GSTA3

Summary

GSTA3 (glutathione S-transferase alpha 3, HGNC:4628) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p12.2, encoding Glutathione S-transferase A3 (Q16772). Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.

Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class genes that are located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6. Genes of the alpha class are highly related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity. However, during evolution, this alpha class gene diverged accumulating mutations in the active site that resulted in differences in substrate specificity and catalytic activity. The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the double bond isomerization of precursors for progesterone and testosterone during the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its full length sequence has not been determined.

Source: NCBI Gene 2940 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 36 total
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_000847

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:4628
Approved symbol	GSTA3
Name	glutathione S-transferase alpha 3
Location	6p12.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000174156
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605449
Entrez	2940

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 5 protein_coding

ENST00000211122, ENST00000370968, ENST00000431899, ENST00000961739, ENST00000961740

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_000847 NM_000847, NM_001363542

CCDS: CCDS4947, CCDS87412

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000211122 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001137820	52909641	52909698
ENSE00003461247	52897825	52897956
ENSE00003485373	52903676	52903727
ENSE00003503238	52896646	52896928
ENSE00003522693	52902346	52902478
ENSE00003524439	52899934	52900075
ENSE00003672049	52905748	52905855

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 139 present calls, max score 96.61.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.1595 / max 52.6764, expressed in 36 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
73976	0.1595	36

Top tissues by expression

255 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	96.61	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	95.59	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	95.10	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	94.99	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	94.73	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	94.63	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	94.54	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	93.77	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	93.66	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	92.44	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	92.18	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	87.13	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	86.68	silver quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	85.87	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	85.42	gold quality
nasopharynx	UBERON:0001728	85.41	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	84.83	silver quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	84.77	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	83.38	silver quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	82.94	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	82.42	silver quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	82.18	silver quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	81.96	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	81.65	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	81.49	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	81.49	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	80.75	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	78.32	silver quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	77.37	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	77.30	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.07

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NFE2L2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

9 targeting GSTA3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-6835-3P	99.93	70.49	2904
HSA-MIR-1323	99.83	69.89	2471
HSA-MIR-548O-3P	99.74	69.30	2228
HSA-MIR-6715B-5P	99.64	69.63	1420
HSA-MIR-4269	99.55	69.89	1373
HSA-MIR-6843-3P	99.26	66.42	915
HSA-MIR-4684-3P	98.24	69.91	1075

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 10)

• describe an I71L polymorphism in GSTA3 that occurs at a low frequency in African populations (PMID:15454730)
• Analysis of the active centers of hGSTA3-3 reveals that residues in positions 12 and 208 may contribute to its disparate isomerase activity toward Delta(5)-AD. (PMID:15595823)
• Significantly contributes to the double-bond isomerization necessary for steroid hormone biosynthesis in complex systems, thereby complementing the indispensable 3beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. (PMID:18426392)
• The 3D structures of human GSTs A2-2 and A3-3 in complex with Delta(4)-androstene-3-17-dione, were solved. (PMID:20083122)
• Data indicate that steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) and glutathione S-transferase A (GSTA) family genes (hGSTA1-hGSTA4) are involved in steroidogenesis. (PMID:23650189)
• Density functional theory calculations used to propose a refined mechanism for the isomerization of delta(5)-androstene-3,17-dione catalyzed by GST A3-3 (PMID:24739064)
• analysis of how isomerization of the steroid Delta(5)-androstene-3,17-dione by the glutathione transferase A3-3 (PMID:25248748)
• GSTA3 expression is significantly downregulated in human masticatory mucosa during wound healing (PMID:28005267)
• Certain core genes, including COL12A1, glutathione Stransferase alpha3 (GSTA3), fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA) and fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG), were the first reported to be associated with Gastric Cancer. Survival analysis suggested that these four genes, COL12A1 (P=0.002), GSTA3 (P=3.4x106), FGA (P=0.00075) and FGG (P=1.4x105), were significant poor prognostic factors of gastric cancer. (PMID:30106150)
• Inhibitory effect of glutathione S-transferase A3 in the progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:33089654)

Cross-species orthologs

41 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gstp1.1	ENSDARG00000103019
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001749
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001750
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001751
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001752
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001753
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001754
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001755
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001756
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001757
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001758
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001759
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001760
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001761
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001762
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001764
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001765
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001766
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001767
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001769
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001770
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001771
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001772
caenorhabditis_elegans	gst-25	WBGENE00001773
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001774
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001775
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001776
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001777
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001779
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001780
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001781
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001782
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001783
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001785
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001786
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001787
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001789
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018911
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018912
caenorhabditis_elegans	W10C8.4	WBGENE00021127
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00021566

Paralogs (11): GSTP1 (ENSG00000084207), GSTM1 (ENSG00000134184), GSTM5 (ENSG00000134201), GSTM3 (ENSG00000134202), HPGDS (ENSG00000163106), GSTM4 (ENSG00000168765), GSTA4 (ENSG00000170899), GSTA5 (ENSG00000182793), GSTM2 (ENSG00000213366), GSTA1 (ENSG00000243955), GSTA2 (ENSG00000244067)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glutathione S-transferase A3 — Q16772 (reviewed: Q16772)

Alternative names: GST class-alpha member 3, Glutathione S-transferase A3-3

All UniProt accessions (3): Q16772, Q5JW84, Q5JW85

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Catalyzes isomerization reactions that contribute to the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. Efficiently catalyze obligatory double-bond isomerizations of delta(5)-androstene-3,17-dione and delta(5)-pregnene-3,20-dione, precursors to testosterone and progesterone, respectively. Has substantial activity toward aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Similarity. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Alpha family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_000838, NP_001350471 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003080	GST_alpha	Family
IPR004045	Glutathione_S-Trfase_N	Domain
IPR004046	GST_C	Domain
IPR010987	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C-like	Domain
IPR036249	Thioredoxin-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036282	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR040079	Glutathione_S-Trfase	Family
IPR050213	GST_superfamily	Family

Pfam: PF00043, PF02798

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.5.1.18 — glutathione transferase (BRENDA: 178 organisms, 548 substrates, 680 inhibitors, 878 Km, 525 kcat entries)
• EC 5.3.3.1 — steroid DELTA-isomerase (BRENDA: 15 organisms, 48 substrates, 67 inhibitors, 98 Km, 86 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

89 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE	0.0003–223.6	289
GLUTATHIONE	0.0002–532.43	253
5-ANDROSTENE-3,17-DIONE	0.0001–0.548	65
GSH	0.0003–37.4	62
REDUCED GLUTATHIONE	0.017–11.4	24
ETHACRYNIC ACID	0.0001–2.43	19
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE	0.038–14.3	10
(+)-2-BROMO-3-(4-NITROPHENYL)PROPANOIC ACID	0.023–0.417	8
MONOCHLOROBIMANE	0.004–0.25	8
4-CHLORO-7-NITROBENZO-2-OXA-1,3-DIAZOLE	0.324–3.866	7
1-IODOHEXANE	0.009–0.059	6
ALACHLOR	0.042–7.23	6
PHENETHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE	0.0065–0.14	6
STYRENE 7,8-OXIDE	0.064–0.365	6
ANDROSTENE-3,17-DIONE	0.023–0.0735	6

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 3 shown:

• RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+) (RHEA:16437)
• pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione = progesterone (RHEA:43928)
• androst-5-ene-3,17-dione = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (RHEA:43936)

UniProt features (36 total): helix 11, sequence variant 5, strand 5, binding site 4, sequence conflict 3, turn 2, domain 2, modified residue 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2VCV	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8
1TDI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q16772-F1	97.53	0.98

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 9; 45; 54–55; 67–68

Post-translational modifications (2): 2, 4

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-156590	Glutathione conjugation
R-HSA-9818027	NFE2L2 regulating anti-oxidant/detoxification enzymes

MSigDB gene sets: 97 (showing top): REACTOME_BIOLOGICAL_OXIDATIONS, GOMF_GLUTATHIONE_TRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY, BOYAULT_LIVER_CANCER_SUBCLASS_G12_DN, MODULE_75, chr6p12, SENGUPTA_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, GOBP_AMIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_LIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, REACTOME_GLUTATHIONE_CONJUGATION, GOBP_GLUTATHIONE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, LEE_LIVER_CANCER_ACOX1_DN, VECCHI_GASTRIC_CANCER_EARLY_DN, GOBP_MODIFIED_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, KEGG_METABOLISM_OF_XENOBIOTICS_BY_CYTOCHROME_P450, SUZUKI_RESPONSE_TO_TSA

GO Biological Process (3): lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749), xenobiotic metabolic process (GO:0006805)

GO Molecular Function (2): glutathione transferase activity (GO:0004364), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytosol (GO:0005829), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds	1
Nuclear events mediated by NFE2L2	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
primary metabolic process	1
modified amino acid metabolic process	1
sulfur compound metabolic process	1
metabolic process	1
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	1
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups	1
catalytic activity	1
cytoplasm	1
extracellular vesicle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

640 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GSTA3	SLCO6A1	Q86UG4	762
GSTA3	MGST1	P10620	663
GSTA3	GSTO1	P78417	593
GSTA3	CILK1	Q9UPZ9	548
GSTA3	GSTT2B	P0CG30	545
GSTA3	GSTO2	Q9H4Y5	530
GSTA3	GCLC	P48506	528
GSTA3	NQO1	P15559	512
GSTA3	GSTM5	P46439	504
GSTA3	GCLM	P48507	474
GSTA3	GPX7	Q96SL4	448
GSTA3	GPA33	Q99795	443
GSTA3	FRMPD4	Q14CM0	441
GSTA3	GPX2	P18283	431
GSTA3	GPX3	P22352	431

IntAct

8 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GSTA2	GSTA4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.920
GSTA1	GSTA4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MAPT	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (8): GSTA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA3 (Affinity Capture-MS), APP (Reconstituted Complex), GSTA3 (Affinity Capture-Luminescence)

ESM2 similar proteins: F4IA73, O15217, O16115, O18879, O35543, O60760, P00502, P04903, P04904, P08263, P09210, P09792, P10648, P13745, P14942, P24472, P26624, P26697, P30113, P30114, P30115, P32111, P46418, P46429, P46434, P51781, P80894, P81706, Q08392, Q08393, Q08862, Q08863, Q09607, Q16772, Q28035, Q54QV7, Q556G3, Q5E9G0, Q6AXY0, Q7RTV2

Diamond homologs: O15217, O18879, O73888, P00502, P04903, P04904, P04906, P08263, P09210, P09211, P10648, P13745, P14942, P19157, P24472, P26624, P26697, P30115, P35661, P46088, P46418, P46424, P46425, P47954, P51781, P80031, P80894, P81706, P81942, Q08392, Q08393, Q08862, Q08863, Q16772, Q28035, Q28514, Q54YN2, Q556G3, Q5E9G0, Q5R8R5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

36 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	30
Likely benign	0
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

577 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:52896928:CCTG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:52896929:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52896930:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:52897820:GTCAC:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:52897821:TCACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:52897822:CACCT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:52897824:C:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:52897868:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52899929:CCTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52899932:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52899932:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
6:52899933:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
6:52899933:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52900071:CAATT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52900074:TT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52900075:TC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:52900076:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:52902344:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52902345:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52902345:CAGGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52902355:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52902368:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52902474:CCCAT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52902475:CCATC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52902476:CAT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52902477:ATC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:52902478:TCT:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:52902479:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52902480:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52902481:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1468 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:52896884:A:C	F197L	0.985
6:52896884:A:T	F197L	0.985
6:52896886:A:G	F197L	0.985
6:52902462:G:C	F52L	0.985
6:52902462:G:T	F52L	0.985
6:52902464:A:G	F52L	0.985
6:52903725:A:C	F30L	0.985
6:52903725:A:T	F30L	0.985
6:52903727:A:G	F30L	0.985
6:52905774:A:G	W21R	0.984
6:52905774:A:T	W21R	0.984
6:52905776:C:G	R20P	0.972
6:52897909:G:C	S154R	0.971
6:52897909:G:T	S154R	0.971
6:52897911:T:G	S154R	0.971
6:52896863:C:A	R204S	0.970
6:52896863:C:G	R204S	0.970
6:52902417:C:A	Q67H	0.966
6:52902417:C:G	Q67H	0.966
6:52897892:A:G	L160P	0.964
6:52905790:T:A	R15S	0.962
6:52905790:T:G	R15S	0.962
6:52902463:A:G	F52S	0.961
6:52897902:C:G	D157H	0.959
6:52902391:G:T	A76D	0.959
6:52902445:A:T	V58D	0.959
6:52905786:C:T	E17K	0.959
6:52905815:A:T	L7H	0.959
6:52897904:G:T	A156D	0.958
6:52902392:C:G	A76P	0.958

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000599548 (6:52910607 T>C), RS1000742786 (6:52898256 T>A), RS1000773908 (6:52903230 C>A,T), RS1000826600 (6:52902981 G>A), RS1000945110 (6:52903546 G>A,C), RS1000948717 (6:52897942 A>G,T), RS1001000537 (6:52908657 A>G), RS1001552136 (6:52904894 T>A), RS1002005715 (6:52911556 C>G,T), RS1002022788 (6:52904658 T>C), RS1002610390 (6:52899867 G>C), RS1002623336 (6:52905997 C>T), RS1002774491 (6:52900664 A>G), RS1003099710 (6:52907024 G>A), RS1003547113 (6:52908431 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605449 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003999_19	Nose size	2.000000e-07
GCST005991_88	Platelet count	8.000000e-09
GCST007130_2	Cerebrospinal fluid t-tau:AB1-42 ratio	5.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004309	platelet count
EFO:0007708	t-tau:beta-amyloid 1-42 ratio measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL4866 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

59 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Androstenes	affects metabolic processing	3
Androstenedione	affects chemical synthesis, affects metabolic processing, increases chemical synthesis	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation, increases expression	2
Chenodeoxycholic Acid	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Deoxycholic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Glutathione	affects binding, affects metabolic processing	2
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Glycocholic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Glycodeoxycholic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Progesterone	affects reaction, increases chemical synthesis	2
bismuth tripotassium dicitrate	decreases expression	1
5-androstene-3,17-dione	affects metabolic processing, affects chemical synthesis	1
lasiocarpine	decreases expression	1
sanguinarine	decreases reaction, increases metabolic processing	1
6-hydroxy-5-((p- sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid disodium salt	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
chlortoluron	decreases expression	1
malealdehyde	increases expression	1
2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide	decreases expression	1
dibenzo(a,l)pyrene	affects binding, affects metabolic processing, decreases response to substance	1
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-glutathione conjugate	decreases reaction, increases metabolic processing	1
nefazodone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
KT 5720	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
cyanoginosin LR	affects response to substance, increases glutathionylation	1
microcystin RR	increases glutathionylation	1
glycidamide	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
azaspiracid	decreases expression	1
Atazanavir Sulfate	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Arsenic Trioxide	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1743224	ADMET	Substrates for human cytosolic glutathione transferase GSTA3	Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons, 7th edition

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.