GSTA5

Summary

GSTA5 (glutathione S-transferase alpha 5, HGNC:19662) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p12.2, encoding Glutathione S-transferase A5 (Q7RTV2).

The glutathione S-transferases (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathiones and a variety of electrophiles, including many known carcinogens and mutagens. The cytosolic GSTs belong to a large superfamily, with members located on different chromosomes. For additional information on GSTs, see GSTA1 (MIM 138359).

Source: NCBI Gene 221357 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 33 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_153699

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:19662
Approved symbol	GSTA5
Name	glutathione S-transferase alpha 5
Location	6p12.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000182793
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	607605
Entrez	221357

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 1 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000370989, ENST00000475052

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_153699 NM_153699

CCDS: CCDS4946

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000370989 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002522910	52836236	52836368
ENSE00003474960	52832859	52832990
ENSE00003510546	52837558	52837609
ENSE00003517113	52831848	52831970
ENSE00003520398	52834141	52834282
ENSE00004020271	52840727	52840813

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 17 present calls, max score 84.28.

Top tissues by expression

113 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	84.28	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	48.32	silver quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	43.02	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	39.79	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	38.81	silver quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	37.20	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	36.48	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	36.47	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	36.16	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	35.49	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	35.18	silver quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	34.30	silver quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	33.86	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	33.38	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	32.55	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	32.15	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	31.74	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	31.30	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	31.06	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	31.03	silver quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	30.93	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	30.91	silver quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	30.61	silver quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	29.87	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	29.47	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	29.04	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	28.56	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	28.36	silver quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	28.30	silver quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	27.57	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	2.12

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

10 targeting GSTA5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6835-3P	99.93	70.49	2904
HSA-MIR-6843-3P	99.26	66.42	915
HSA-MIR-6878-3P	99.24	64.23	920
HSA-MIR-1183	98.75	67.10	1116
HSA-MIR-216B-3P	98.55	67.19	1223
HSA-MIR-4684-3P	98.24	69.91	1075
HSA-MIR-4799-3P	97.78	65.97	893
HSA-MIR-4720-5P	97.46	65.67	893
HSA-MIR-5588-5P	97.46	65.70	913
HSA-MIR-5579-3P	97.00	68.81	1111

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• Data show that hGSTA5 can be processed to a mature mRNA which is translation-competent, producing a catalytically active enzyme. (PMID:19664689)
• We observed suggestive associations between survival and GSTT1 copy number and GSTA5, GSTM4, and ABCC4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (PMID:20200426)

Cross-species orthologs

44 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gstp1.1	ENSDARG00000103019
mus_musculus	Gsta3	ENSMUSG00000025934
rattus_norvegicus	Gsta1	ENSRNOG00000013484
rattus_norvegicus	Gsta3	ENSRNOG00000056847
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001749
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001750
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001751
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001752
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001753
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001754
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001755
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001756
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001757
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001758
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001759
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001760
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001761
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001762
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001764
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001765
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001766
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001767
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001769
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001770
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001771
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001772
caenorhabditis_elegans	gst-25	WBGENE00001773
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001774
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001775
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001776
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001777
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001779
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001780
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001781
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001782
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001783
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001785
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001786
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001787
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001789
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018911
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018912
caenorhabditis_elegans	W10C8.4	WBGENE00021127
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00021566

Paralogs (11): GSTP1 (ENSG00000084207), GSTM1 (ENSG00000134184), GSTM5 (ENSG00000134201), GSTM3 (ENSG00000134202), HPGDS (ENSG00000163106), GSTM4 (ENSG00000168765), GSTA4 (ENSG00000170899), GSTA3 (ENSG00000174156), GSTM2 (ENSG00000213366), GSTA1 (ENSG00000243955), GSTA2 (ENSG00000244067)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glutathione S-transferase A5 — Q7RTV2 (reviewed: Q7RTV2)

Alternative names: GST class-alpha member 5, Glutathione S-transferase A5-5

All UniProt accessions (2): A0AAA9YHN5, Q7RTV2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Expression not detected.

Similarity. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Alpha family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_714543* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003080	GST_alpha	Family
IPR004045	Glutathione_S-Trfase_N	Domain
IPR004046	GST_C	Domain
IPR010987	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C-like	Domain
IPR036249	Thioredoxin-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036282	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR040079	Glutathione_S-Trfase	Family
IPR050213	GST_superfamily	Family

Pfam: PF00043, PF02798

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.5.1.18 — glutathione transferase (BRENDA: 178 organisms, 548 substrates, 680 inhibitors, 878 Km, 525 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

79 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE	0.0003–223.6	289
GLUTATHIONE	0.0002–532.43	253
GSH	0.0003–37.4	62
REDUCED GLUTATHIONE	0.017–11.4	24
ETHACRYNIC ACID	0.0001–2.43	19
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE	0.038–14.3	10
(+)-2-BROMO-3-(4-NITROPHENYL)PROPANOIC ACID	0.023–0.417	8
MONOCHLOROBIMANE	0.004–0.25	8
4-CHLORO-7-NITROBENZO-2-OXA-1,3-DIAZOLE	0.324–3.866	7
1-IODOHEXANE	0.009–0.059	6
ALACHLOR	0.042–7.23	6
PHENETHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE	0.0065–0.14	6
STYRENE 7,8-OXIDE	0.064–0.365	6
1,2-DICHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE	0.27–1.4	5
1-CHLORO-2,3-DINITROBENZOATE	0.21–20.7	5

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+) (RHEA:16437)

UniProt features (11 total): binding site 4, domain 2, modified residue 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q7RTV2-F1	97.33	0.99

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 9; 45; 54–55; 67–68

Post-translational modifications (2): 2, 4

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-156590	Glutathione conjugation

MSigDB gene sets: 56 (showing top): REACTOME_BIOLOGICAL_OXIDATIONS, GOMF_GLUTATHIONE_TRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY, chr6p12, GOBP_AMIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, REACTOME_GLUTATHIONE_CONJUGATION, GOBP_GLUTATHIONE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MODIFIED_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, KEGG_METABOLISM_OF_XENOBIOTICS_BY_CYTOCHROME_P450, KEGG_GLUTATHIONE_METABOLISM, REACTOME_PHASE_II_CONJUGATION_OF_COMPOUNDS, HSF1_01, FEVR_CTNNB1_TARGETS_UP, NFE2L2.V2, GSE10239_KLRG1INT_VS_KLRG1HIGH_EFF_CD8_TCELL_UP, MIR4684_3P

GO Biological Process (2): glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749), xenobiotic metabolic process (GO:0006805)

GO Molecular Function (3): glutathione transferase activity (GO:0004364), protein binding (GO:0005515), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytosol (GO:0005829), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
modified amino acid metabolic process	1
sulfur compound metabolic process	1
metabolic process	1
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	1
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
cytoplasm	1
extracellular vesicle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

564 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GSTA5	SLCO6A1	Q86UG4	725
GSTA5	GSTO1	P78417	520
GSTA5	CILK1	Q9UPZ9	511
GSTA5	GSTM5	P46439	499
GSTA5	AKR7A3	O95154	479
GSTA5	GSTM1	P09488	465
GSTA5	GSTT2B	P0CG30	464
GSTA5	GSTO2	Q9H4Y5	464
GSTA5	GSTP1	P09211	458
GSTA5	MGST2	Q99735	429
GSTA5	AKR7A2	O43488	420
GSTA5	SLC23A3	Q6PIS1	420
GSTA5	GCLC	P48506	419
GSTA5	GSTZ1	O43708	418
GSTA5	UGT1A6	P19224	377

IntAct

14 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GSTA2	GSTA4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.920
GSTA2	GSTA5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.740
GSTA5	TEX9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GSTA5	EIF3M	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.500
MAPT	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GSTA5	EIF3F	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GSTA5	TEX9	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GSTA2	GSTA5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (19): GSTA5 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA5 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA5 (Proximity Label-MS), GSTA5 (Two-hybrid), GSTA2 (Two-hybrid), ANKRD52 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA4 (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF3F (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA5 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF3M (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTA5 (Proximity Label-MS), GSTA5 (Proximity Label-MS), GSTA5 (Proximity Label-MS), GSTA5 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1U8QXK4, A0A1U9YI21, B5BP46, C8VQ63, F4IA73, O15217, O74830, P08263, P09210, P30102, P32111, P34277, P34345, P42936, P43387, P46417, P46421, P46429, P49332, P50471, Q00717, Q2UPB2, Q4WB03, Q54VI4, Q55FF3, Q5E9G0, Q5M883, Q6AXY0, Q6NLB0, Q6NMS0, Q6Q882, Q7RTV2, Q86AU1, Q9CA57, Q9CAS6, Q9FUS6, Q9FUS9, Q9FUT0, Q9FUT1, Q9LQ48

Diamond homologs: O15217, O18879, O73888, P00502, P04903, P04904, P04906, P08263, P09210, P09211, P10648, P13745, P14942, P19157, P24472, P26624, P26697, P30115, P35661, P46088, P46418, P46424, P46425, P47954, P51781, P80031, P80894, P81706, P81942, Q08392, Q08393, Q08862, Q08863, Q16772, Q28035, Q28514, Q54YN2, Q556G3, Q5E9G0, Q5R8R5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

33 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	30
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

584 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:52834136:CTTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52834137:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:52834138:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:52834139:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52834140:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52834140:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52834140:CTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52834140:CTTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52834140:CTTTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52834221:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52834278:CAATC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52834279:AATC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52834280:ATC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52834281:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52834281:TCC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:52834282:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52834283:C:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:52834283:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52834284:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:52836235:CAGGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52836245:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52836258:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52836366:CATCT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52836370:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52836370:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:52840722:CCTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:52840724:TACCT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:52840726:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:52832902:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9900
6:52832989:ACCT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1475 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:52831926:A:C	F197L	0.958
6:52831926:A:T	F197L	0.958
6:52831928:A:G	F197L	0.958
6:52836352:G:C	F52L	0.953
6:52836352:G:T	F52L	0.953
6:52836354:A:G	F52L	0.953
6:52840753:A:G	W21R	0.926
6:52840753:A:T	W21R	0.926
6:52832943:G:C	S154R	0.905
6:52832943:G:T	S154R	0.905
6:52832945:T:G	S154R	0.905
6:52836281:G:T	A76D	0.904
6:52831905:T:A	R204S	0.902
6:52831905:T:G	R204S	0.902
6:52834147:A:C	F136L	0.896
6:52834147:A:T	F136L	0.896
6:52834149:A:G	F136L	0.896
6:52832871:G:C	F178L	0.888
6:52832871:G:T	F178L	0.888
6:52832873:A:G	F178L	0.888
6:52832926:A:G	L160P	0.857
6:52840755:C:G	R20P	0.856
6:52832936:C:G	D157H	0.853
6:52836307:C:A	Q67H	0.847
6:52836307:C:G	Q67H	0.847
6:52831966:A:G	L184P	0.846
6:52836354:A:C	F52V	0.842
6:52831927:A:G	F197S	0.841
6:52836353:A:G	F52S	0.841
6:52836335:A:T	V58D	0.836

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000346022 (6:52842207 A>G), RS1000450229 (6:52836859 C>T), RS1000551504 (6:52837125 A>C,G), RS1001114666 (6:52839021 C>A,T), RS1001168805 (6:52839278 CTGGA>C), RS1001439097 (6:52833834 C>A,T), RS1002748250 (6:52846140 A>G), RS1003011119 (6:52835253 C>T), RS1003536746 (6:52835004 T>G), RS1003688084 (6:52844785 C>T), RS1003959307 (6:52832550 A>G), RS1003990476 (6:52832786 G>T), RS1004145282 (6:52844953 TTATC>T), RS1004482964 (6:52841900 A>G), RS1004531834 (6:52842097 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607605 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST005991_88	Platelet count	8.000000e-09
GCST010083_310	Hemoglobin levels	1.000000e-20
GCST011816_5	Vitamin C levels	2.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004309	platelet count
EFO:0004509	hemoglobin measurement
EFO:0600003	vitamin C measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs4715354	GSTA5		0.00	0

CTD chemical–gene interactions

20 total (human), top 20 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression, increases methylation	2
perfluorodecanesulfonic acid	increases expression	1
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	1
pentanal	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
azaspiracid	decreases expression	1
Panobinostat	affects expression, affects cotreatment	1
Aldehydes	decreases expression	1
Cisplatin	affects cotreatment, affects expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Phenobarbital	decreases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1
Vitamin K 3	affects expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.