 1	tissue	35.3	medium
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	35.2
Gallbladder	tissue	34.4	medium
Appendix	tissue	33.5	medium
Rectum	tissue	33.3	low
Placenta	tissue	33.1	low
Urinary bladder	tissue	32.7	medium
Thymus	tissue	32.3
Thyroid gland	tissue	32.0	medium
Septum	tissue	30.9
Putamen	tissue	30.7
Lung	tissue	30.1	not detected
Ventral forebrain	tissue	30.1
Spleen	tissue	29.3	not detected
Hippocampal formation	tissue	29.1

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 191; highest nTPM — Corpus callosum, genu (white matter) (93.9), Parieto-temporal junction (white matter) (92.5), Temporal white matter (87.9), Cerebellar nuclei (86.1), Cerebellar white matter (85.9).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): PPARA

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting GRHPR by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

16 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4455	100.00	65.48	1587
HSA-MIR-3919	99.87	69.45	2489
HSA-MIR-130B-5P	99.83	68.50	1888
HSA-MIR-944	99.82	70.85	3042
HSA-MIR-4756-3P	99.62	66.30	1319
HSA-MIR-3123	99.47	67.15	2693
HSA-MIR-4685-5P	99.25	65.99	1563
HSA-MIR-6837-5P	99.25	65.47	1632
HSA-MIR-4504	99.10	69.14	1328
HSA-MIR-760	98.81	66.65	1392
HSA-MIR-4501	98.72	67.19	921
HSA-MIR-4669	97.94	62.71	224
HSA-MIR-3074-3P	97.83	67.26	922
HSA-MIR-3657	96.33	66.29	608
HSA-MIR-6753-5P	94.70	64.08	470
HSA-MIR-6722-5P	93.60	64.28	59

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 3.72e-09, LOEUF 1.31, missense Z 0.862 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000318158 — one region, missense o/e 0.87. ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 30 (autosomal recessive), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• substrate specificity of human glyoxylate reductase (PMID:16756993)
• the GRHPR gene may have a role in primary hyperoxaluria type 2 in a Japanese patient [case report] (PMID:17510093)
• Our findings suggest that the GRHPR defect in noncancerous tissues may represent an independent predictor of poor survival for hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection (PMID:23486161)
• GRHPR directly interacts with SVCT1. (PMID:23599041)
• GRHPR was genotyped in Japanese patients with PH2 and all GRHPR mutations described to date were reviewed in terms of geographic and ethnic association (PMID:24116921)
• Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase regulates the free d-aspartate level in mammalian cells. (PMID:34289161)
• Glyoxylate reductase: Definitive identification in human liver mitochondria, its importance for the compartment-specific detoxification of glyoxylate. (PMID:38200664)

Cross-species orthologs

9 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	grhpra	ENSDARG00000068264
mus_musculus	Grhpr	ENSMUSG00000035637
rattus_norvegicus	Grhpr	ENSRNOG00000012794
drosophila_melanogaster	CtBP	FBGN0020496
drosophila_melanogaster	CG9331	FBGN0032889
drosophila_melanogaster	CG1236	FBGN0037370
drosophila_melanogaster	CG31673	FBGN0051673
drosophila_melanogaster	CG31674	FBGN0051674
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00006424

Paralogs (3): PHGDH (ENSG00000092621), CTBP1 (ENSG00000159692), CTBP2 (ENSG00000175029)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:1923488) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 11 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
increased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic	2
hyperoxaluria	2
nephrolithiasis	1
nephrocalcinosis	1
renal interstitial fibrosis	1
kidney failure	1
urolithiasis	1
abnormal blood homeostasis	1
abnormal urine homeostasis	1
urinary bladder inflammation	1
renal tubule atrophy	1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Escherichia coli APEC O1	A1AH96	100.0%	Diamond
Yersinia pestis Pestoides F	A4TGN1	100.0%	Diamond
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP 31758	A7FPA2	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli O139:H28 str. E24377A	A7ZTA0	100.0%	Diamond
Yersinia pestis Angola	A9R4G6	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. DH10B	B1X8G8	100.0%	Diamond
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PB1/+	B2K7F1	100.0%	Diamond
Shigella boydii CDC 3083-94	B2U573	100.0%	Diamond
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport str. SL254	B4SWJ5	100.0%	Diamond
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg str. SL476	B4T938	100.0%	Diamond
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A str. AKU_12601	B5BHT3	100.0%	Diamond
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin str. CT_02021853	B5FLC2	100.0%	Diamond
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis str. P125109	B5R4N3	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC4115	B5YVK6	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli SE11	B6I3C3	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli 55989	B7L6W9	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli IAI1	B7M3H6	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli S88	B7MER0	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli ED1a	B7N1K7	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli O127:H6 str. E2348/69	B7ULB4	100.0%	Diamond
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi C str. RKS4594	C0Q1A7	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli BW2952	C4ZXE2	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli K-12	P37666	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli O157:H7	P58220	100.0%	Diamond
Yersinia pestis	Q0W9V5	100.0%	Diamond
Yersinia pestis Antiqua	Q1C3K4	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli UTI89	Q1R543	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus USA300	Q2FEI9	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325	Q2FVW4	100.0%	Diamond
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis str. SC-B67	Q57IH8	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL	Q5HDQ4	100.0%	Diamond
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A str. ATCC 9150	Q5PLL9	100.0%	Diamond
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IP 32953	Q663W4	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MSSA476	Q6G716	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315	Q7A417	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MW2	Q8NV80	100.0%	Diamond
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2	Q8ZLA1	100.0%	Diamond
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50	Q99RW8	100.0%	Diamond
Escherichia coli HS	A8A609	99.7%	Diamond
Escherichia coli ATCC 8739	B1IZP1	99.7%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
FBXO10	protein-coding	26267
TOMM5	protein-coding	401505
POLR1E	protein-coding	64425
ZBTB5	protein-coding	9925
LINC01627	ncRNA	105376036
ZCCHC7	protein-coding	84186

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase — Q9UBQ7 (reviewed: Q9UBQ7)

All UniProt accessions (3): A0A384N605, Q9UBQ7, U3KQ56

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Enzyme with hydroxy-pyruvate reductase, glyoxylate reductase and D-glycerate dehydrogenase enzymatic activities. Reduces hydroxypyruvate to D-glycerate, glyoxylate to glycolate, oxidizes D-glycerate to hydroxypyruvate.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous. Most abundantly expressed in the liver.

Disease relevance. Hyperoxaluria primary 2 (HP2) [MIM:260000] A disorder characterized by elevated urinary excretion of oxalate and L-glycerate, progressive tissue accumulation of insoluble calcium oxalate, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and end-stage renal disease. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9UBQ7-1	1	yes
Q9UBQ7-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_036335* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR006139	D-isomer_2_OHA_DH_cat_dom	Domain
IPR006140	D-isomer_DH_NAD-bd	Domain
IPR029753	D-isomer_DH_CS	Conserved_site
IPR036291	NAD(P)-bd_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050223

Pfam: PF00389, PF02826

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

• EC 1.1.1.26 — glyoxylate reductase (BRENDA: 17 organisms, 38 substrates, 13 inhibitors, 31 Km, 19 kcat entries)
• EC 1.1.1.79 — glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) (BRENDA: 24 organisms, 131 substrates, 53 inhibitors, 116 Km, 71 kcat entries)
• EC 1.1.1.81 — hydroxypyruvate reductase (BRENDA: 30 organisms, 73 substrates, 65 inhibitors, 82 Km, 39 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

27 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
GLYOXYLATE	0.0045–16	45
NADPH	0.0009–0.0648	38
HYDROXYPYRUVATE	0.0038–40	27
NADH	0.0061–0.24	14
GLYOXYLATE	0.0045–18.011	13
NADH	0.013–2.42	12
NADPH	0.0105–0.22	12
SUCCINIC SEMIALDEHYDE	0.87–8.96	9
3-HYDROXYPYRUVATE	0.057–9.35	8
GLYOXYLATE	3–80	7
HYDROXYPYRUVATE	0.058–1.4	6
NADH	0.0058–0.1	5
NADPH	0.0026–0.408	4
PHENYLPYRUVATE	3.7–6.58	4
HYDROXYPYRUVATE	0.8–6.8	3

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+) (RHEA:10992)
• (R)-glycerate + NAD(+) = 3-hydroxypyruvate + NADH + H(+) (RHEA:17905)
• (R)-glycerate + NADP(+) = 3-hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H(+) (RHEA:18657)

UniProt features (53 total): helix 17, strand 15, binding site 9, modified residue 3, splice variant 3, turn 2, chain 1, active site 1, site 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
2GCG	Ternary Crystal Structure of Human Glyoxylate Reductase/Hydroxypyruvate Reductase	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.2
2H1S	Crystal Structure of a Glyoxylate/Hydroxypyruvate reductase from Homo sapiens	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.45
2Q50	Ensemble refinement of the protein crystal structure of a glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate …	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.45
2WWR	Crystal Structure of Human Glyoxylate Reductase Hydroxypyruvate Reductase	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.82

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9UBQ7-F1	96.80	0.98

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Oxidoreductases, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Plasma proteins, Disease related genes, Potential drug targets, Human disease related genes, Congenital disorders of metabolism, Congenital disorders of carbohydrate metabolism

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): cytosol; nucleoplasm

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH enhanced · IF approved

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (2)

Position	Role
293	proton donor
274	raises pka of active site his

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (9)

Position	Role
295	NADP(+)
83–84	substrate
162–164	NADP(+)
185–188	NADP(+)
217	NADP(+)
243	NADP(+)
245	substrate
269	substrate
293–296	substrate

Post-translational modifications (3)

Type	Positions
Phosphoserine	36, 272
Phosphothreonine	298

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 curated (TAS) of 3; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

3 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-389661	Glyoxylate metabolism and glycine degradation	curated
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism	—
R-HSA-71291	Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives	—

MSigDB gene sets: 188 (showing top): MODULE_151, DITTMER_PTHLH_TARGETS_UP, DACOSTA_UV_RESPONSE_VIA_ERCC3_UP, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, SHEPARD_BMYB_MORPHOLINO_DN, GOBP_DICARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, chr9p13, GOBP_GLYOXYLATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, JAZAG_TGFB1_SIGNALING_VIA_SMAD4_UP, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ALDEHYDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, FLECHNER_BIOPSY_KIDNEY_TRANSPLANT_REJECTED_VS_OK_DN, MULLIGHAN_NPM1_SIGNATURE_3_DN, GOMF_OXIDOREDUCTASE_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_CH_OH_GROUP_OF_DONORS, DEURIG_T_CELL_PROLYMPHOCYTIC_LEUKEMIA_UP

GO Biological Process (3): carboxylic acid metabolic process (GO:0019752), dicarboxylic acid metabolic process (GO:0043648), glyoxylate metabolic process (GO:0046487)

GO Molecular Function (12): hydroxypyruvate reductase (NADH) activity (GO:0008465), hydroxypyruvate reductase [NAD(P)H] activity (GO:0016618), glyoxylate reductase (NADPH) activity (GO:0030267), carboxylic acid binding (GO:0031406), protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803), NAD binding (GO:0051287), NADPH binding (GO:0070402), hydroxypyruvate reductase (NADPH) activity (GO:0120509), protein binding (GO:0005515), oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor (GO:0016616), NADP binding (GO:0050661)

GO Cellular Component (6): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), peroxisomal matrix (GO:0005782), cytosol (GO:0005829), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), catalytic complex (GO:1902494)

Reactome top-level categories

2 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives	1
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

24 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
hydroxypyruvate reductase [NAD(P)H] activity	2
anion binding	2
adenyl nucleotide binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
cytoplasm	2
oxoacid metabolic process	1
carboxylic acid metabolic process	1
aldehyde metabolic process	1
monocarboxylic acid metabolic process	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor	1
glyoxylate reductase activity	1
organic acid binding	1
identical protein binding	1
protein dimerization activity	1
NADP binding	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
peroxisome	1
microbody lumen	1
extracellular vesicle	1
protein-containing complex	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 10 of 21 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

10 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
glyoxylate metabolic process	BP	direct assay
catalytic complex	CC	direct assay
cytoplasm	CC	direct assay
extracellular exosome	CC	high-throughput assay
mitochondrion	CC	high-throughput
NADPH binding	MF	direct assay
glyoxylate reductase (NADPH) activity	MF	direct assay
hydroxypyruvate reductase (NADH) activity	MF	direct assay
hydroxypyruvate reductase [NAD(P)H] activity	MF	direct assay
protein homodimerization activity	MF	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 2,019 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GRHPR	AGXT	P21549	990
GRHPR	HOGA1	Q86XE5	980
GRHPR	OGDH	Q02218	822
GRHPR	TMTC1	Q8IUR5	755
GRHPR	SLC26A1	Q9H2B4	602
GRHPR	PHC3	Q8NDX5	570
GRHPR	OAT	P04181	569
GRHPR	HAO1	Q9UJM8	521
GRHPR	SLC26A6	Q9BXS9	517
GRHPR	SLC7A9	P82251	516
GRHPR	PRODH2	Q9UF12	494
GRHPR	GLDC	P23378	479
GRHPR	SLC3A1	Q07837	462
GRHPR	GLYCTK	Q8IVS8	452
GRHPR	DMGDH	Q9UI17	442

IntAct

Human interaction partners of GRHPR in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

10 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
SLC23A1	physical association	0.630	6
CDC14B	physical association	0.400	1
SLBP	physical association	0.400	1
CDC7	physical association	0.370	1
FOS	physical association	0.370	1
GLS2	physical association	0.370	1
PCNA	physical association	0.370	1
PTH2R	physical association	0.370	1
LCOR	physical association	0.000	1
LSM1	physical association	0.000	1

BioGRID (120 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): PGM1 (Co-fractionation; 3 records), CLIC1 (Co-fractionation; 2 records), CTSD (Co-fractionation; 2 records), PARK2 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), PPIA (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), PRDX6 (Co-fractionation; 2 records), SUCLA2 (Co-fractionation; 2 records), ACO2 (Co-fractionation), ACOX1 (Co-fractionation), AGL (Co-fractionation), AGR2 (Proximity Label-MS), AKR1A1 (Co-fractionation), AKR1B1 (Co-fractionation), ARCN1 (Co-fractionation), C21orf33 (Co-fractionation)

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for GRHPR: 648 ClinVar records (142 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 5 GWAS associations. Per-variant detail is on Sugi Variant.

ClinVar

648 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	62
Likely pathogenic	80
Uncertain significance	141
Likely benign	268
Benign	23

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (15)

Showing the 15 best-reviewed of 142 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic ClinVar records, ranked by ClinVar review status (expert panel → multiple submitters → single submitter), then by number of submitting labs.

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification	Review	Submitters
5636	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.103del (p.Asp35fs)	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	17
5637	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.295C>T (p.Arg99Ter)	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	11
162020	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.866_867del (p.Val289fs)	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	10
204253	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.694del (p.Gln232fs)	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	6
371016	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.454dup (p.Thr152fs)	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	6
204241	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.84-2A>G	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	4
371535	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.337G>T (p.Glu113Ter)	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	3
2664102	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.287_287+4delinsCCC	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	2
2850596	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.97C>T (p.Gln33Ter)	Pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	2
188765	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.337G>A (p.Glu113Lys)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	7
548673	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.404+5G>A	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	5
2078815	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.370C>T (p.Arg124Cys)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	4
204230	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.-4_-3delinsAT	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	3
204239	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.965T>G (p.Met322Arg)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	3
551678	NM_012203.2(GRHPR):c.954_955del (p.Glu320fs)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	3

Per-variant reference — Sugi Variant

Explore GRHPR’s pathogenic and likely-pathogenic variants individually — each with its ClinVar classification and conditions, applied ACMG criteria (ClinGen expert panel, where curated), the calibrated in-silico predictors (AlphaMissense, REVEL, SaProt, conservation), gnomAD frequency, and the predictor-disagreement QC signal — on Sugi Variant.

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 37 predictions of 1,247):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
9:37424843–37424844	acceptor_loss	1.0000	3
9:37424843–37424844	acceptor_loss	0.9900	3
9:37424973	donor_gain	0.9900
9:37424976–37424977	donor_loss	0.9900	5
9:37425920–37425921	acceptor_loss	0.9900	6
9:37425995–37425996	donor_loss	0.9900	6
9:37429730–37429731	acceptor_loss	0.9900	6
9:37432139–37432140	donor_loss	0.9900	5
9:37422869	donor_gain	0.9800
9:37424846	acceptor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

811 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 2,118 scored), across 217 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
M305	9	0.894	0.977
M234	9	0.820	0.964
D269	8	0.981	0.988
H293	8	0.966	0.990
F175	8	0.909	0.980
S296	8	0.904	0.994
H87	8	0.844	0.950
F231	8	0.843	0.973
D61	8	0.755	0.906
W138	7	0.962	0.990
N242	7	0.958	0.996
W141	7	0.955	0.988
R245	7	0.952	0.996
D210	7	0.912	0.964
E274	7	0.892	0.961
W34	7	0.885	0.943
N312	7	0.871	0.980
C288	7	0.859	0.981
E113	7	0.828	0.972
C57	7	0.817	0.973

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

3 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	1.09e-08
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	7.83e-05
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (validation)	favorable	0.0002

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604296 | disease phenotypes: MIM:260000, MIM:259900, MIM:616719

GenCC curated gene-disease

1 curated gene-disease records:

Disease	Classification	Inheritance	Records
primary hyperoxaluria type 2	Definitive	Autosomal recessive	6

Genomics England panels (PanelApp)

Clinical diagnostic gene panels including this gene (9 panels, 9 green/diagnostic-grade). Confidence: green = diagnostic, amber = moderate.

9 panels:

Panel	Rating
Hypotonic infant	green
Leukodystrophy, childhood onset	green
Likely inborn error of metabolism	green
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis	green
Paediatric disorders	green
Peroxisomal disorders	green
Undiagnosed metabolic disorders	green
Unexplained death in infancy and sudden unexplained death in childhood	green
Unexplained young onset end-stage renal disease	green

Mondo (5): primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (MONDO:0009824), primary hyperoxaluria (MONDO:0002474), nephrocalcinosis (MONDO:0001567), nephrolithiasis (MONDO:0008171), acute infantile liver failure-cerebellar ataxia-peripheral sensory motor neuropathy syndrome (MONDO:0014744)

Orphanet (3): Primary hyperoxaluria (Orphanet:416), Primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (Orphanet:93599), Acute infantile liver failure-cerebellar ataxia-peripheral sensory motor neuropathy syndrome (Orphanet:466794)

HPO phenotypes

15 phenotypes (HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000010	Recurrent urinary tract infections
HP:0000083	Renal insufficiency
HP:0000121	Nephrocalcinosis
HP:0000787	Kidney stone
HP:0000790	Hematuria
HP:0001942	Metabolic acidosis
HP:0003159	Hyperoxaluria
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0006000	Ureteral obstruction
HP:0008672	Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis
HP:0011280	Abnormality of urine calcium concentration
HP:0012100	Abnormal circulating creatinine concentration
HP:6000638	Reduced hepatic glyoxylate reductase activity
HP:6000670	Elevated urinary L-glycerate level

GWAS associations

5 associations:

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST007565_137	Morning person	4e-17
GCST007576_259	Chronotype	4e-17
GCST011350_10	C-reactive protein levels	9e-10
GCST008103_11	Bipolar disorder	8e-8
GCST009088_1	Severe bacterial meningitis	7e-7

EFO canonical traits (from GWAS)

2 canonical traits:

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0008328	chronotype measurement
EFO:0004458	C-reactive protein measurement

MeSH disease descriptors

4 disease descriptors:

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D006960	Hyperoxaluria, Primary	C12.050.351.968.419.313.500; C12.200.777.419.313.500; C12.950.419.313.500; C16.320.565.202.460; C18.452.648.202.460
D009397	Nephrocalcinosis	C12.050.351.968.419.590; C12.200.777.419.590; C12.950.419.590; C18.452.174.130.560
D053040	Nephrolithiasis	C12.050.351.968.419.600; C12.050.351.968.967.249; C12.200.777.419.600; C12.200.777.967.249; C12.950.419.600; C12.950.967.249
C536415	Primary hyperoxaluria type 2 *(supp.)*

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4295972 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

1 measured of 1 human assays (1 total across all organisms); most potent 1 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
CHEMBL5653589	KD	1440 nM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

42 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	affects expression, decreases expression, increases expression	3
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	2
Smoke	decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
bisphenol F	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
sodium arsenate	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
nutlin 3	affects cotreatment, increases secretion	1
ICG 001	increases expression	1
bisphenol B	increases expression	1
2-amino-14,16-dimethyloctadecan-3-ol	decreases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases expression	1
LDN 193189	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
bisphenol AF	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression	1
Cadmium	decreases expression	1
Caffeine	increases phosphorylation	1
Dactinomycin	affects cotreatment, increases secretion	1
Isoniazid	increases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Lead	decreases expression	1
Manganese	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1

ChEMBL screening assays

2 unique, capped per target: 2 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL4118680	Binding	Binding affinity to GRHPR in human NCI-H23 cells at 1 uM by mass spectrometry based pull down assay	Studies of TAK1-centered polypharmacology with novel covalent TAK1 inhibitors. — *Bioorg Med Chem*

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B2Y7	Abcam HEK293T GRHPR KO	Transformed cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

showing 60 of 297 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00765128	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Intravenous Ketorolac for Postoperative Pain in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
NCT01295879	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Vitamin D Repletion in Stone Formers With Hypercalciuria
NCT01329042	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Potassium Sodium Hydrogen Citrate Therapy on Renal Stone Recurrence and/or Residual Fragments After Shockwave Lithotripsy and Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis
NCT01452880	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Remifentanil in Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
NCT01675362	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Are There Protective Effects of Antioxidants, Calcium Channel Blocker and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Against Extracorporeal Shockwaves Lithotripsy Induced Renal Injury?
NCT02011737	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Naftopidil 75mg for Improving Clearance of Urinary Stones
NCT02095665	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Ureteral Stent-related Pain and Mirabegron (SPAM) Trial
NCT02375295	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Struvite Stones Antibiotic Study
NCT02384200	Phase 4	COMPLETED	A Randomized Trial of Preoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics Prior to Kidney Stone Surgery (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy [PCNL])
NCT02430168	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of RIRS Versus PCNL Methods, According to Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Demand in 2 to 4 cm Renal Stones
NCT02430883	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Is There Any Relation Between Pain and Stone Location in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery?
NCT02443909	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Safety and Efficiency of 20w and 30w Holmium Laser Device in Management of 2-3 cm Diameter Kidney Stones With Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery
NCT02451319	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Safety and Efficiency of 20w 30w Holmium Laser Device in Treatment of 1-2 cm Diameter Kidney Stones With RIRS
NCT02489656	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Quality of Life in Patients With Double Loop Ureteral Stent (JJ Silicone Hydrogel Study)
NCT02818140	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Ultrasound-guided Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
NCT02966236	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Impact of Tranexamic Acid Use in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
NCT03035812	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Alkalinization by Urologists & Nephrologists
NCT03229889	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Trial of Tadalafil, Tamsulosin and Combination for Access Sheath Deployment
NCT03332056	Phase 4	COMPLETED	The Use of Belladonna and Opium Suppository in the Treatment of Postoperative Stent Pain
NCT03549611	Phase 4	WITHDRAWN	Pre-induction Analgesia: Multimodel Regimen vs Aceteminophen for Post Ureteroscopy Pain
NCT03692715	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Antibiotic Prophylaxis Before Shock Wave Lithotripsy
NCT03872843	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Opioid Free Management After Ureteroscopy
NCT03888144	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Study of Ketorolac Versus Opioid for Pain After Endoscopy
NCT04095975	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Urinary Alkalinizing Agents on Kidney Stone Risk
NCT04663269	Phase 4	TERMINATED	Regional Erector Spinae Analgesic Block vs Standard of Care Undergoing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
NCT05082142	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Tranexamic Acid to Improve Same-day Discharge Rates After Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP)
NCT05365477	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Empiric Versus Selective Prevention Strategies for Kidney Stone Disease
NCT05414669	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Allopurinol Effect on MDA,NO,KIM-1 Urine Levels, RI and Renal Elastography in Kidney Stone Patients Post ESWL
NCT05924165	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Narcotic-Free Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
NCT06124066	Phase 4	COMPLETED	THE EFFECTS OF MIRABEGRON AND TAMSULOSIN FOR PATIENTS WITH URETERAL STENTS
NCT06966635	Phase 4	RECRUITING	Exploratory Study on the Treatment of Gout With Potassium Citrate Sustained-release Tablets
NCT07124299	Phase 4	RECRUITING	Alpha-Blockers Prior to Ureteral Access Sheath Placement in Flexible Ureteroscopy: A Randomized Prospective Study
NCT07225764	Phase 4	RECRUITING	CaOx Stone Prevention
NCT07512297	Phase 4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Pain Control During ESWL Using Non-Opioid Analgesics
NCT07582341	Phase 4	COMPLETED	Combined Intravenous and Irrigation Tranexamic Acid During Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
NCT07825142	Phase 4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Anrikefon for Postoperative Analgesia After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
NCT04042402	Phase 3	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Long Term Extension Study in Patients With Primary Hyperoxaluria
NCT06465472	Phase 3	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Stiripentol in Patients 6 Years and Older With Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1, 2 or 3
NCT03116685	Phase 3	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oxabact in Patients With Primary Hyperoxaluria
NCT03905694	Phase 3	COMPLETED	A Study of Lumasiran in Infants and Young Children With Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1
NCT03938272	Phase 3	TERMINATED	An Extension Study to Evaluate the Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Oxabact in Patients With Primary Hyperoxaluria
NCT04152200	Phase 3	COMPLETED	A Study to Evaluate Lumasiran in Patients With Advanced Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1
NCT00249951	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Alkaline Citrate Treatment to Lower the Risk of Nephrocalcinosis in Preterm Infants
NCT01756547	Phase 3	UNKNOWN	Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Potassium Citrate on the Prevention of Nephrocalcinosis in Extreme Premature
NCT00004284	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Potassium Phosphate Vs Potassium Citrate for Absorptive Hypercalciuria
NCT00177086	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Alfuzosin Hydrochloride to Promote Passage of Distal Ureteral Calculi
NCT00713739	Phase 3	UNKNOWN	Alfuzosin for Medical Expulsion Therapy of Ureteral Stones
NCT00784472	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Visceral Pain From the Upper Urinary Tract - a Trial on the Effect of Morphine and Oxycodone in Patients Undergoing PCNL
NCT00959153	Phase 3	UNKNOWN	Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotriptor Indicated for Fragmenting Urinary Stones in the Kidney
NCT01215708	Phase 3	UNKNOWN	Effects of the Use of Adjuvant Drugs After Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL) in Renal Calculus
NCT01560091	Phase 3	WITHDRAWN	Differential Effect of Silodosin Versus Tamsulosin on Stone Clearance After Extra-corporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
NCT02090439	Phase 3	TERMINATED	Effectiveness of Silodosin in Medical Expulsive Therapy for Ureteral Pelvic Stone From 4 to 10 mm.
NCT02579161	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Trial of Randomized Antibiotic Administration in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
NCT03043027	Phase 3	WITHDRAWN	Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Control After Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy
NCT03057431	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Hydrochlorothiazide for Kidney Stone Recurrence Prevention
NCT03346369	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Lanthanum Carbonate (Fosrenol®) to Reduce Oxalate Excretion in Patients With Secondary Hyperoxaluria and Nephrolithiasis
NCT03584373	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Pain Outcomes of Non-opioid vs. Opioid Analgesia for Kidney Stone Surgery.
NCT03927781	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Perioperative Pregabalin in Ureteroscopy: a Pilot
NCT04286152	Phase 3	UNKNOWN	Mirabegron And Ureteral Stent-related Pain (MAP) Trial
NCT04559321	Phase 3	UNKNOWN	Holmium Vs Trilogy Kidney Stones GUY’s 1-2

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for GRHPR across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.