GSTCD

Summary

GSTCD (glutathione S-transferase C-terminal domain containing, HGNC:25806) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q24, encoding Glutathione S-transferase C-terminal domain-containing protein (Q8NEC7).

Predicted to act upstream of or within respiratory system development and response to lipopolysaccharide. Located in cytoplasm.

Source: NCBI Gene 79807 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 19
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 89 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001370181

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:25806
Approved symbol	GSTCD
Name	glutathione S-transferase C-terminal domain containing
Location	4q24
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ13273
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000138780
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	615912
Entrez	79807

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 23 — 20 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000360505, ENST00000394728, ENST00000394730, ENST00000484843, ENST00000503409, ENST00000507281, ENST00000509336, ENST00000510865, ENST00000512828, ENST00000515255, ENST00000515279, ENST00000852896, ENST00000852897, ENST00000914536, ENST00000914537, ENST00000914538, ENST00000914539, ENST00000914540, ENST00000914541, ENST00000914542, ENST00000950728, ENST00000950729, ENST00000950730

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_001370181 NM_001031720, NM_001370181, NM_024751

CCDS: CCDS3672, CCDS43257

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000515279 — 12 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001519388	105708784	105709016
ENSE00001956081	105845441	105847725
ENSE00003490362	105837859	105837889
ENSE00003510556	105726579	105726830
ENSE00003528334	105834461	105834594
ENSE00003551145	105717593	105718039
ENSE00003563293	105822954	105823069
ENSE00003589682	105719060	105719527
ENSE00003589722	105729406	105729499
ENSE00003624493	105823231	105823275
ENSE00003646615	105842065	105842134
ENSE00003655038	105825672	105825800

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 232 present calls, max score 93.09.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 9.9062 / max 198.4478, expressed in 1744 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
49149	9.0964	1714
49150	0.6322	361
49151	0.1703	68
49152	0.0074	3

Top tissues by expression

271 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sperm	CL:0000019	93.09	gold quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	91.25	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	89.37	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	88.49	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	81.33	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	79.75	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	79.57	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	78.66	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	77.86	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	77.75	silver quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	77.41	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	75.94	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	75.87	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	75.55	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	75.09	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	74.91	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	74.49	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	74.40	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	74.32	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	74.26	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	74.12	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	73.86	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	73.85	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	73.26	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	72.77	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	72.19	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	71.80	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	71.33	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	71.30	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	71.25	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.42
E-MTAB-6058	no	127.33

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

109 targeting GSTCD, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-103A-3P	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-107	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-559	99.95	72.28	3609
HSA-MIR-548AB	99.95	71.31	3488
HSA-MIR-548A-5P	99.94	71.27	3482
HSA-MIR-548AD-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AE-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AK	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AM-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AP-5P	99.94	71.14	3489
HSA-MIR-548AQ-5P	99.94	71.34	3426
HSA-MIR-548AR-5P	99.94	71.28	3515
HSA-MIR-548AS-5P	99.94	71.22	3482
HSA-MIR-548AU-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AY-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548B-5P	99.94	71.23	3502

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• Data show expression of TNS1, GSTCD, AGER, HTR4 and THSD4 in lung tissue and indicate potential targets for interventions to alleviate respiratory disease. (PMID:20010834)
• GSTCD polymorphism associated with COPD risk and lung function decline (PMID:21965014)
• In fixed sections of human lung tissue, GSTCD protein expression was ubiquitous, whereas INTS12 expression was predominantly in epithelial cells and pneumocytes. (PMID:24058608)
• Air pollution exposure entails an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, and this risk differed over genotype strata for variants in the GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTCD genes, albeit not statistically-significantly. (PMID:24915237)
• Targeted knock-down of GSTCD in bronchial epithelial cells identified a role for GSTCD in cell viability. (PMID:31370853)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gstcd	ENSDARG00000036494
mus_musculus	Gstcd	ENSMUSG00000028018
rattus_norvegicus	Gstcd	ENSRNOG00000011669
drosophila_melanogaster	CG10428	FBGN0032724

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glutathione S-transferase C-terminal domain-containing protein — Q8NEC7 (reviewed: Q8NEC7)

All UniProt accessions (5): D6R949, D6R9W2, D6RCC4, D6RCC9, Q8NEC7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed in cell types relevant to airway function, including airway smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells.

Similarity. Belongs to the GSTCD family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8NEC7-1	1	yes
Q8NEC7-3	2

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001026890, NP_001357110, NP_079027 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR010987	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C-like	Domain
IPR025714	Methyltranfer_dom	Domain
IPR029063	SAM-dependent_MTases_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036282	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF13679

UniProt features (11 total): sequence conflict 5, chain 1, domain 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, modified residue 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8NEC7-F1	84.44	0.65

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 233

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 195 (showing top): chr4q24, CREBP1_Q2, WANG_LMO4_TARGETS_DN, BRN2_01, E4F1_Q6, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_LIPID, FISCHER_DREAM_TARGETS, GOBP_RESPIRATORY_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, ACEVEDO_METHYLATED_IN_LIVER_CANCER_DN, TAANNYSGCG_UNKNOWN, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_MOLECULE_OF_BACTERIAL_ORIGIN, MARSON_BOUND_BY_FOXP3_STIMULATED, MARSON_BOUND_BY_E2F4_UNSTIMULATED, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_BACTERIUM

GO Biological Process (3): response to lipopolysaccharide (GO:0032496), respiratory system development (GO:0060541), biological_process (GO:0008150)

GO Molecular Function (2): molecular_function (GO:0003674), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
response to molecule of bacterial origin	1
response to lipid	1
response to oxygen-containing compound	1
system development	1
binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1312 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GSTCD	INTS12	Q96CB8	766
GSTCD	FAM13A	O94988	706
GSTCD	THSD4	Q6ZMP0	703
GSTCD	NPNT	Q6UXI9	667
GSTCD	HHIP	Q96QV1	631
GSTCD	MRPS28	Q9Y2Q9	614
GSTCD	PPT2	Q9UMR5	598
GSTCD	ADAM19	Q9H013	584
GSTCD	TNS1	Q9HBL0	583
GSTCD	PID1	Q7Z2X4	576
GSTCD	ARHGEF38	Q9NXL2	544
GSTCD	ADGRG6	Q86SQ4	523
GSTCD	SPATA9	Q9BWV2	507
GSTCD	CCDC150	Q8NCX0	507
GSTCD	LRMDA	Q9H2I8	507

IntAct

34 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PHF19	EED	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
PLA2G10	CHEK1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FZD10	NRP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GSTCD	KDM1A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.510
GSTCD	PRMT6	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.510
PRMT6	GSTCD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.510
TNS4	GSTCD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.490
STAT3	GSTCD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.490
GSTCD	DAPP1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.490
DAPP1	GSTCD	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.490
GSTCD	TNS4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.490
GSTCD	CLNK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
GSTCD	SUV39H2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
Xpo1	IFT56	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
C5AR2	ILVBL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PHF19	EED	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IMMP2L	ANKHD1-EIF4EBP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
rep	CNK3/IPCEF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MMP14	TMEM120B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GPRC5D	FAM234B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BMP7	VWA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KLRC4	RAP1BL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
C5AR2	UBXN8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
IFT20	EXOC5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FZD10	TNPO2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (51): GSTCD (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTCD (Two-hybrid), GSTCD (Two-hybrid), GSTCD (Two-hybrid), GSTCD (Two-hybrid), GSTCD (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTCD (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTCD (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTCD (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTCD (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTCD (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTCD (Affinity Capture-RNA), GSTCD (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTCD (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTCD (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0AUR5, A0JNG7, A2VE39, A5PKL6, A8MYZ0, B0BM95, B0V3H4, B5DG51, D2HRF1, O02697, P48736, P60670, Q0IIH8, Q4KLT3, Q4R4D7, Q4R528, Q4R6Y8, Q4R760, Q4V8W7, Q5R981, Q5RBW9, Q5RL51, Q5U2Z5, Q5XH30, Q68EP9, Q6NX27, Q7ZYP6, Q803A6, Q803R5, Q80V94, Q811C2, Q8CD92, Q8CDM8, Q8K4M9, Q8N1G2, Q8NEC7, Q8R3N6, Q8TAT6, Q8VDY4, Q91WR3

Diamond homologs: A5PKL6, Q29LT4, Q4R6Y8, Q5RL51, Q6DDT5, Q8NEC7, Q9VJ34, A1W208, Q1QSC0, Q8KAK0

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

89 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	72
Likely benign	3
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2606 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
4:105714458:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105717680:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105717684:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105717710:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105726825:T:G	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105823015:G:GA	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105823062:GCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105825798:GGA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105825799:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105825799:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105825801:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105837857:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:105837858:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:105842127:GCTCA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
4:105842135:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
4:105842136:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
4:105709014:CAGGT:C	donor_loss	0.9900
4:105709015:AGG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
4:105709016:GGTAA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
4:105709017:GTAA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
4:105709018:T:A	donor_loss	0.9900
4:105717250:A:AG	donor_gain	0.9900
4:105717251:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
4:105717588:TTTAG:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
4:105717591:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:105717592:G:GC	acceptor_loss	0.9900
4:105717592:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
4:105719055:TGTA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
4:105719056:GTA:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
4:105719057:TAGGT:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000000969 (4:105846457 T>C), RS1000012156 (4:105798340 T>A), RS10000340 (4:105842521 T>C), RS1000049044 (4:105847270 A>T), RS1000059387 (4:105746079 C>T), RS1000091929 (4:105746516 A>G), RS1000101240 (4:105769384 C>A), RS1000106053 (4:105726416 A>T), RS1000115235 (4:105846095 G>A,T), RS1000126971 (4:105791411 A>G,T), RS1000149440 (4:105839079 C>G), RS1000169300 (4:105838622 A>G), RS1000217850 (4:105737720 C>G), RS1000248498 (4:105791722 G>A), RS1000254294 (4:105798025 C>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:615912 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

19 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000542_6	Pulmonary function	5.000000e-17
GCST000544_2	Pulmonary function	2.000000e-23
GCST001784_49	Pulmonary function (smoking interaction)	1.000000e-16
GCST002165_9	Lung function (FEV1)	1.000000e-07
GCST002938_37	Copper levels	7.000000e-06
GCST003262_458	Post bronchodilator FEV1	3.000000e-06
GCST003262_856	Post bronchodilator FEV1	4.000000e-06
GCST003262_894	Post bronchodilator FEV1	5.000000e-06
GCST004147_1	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	4.000000e-14
GCST004183_30	Lung function (FEV1)	4.000000e-08
GCST004184_20	Lung function (FVC)	8.000000e-06
GCST007429_5	Lung function (FVC)	2.000000e-32
GCST007430_101	Peak expiratory flow	1.000000e-08
GCST007431_93	Lung function (FEV1/FVC)	2.000000e-23
GCST007432_130	FEV1	2.000000e-54
GCST008662_4	Lung function in never smokers (low FEV1 vs high FEV1)	2.000000e-11
GCST009798_66	Asthma	4.000000e-09
GCST011109_1	Psoriasis	6.000000e-12
GCST012033_9	Sleep (1/3-day periodicity)	4.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0003892	pulmonary function measurement
EFO:0004314	forced expiratory volume
EFO:0004312	vital capacity
EFO:0009718	peak expiratory flow
EFO:0004713	FEV/FVC ratio

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

20 total (human), top 20 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, decreases methylation	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
potassium perchlorate	increases expression	1
ochratoxin A	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Bortezomib	decreases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
Biological Factors	decreases expression	1
Cisplatin	increases expression	1
Cytarabine	increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Enzyme Inhibitors	decreases activity, increases O-linked glycosylation	1
Formaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.