GRXCR1

Summary

GRXCR1 (glutaredoxin and cysteine rich domain containing 1, HGNC:31673) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4p13, encoding Glutaredoxin domain-containing cysteine-rich protein 1 (A8MXD5). May play a role in actin filament architecture in developing stereocilia of sensory cells.

This gene is one of 60 loci associated with autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment. This gene encodes a protein which contains GRX-like domains; these domains play a role in the S-glutathionylation of proteins and may be involved in actin organization in hair cells.

Source: NCBI Gene 389207 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss (Definitive, ClinGen) — +2 more curated relationships
• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 169 total — 10 pathogenic, 4 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 5
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency autosomal recessive, triplosensitivity no evidence
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001080476

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31673
Approved symbol	GRXCR1
Name	glutaredoxin and cysteine rich domain containing 1
Location	4p13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PPP1R88
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000215203
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	613283
Entrez	389207

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000399770

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001080476 NM_001080476

CCDS: CCDS43225

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000399770 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001540121	43030361	43030658
ENSE00001540128	43020354	43020419
ENSE00001540130	42962892	42963134
ENSE00001540131	42892713	42893650

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth tissue_specific, 7 present calls, max score 82.98.

Top tissues by expression

121 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	82.98	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	43.96	silver quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	41.29	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	38.24	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	36.48	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	36.47	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	36.16	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	35.92	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	35.49	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	34.86	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	32.74	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	32.15	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	32.14	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	31.74	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	31.63	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	31.44	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	30.93	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	29.87	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	29.52	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	29.16	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	28.28	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	28.14	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	27.73	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	27.57	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	27.54	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	27.27	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	27.05	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	27.04	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	26.81	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	26.78	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	16.16

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

10 targeting GRXCR1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-6783-3P	99.89	67.92	2059
HSA-MIR-1343-3P	99.89	66.78	1815
HSA-MIR-561-3P	99.64	70.90	3647
HSA-MIR-497-3P	99.61	69.71	1990
HSA-MIR-410-3P	99.27	69.98	2457
HSA-MIR-6742-3P	97.95	64.50	1490

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 30 (autosomal recessive), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• Quantitative analysis of GRXCR1 transcripts in fetal and adult human tissues revealed a preferential expression of the gene in fetal cochlea, which may explain the nonsyndromic nature of the hearing impairment. (PMID:20137778)
• Novel mutations in GRXCR1 at DFNB25 leading to progressive hearing loss are identified in a Japanese family. (PMID:25802247)

Cross-species orthologs

7 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	grxcr1b	ENSDARG00000069865
danio_rerio	grxcr1a	ENSDARG00000105434
mus_musculus	Grxcr1	ENSMUSG00000068082
rattus_norvegicus	Grxcr1	ENSRNOG00000038891
drosophila_melanogaster	CG12206	FBGN0029662
drosophila_melanogaster	CG31559	FBGN0051559
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00021593

Paralogs (2): GLRX2 (ENSG00000023572), GRXCR2 (ENSG00000204928)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glutaredoxin domain-containing cysteine-rich protein 1 — A8MXD5 (reviewed: A8MXD5)

All UniProt accessions (1): A8MXD5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. May play a role in actin filament architecture in developing stereocilia of sensory cells.

Subcellular location. Cell projection. Stereocilium. Microvillus. Kinocilium.

Tissue specificity. Expressed at low levels in adult lung, brain and duodenum with moderate levels in testis. Highly expressed in fetal cochlea.

Disease relevance. Deafness, autosomal recessive, 25 (DFNB25) [MIM:613285] A form of non-syndromic sensorineural deafness characterized by moderate to severe or profound hearing loss which is progressive in some individuals but not in others. Speech development is impaired in some but not all affected individuals, and vestibular dysfunction is observed in some affected individuals. Sensorineural deafness results from damage to the neural receptors of the inner ear, the nerve pathways to the brain, or the area of the brain that receives sound information. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity. Belongs to the GRXCR1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001073945* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002109	Glutaredoxin	Domain
IPR036249	Thioredoxin-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR042797	GRXCR1	Family

Pfam: PF00462, PF23733

UniProt features (9 total): sequence variant 7, chain 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-A8MXD5-F1	75.36	0.37

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9662360	Sensory processing of sound by inner hair cells of the cochlea
R-HSA-9662361	Sensory processing of sound by outer hair cells of the cochlea

MSigDB gene sets: 75 (showing top): GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_NITROGEN_COMPOUND, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_MECHANICAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_PLASMA_MEMBRANE_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_METAL_ION, GOBP_EPIDERMAL_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GOBP_EXOCYTOSIS, GOBP_ANIMAL_ORGAN_MORPHOGENESIS, GOBP_EAR_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_EMBRYONIC_ORGAN_MORPHOGENESIS, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, GOBP_SECRETION

GO Biological Process (15): exocytosis (GO:0006887), plasma membrane organization (GO:0007009), sensory perception of sound (GO:0007605), response to calcium ion (GO:0051592), establishment of localization in cell (GO:0051649), auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization (GO:0060088), vestibular receptor cell development (GO:0060118), inner ear receptor cell development (GO:0060119), inner ear receptor cell stereocilium organization (GO:0060122), calcium ion transmembrane transport (GO:0070588), cochlea development (GO:0090102), response to acetylcholine (GO:1905144), cell morphogenesis (GO:0000902), inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation (GO:0042491), inner ear development (GO:0048839)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (5): microvillus (GO:0005902), stereocilium (GO:0032420), kinocilium (GO:0060091), cilium (GO:0005929), cell projection (GO:0042995)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Sensory processing of sound	2

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
inner ear receptor cell development	2
inner ear receptor cell differentiation	2
anatomical structure development	2
actin-based cell projection	2
stereocilium bundle	2
neuron projection	2
vesicle-mediated transport	1
secretion by cell	1
vesicle fusion to plasma membrane	1
endomembrane system organization	1
membrane organization	1
sensory perception of mechanical stimulus	1
response to metal ion	1
establishment of localization	1
cellular localization	1
auditory receptor cell morphogenesis	1
inner ear receptor cell stereocilium organization	1
vestibular receptor cell differentiation	1
neuron development	1
neuron projection development	1
calcium ion transport	1
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	1
inner ear development	1
response to nitrogen compound	1
response to oxygen-containing compound	1
anatomical structure morphogenesis	1
hair cell differentiation	1
ear development	1
binding	1
actin filament bundle	1
radial spoke	1
organelle	1
9+2 non-motile cilium	1
intraciliary transport particle	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

760 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GRXCR1	ATP8A1	Q9Y2Q0	927
GRXCR1	SERINC3	Q13530	892
GRXCR1	GLRX	P35754	839
GRXCR1	ACADM	P11310	795
GRXCR1	E9PNW1	E9PNW1	778
GRXCR1	CDH23	Q9H251	727
GRXCR1	GIPC3	Q8TF64	682
GRXCR1	TPRN	Q4KMQ1	657
GRXCR1	ADGRV1	Q8WXG9	646
GRXCR1	KCNQ4	P56696	625
GRXCR1	PJVK	Q0ZLH3	605
GRXCR1	LOXHD1	Q8IVV2	600
GRXCR1	TMPRSS3	P57727	599
GRXCR1	TMC1	Q8TDI8	597
GRXCR1	ESPN	B1AK53	587
GRXCR1	MYO3A	Q8NEV4	587

IntAct

30 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GRXCR1	ALAS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GRXCR1	TEX11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GRXCR1	PRDM6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GRXCR1	PICK1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GRXCR1	CAP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GRXCR1	INCA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GRXCR1	SDCBP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GRXCR1	SNX32	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
	GRXCR1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GRXCR1	PPP1CA	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
GRXCR1	VPS4B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GRXCR1	ALAS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GRXCR1	CAP2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GRXCR1	TEX11	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GRXCR1	PRDM6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GRXCR1	PICK1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
SDCBP	GRXCR1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GRXCR1	INCA1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GRXCR1	SNX32	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GRXCR1		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (17): GRXCR1 (Two-hybrid), GRXCR1 (Two-hybrid), GRXCR1 (Two-hybrid), GRXCR1 (Two-hybrid), GRXCR1 (Two-hybrid), GRXCR1 (Two-hybrid), GRXCR1 (Two-hybrid), GRXCR1 (Two-hybrid), GRXCR1 (Two-hybrid), PGAM4 (Affinity Capture-MS), SCIN (Affinity Capture-MS), VPS4B (Affinity Capture-MS), KLHL24 (Affinity Capture-MS), C9orf41 (Affinity Capture-MS), PPP1CC (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2YP56, A3BMN9, A3KMI0, A7UL74, A8MXD5, B8ARK7, F4JUI9, O80831, P08487, P0CB22, P10686, P19174, P29375, P41229, P41230, P54936, Q02256, Q03606, Q0WVD6, Q10003, Q22070, Q30DN6, Q38JA7, Q3UXZ9, Q50H32, Q5RBG4, Q5REW0, Q62077, Q62240, Q63369, Q6K431, Q710E8, Q7XWV4, Q7Z478, Q80Y84, Q80Y98, Q84W56, Q8GZB6, Q8LI34, Q8LMR2

Diamond homologs: A6NFK2, A8MXD5, Q3TYR5, Q50H32, O23419, Q02784, Q0JM76, Q6NLU2, Q8LBK6, Q9FLE8, Q9HDW8, Q9LH89, Q9VNL4, Q9W4S1, B7ZFT1, O04341, O23417, O23420, O23421, O76003, O81187, O82254, O82255, P0AC62, P0AC63, P0AC64, P0C290, P0C291, P10575, P12309, P17695, P35754, P38068, P55142, P55143, Q0DAE4, Q0DK35, Q0IMV4, Q0IRB0, Q0J3L4

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

169 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	10
Likely pathogenic	4
Uncertain significance	89
Likely benign	44
Benign	10

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (14)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1403252	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.717T>A (p.Cys239Ter)	Pathogenic
1456962	NC_000004.12:g.43030359AG[2]	Pathogenic
1699340	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.550G>T (p.Glu184Ter)	Pathogenic
2444002	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.457T>G (p.Phe153Val)	Pathogenic
3347037	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.568C>T (p.Arg190Ter)	Pathogenic
3601164	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.181C>T (p.Gln61Ter)	Pathogenic
3601166	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.672del (p.Asp225fs)	Pathogenic
504921	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.594_597dup (p.Val200fs)	Pathogenic
522426	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.385-2A>G	Pathogenic
687258	GRCh37/hg19 4p13(chr4:42922101-43379430)x1	Pathogenic
2445639	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.668T>A (p.Leu223Gln)	Likely pathogenic
3347669	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.169del (p.Asp57fs)	Likely pathogenic
3772638	GRCh37/hg19 4p13(chr4:42964909-42965151)x0	Likely pathogenic
505242	NM_001080476.3(GRXCR1):c.784C>T (p.Arg262Ter)	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

1245 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
4:42962887:TTCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:42962889:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:42962890:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:42962890:A:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:42962891:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:42962891:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:42962891:GCA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:42962891:GCAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:42962891:GCAAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:43030360:GAGA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:42962893:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:42963132:GGG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
4:42963133:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
4:42963133:GGG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
4:42963134:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
4:42963135:GTAA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
4:42963136:TAAG:T	donor_loss	0.9900
4:42963137:AAG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
4:43030338:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:43030346:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:43030350:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:43030351:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:43030358:CAGAG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:43030359:A:AC	acceptor_loss	0.9900
4:43030359:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:43030359:AGAGA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:43030360:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:43030360:GA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:43030360:GAGAG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:42893405:GCC:G	donor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

1902 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
4:42962983:T:A	V159D	1.000
4:42963102:C:T	P199S	1.000
4:42963103:C:A	P199H	1.000
4:42963103:C:G	P199R	1.000
4:43020394:T:C	L223P	1.000
4:43030415:T:C	C250R	1.000
4:43030416:G:A	C250Y	1.000
4:43030417:C:G	C250W	1.000
4:43030424:T:A	C253S	1.000
4:43030424:T:C	C253R	1.000
4:43030425:G:A	C253Y	1.000
4:43030425:G:C	C253S	1.000
4:43030425:G:T	C253F	1.000
4:43030426:C:G	C253W	1.000
4:43030431:G:A	G255E	1.000
4:43030487:T:A	C274S	1.000
4:43030487:T:C	C274R	1.000
4:43030488:G:C	C274S	1.000
4:43030496:T:A	C277S	1.000
4:43030496:T:C	C277R	1.000
4:43030497:G:A	C277Y	1.000
4:43030497:G:C	C277S	1.000
4:43030498:C:G	C277W	1.000
4:43030509:G:A	G281D	1.000
4:43030512:T:C	L282P	1.000
4:42893319:T:C	F18S	0.999
4:42962931:T:G	Y142D	0.999
4:42962964:T:C	F153L	0.999
4:42962966:T:A	F153L	0.999
4:42962966:T:G	F153L	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS10000073 (4:43020205 T>C,G), RS1000035912 (4:42991863 GCA>G), RS10000398 (4:43026677 A>G,T), RS10000827 (4:43020931 T>A), RS1000083677 (4:42988978 C>G), RS1000091818 (4:42998874 T>A,C), RS10001179 (4:42980506 T>C), RS1000119080 (4:42913806 G>A,T), RS1000128719 (4:43025311 T>C), RS1000138721 (4:42905192 C>T), RS1000175301 (4:42910975 T>C), RS1000191678 (4:42965423 C>G,T), RS1000206363 (4:42910632 C>T), RS1000206513 (4:43030892 G>A), RS1000253301 (4:42993179 G>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:613283 | disease phenotypes: MIM:613285, MIM:181500, MIM:220290, MIM:607197

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 25	Definitive	Autosomal recessive
nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss	Definitive	Autosomal recessive
hearing loss, autosomal recessive	Supportive	Autosomal recessive

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss	Definitive	AR

Mondo (5): autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss 25 (MONDO:0013210), schizophrenia (MONDO:0005090), hearing loss, autosomal recessive (MONDO:0019588), hearing loss disorder (MONDO:0005365), nonsyndromic genetic hearing loss (MONDO:0019497)

Orphanet (4): Rare autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural deafness type DFNB (Orphanet:90636), Rare autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural deafness type DFNA (Orphanet:90635), Rare genetic deafness (Orphanet:96210), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Schizophrenia (Orphanet:3140)

HPO phenotypes

5 total (6 of 5 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000365	Hearing impairment
HP:0000408	Progressive sensorineural hearing impairment
HP:0001751	Abnormal vestibular function
HP:0003577	Congenital onset
HP:0100753	Schizophrenia

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001762_52	Obesity-related traits	7.000000e-06
GCST002666_5	Interferon alpha levels in systemic lupus erythematosus	2.000000e-06
GCST003830_45	Response to bronchodilator in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (change in FEV1)	8.000000e-07
GCST004125_6	Type 2 diabetes (age of onset)	2.000000e-06
GCST006575_31	Takayasu arteritis	2.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0006517	interferon alpha measurement
EFO:0005921	FEV change measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (3)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D034381	Hearing Loss	C09.218.458.341; C10.597.751.418.341; C23.888.592.763.393.341
C564609	Deafness, Autosomal Recessive (supp.)
C580334	Nonsyndromic Deafness (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

8 total (human), top 8 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	increases expression	1
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid	increases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases methylation	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	1
Rotenone	decreases expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

301 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00000374	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment for First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00001656	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Clozapine vs Olanzapine in Childhood-Onset Psychotic Disorders
NCT00007774	PHASE4	COMPLETED	To Determine if Olanzapine is More Cost Effective Than Haloperidol for the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00014001	PHASE4	COMPLETED	CATIE- Schizophrenia Trial
NCT00018668	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Antipsychotic Response in Schizophrenia
NCT00034801	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Active Comparator in the Treatment of Depression in Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00034905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Comparison of Seroquel vs. Risperidone in Schizophrenia
NCT00036088	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus An Active Comparator in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
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NCT00044655	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Switching Medication to Treat Schizophrenia
NCT00048828	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treating Drug-Resistant Childhood Schizophrenia
NCT00053703	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Early Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS)
NCT00056498	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Risperidone Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients Who Are Currently Taking Clozapine
NCT00061802	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety of Two Atypical Antipsychotics vs. Placebo in Patients With an Acute Exacerbation of Either Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00080327	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Three Doses of Aripiprazole in Patients With Acute Schizophrenia
NCT00088049	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Olanzapine vs. Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00090012	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Comparison of Continuing Olanzapine to Switching to Quetiapine in Overweight or Obese Patients With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00100776	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of High Dose Olanzapine for the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00103571	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Olanzapine Versus Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Acutely Ill Patients With Schizophrenia
NCT00108368	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effects of Risperidone and Olanzapine on Thinking
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NCT00137020	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Clinical Effect Of Cross Titration Of Antipsychotics With Ziprasidone In Schizophrenia Or Schizoaffective Disorder
NCT00140166	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment of Acute Schizophrenia With Vitamin Therapy
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NCT00156715	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy of Quetiapine in the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia and a Comorbid Substance Use Disorder
NCT00158223	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Pimozide in Augmenting the Effects of Clozapine in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
NCT00159081	PHASE4	COMPLETED	One Year Drug Treatment in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159120	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Maintenance Treatment vs. Stepwise Drug Discontinuation in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159133	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Prodrome-Based Early Intervention With Antipsychotics vs. Benzodiazepines in First-Episode Schizophrenia
NCT00159757	PHASE4	TERMINATED	12 Week Open, Non-Comparative Switch Study Of Oral Ziprazidone In Previously Treated Schizophrenic Patients
NCT00167817	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Switch to Aripiprazole on Health and Smoking Parameters in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study
NCT00169026	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Alcoholism and Schizophrenia: Effects of Clozapine
NCT00169039	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Chlorpromazine for Treatment-Unresponsive Schizophrenia
NCT00169065	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effectiveness of Clozapine Versus Olanzapine for Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia
NCT00169091	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Clozapine Versus Haloperidol for Treating the First Episode of Schizophrenia
NCT00176423	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy Study of Galantamine for Cognitive Impairments in Schizophrenia
NCT00176436	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Atomoxetine for Treatment of Weight Gain in Olanzapine or Clozapine Patients
NCT00177008	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Schizophrenia With Co-Morbid Social Anxiety