GSTM5

Summary

GSTM5 (glutathione S-transferase mu 5, HGNC:4637) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1p13.3, encoding Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (P46439). Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.

Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual’s susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Diversification of these genes has occurred in regions encoding substrate-binding domains, as well as in tissue expression patterns, to accommodate an increasing number of foreign compounds.

Source: NCBI Gene 2949 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 43 total
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_000851

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:4637
Approved symbol	GSTM5
Name	glutathione S-transferase mu 5
Location	1p13.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000134201
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	138385
Entrez	2949

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 17 — 13 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000256593, ENST00000369812, ENST00000369813, ENST00000429410, ENST00000483153, ENST00000492718, ENST00000647711, ENST00000648974, ENST00000878688, ENST00000878689, ENST00000878690, ENST00000878691, ENST00000966870, ENST00000966871, ENST00000966872, ENST00000966873, ENST00000966874

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_000851 NM_000851

CCDS: CCDS811

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000256593 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000826835	109717337	109718268
ENSE00001759229	109713484	109713565
ENSE00001952301	109712251	109712348
ENSE00003503414	109715130	109715240
ENSE00003506812	109714947	109715042
ENSE00003570297	109713119	109713183
ENSE00003612986	109713661	109713761
ENSE00003676725	109712618	109712693

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 210 present calls, max score 97.36.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 4.6475 / max 159.4020, expressed in 500 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
4447	3.0834	477
4448	1.5640	354

Top tissues by expression

279 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	97.36	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	96.96	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	93.44	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	93.13	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	92.79	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	92.41	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	91.89	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	91.83	gold quality
cranial nerve II	UBERON:0000941	91.21	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	91.02	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	90.93	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	90.73	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	90.10	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	89.85	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	89.53	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	89.37	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	89.32	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	88.93	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	88.68	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	88.64	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	87.89	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	87.89	silver quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	87.71	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	87.39	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	87.30	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	87.25	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	86.95	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	86.93	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	86.75	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	86.73	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-84465	yes	11.31
E-ANND-3	yes	11.12

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

35 targeting GSTM5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-4534	99.99	66.58	1907
HSA-MIR-4725-3P	99.96	69.53	2520
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P	99.96	69.60	2562
HSA-MIR-2110	99.96	66.68	1930
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-4271	99.88	68.32	2244
HSA-MIR-5004-5P	99.68	66.63	1294
HSA-MIR-6132	99.60	65.83	1554
HSA-MIR-6836-5P	99.60	65.62	1538
HSA-MIR-671-5P	99.52	67.11	1277
HSA-MIR-4441	99.49	66.56	3216
HSA-MIR-1224-5P	99.48	65.59	803
HSA-MIR-3915	99.45	68.49	1905
HSA-MIR-1276	99.36	68.18	1642
HSA-MIR-1253	99.12	67.08	1688
HSA-MIR-4270	99.02	66.26	1987
HSA-MIR-5000-3P	98.79	65.63	1251
HSA-MIR-5197-3P	98.71	67.05	1905
HSA-MIR-6754-5P	98.60	65.54	1627
HSA-MIR-3138	98.41	67.53	744
HSA-MIR-6757-5P	98.08	65.50	724
HSA-MIR-4736	97.96	65.89	1287
HSA-MIR-7154-3P	97.65	65.02	985
HSA-MIR-3928-3P	97.61	66.53	1096
HSA-MIR-12128	96.67	66.98	1471
HSA-MIR-6726-5P	95.97	63.72	841
HSA-MIR-920	95.97	63.95	811
HSA-MIR-4300	95.85	64.56	1003

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• The evidence presented suggests that GSTM1 and GSTM5 undergo epigenetic repression in AMD RPE/choroid, which may increase susceptibility to oxidative stress in AMD retinas. (PMID:22410570)
• Genomic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTM5 do not significantly affect the peripheral blood leukocyte mRNA levels. (PMID:25897651)
• Anti-Cancer Effects and Tumor Marker Role of Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 5 in Human Bladder Cancer. (PMID:33802702)
• Aberrant expression of GSTM5 in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with DNA hypermethylation and poor prognosis. (PMID:35729618)

Cross-species orthologs

41 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gstp1.1	ENSDARG00000103019
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001749
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001750
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001751
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001752
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001753
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001754
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001755
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001756
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001757
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001758
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001759
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001760
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001761
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001762
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001764
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001765
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001766
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001767
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001769
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001770
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001771
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001772
caenorhabditis_elegans	gst-25	WBGENE00001773
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001774
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001775
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001776
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001777
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001779
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001780
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001781
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001782
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001783
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001785
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001786
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001787
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001789
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018911
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00018912
caenorhabditis_elegans	W10C8.4	WBGENE00021127
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00021566

Paralogs (11): GSTP1 (ENSG00000084207), GSTM1 (ENSG00000134184), GSTM3 (ENSG00000134202), HPGDS (ENSG00000163106), GSTM4 (ENSG00000168765), GSTA4 (ENSG00000170899), GSTA3 (ENSG00000174156), GSTA5 (ENSG00000182793), GSTM2 (ENSG00000213366), GSTA1 (ENSG00000243955), GSTA2 (ENSG00000244067)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 — P46439 (reviewed: P46439)

Alternative names: GST class-mu 5, GSTM5-5

All UniProt accessions (5): A0A3B3IRM5, A0A3B3IU61, P46439, Q5T8R1, Q5T8R2

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Similarity. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_000842* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003081	GST_mu	Family
IPR004045	Glutathione_S-Trfase_N	Domain
IPR004046	GST_C	Domain
IPR010987	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C-like	Domain
IPR036249	Thioredoxin-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036282	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR040079	Glutathione_S-Trfase	Family
IPR050213	GST_superfamily	Family

Pfam: PF00043, PF02798

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.5.1.18 — glutathione transferase (BRENDA: 178 organisms, 548 substrates, 680 inhibitors, 878 Km, 525 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

79 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE	0.0003–223.6	289
GLUTATHIONE	0.0002–532.43	253
GSH	0.0003–37.4	62
REDUCED GLUTATHIONE	0.017–11.4	24
ETHACRYNIC ACID	0.0001–2.43	19
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE	0.038–14.3	10
(+)-2-BROMO-3-(4-NITROPHENYL)PROPANOIC ACID	0.023–0.417	8
MONOCHLOROBIMANE	0.004–0.25	8
4-CHLORO-7-NITROBENZO-2-OXA-1,3-DIAZOLE	0.324–3.866	7
1-IODOHEXANE	0.009–0.059	6
ALACHLOR	0.042–7.23	6
PHENETHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE	0.0065–0.14	6
STYRENE 7,8-OXIDE	0.064–0.365	6
1,2-DICHLORO-4-NITROBENZENE	0.27–1.4	5
1-CHLORO-2,3-DINITROBENZOATE	0.21–20.7	5

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+) (RHEA:16437)

UniProt features (11 total): binding site 5, domain 2, sequence variant 2, chain 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P46439-F1	97.37	0.97

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (5): 7–8; 46–50; 59–60; 72–73; 116

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-156590	Glutathione conjugation

MSigDB gene sets: 170 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_MCMV_INFECTION_DN, REACTOME_BIOLOGICAL_OXIDATIONS, CHIARADONNA_NEOPLASTIC_TRANSFORMATION_KRAS_DN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, DARWICHE_PAPILLOMA_PROGRESSION_RISK, CHANDRAN_METASTASIS_DN, GOMF_GLUTATHIONE_TRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY, KOKKINAKIS_METHIONINE_DEPRIVATION_96HR_UP, JOHANSSON_BRAIN_CANCER_EARLY_VS_LATE_DN, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, GOBP_AMIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, HESS_TARGETS_OF_HOXA9_AND_MEIS1_UP, ICHIBA_GRAFT_VERSUS_HOST_DISEASE_35D_DN, GOTZMANN_EPITHELIAL_TO_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION_DN

GO Biological Process (1): glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749)

GO Molecular Function (4): glutathione transferase activity (GO:0004364), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein binding (GO:0005515), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (2): cytosol (GO:0005829), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
modified amino acid metabolic process	1
sulfur compound metabolic process	1
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups	1
protein binding	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

832 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GSTM5	AP5M1	Q9H0R1	887
GSTM5	GSTZ1	O43708	863
GSTM5	GSTT2B	P0CG30	622
GSTM5	SLCO6A1	Q86UG4	618
GSTM5	GSTO1	P78417	543
GSTM5	GSTO2	Q9H4Y5	507
GSTM5	GSTA3	Q16772	504
GSTM5	GSTA5	Q7RTV2	499
GSTM5	GSTA1	P08263	498
GSTM5	GSTA2	P09210	474
GSTM5	GSTA4	O15217	473
GSTM5	GSTT4	A0A1W2PR19	444
GSTM5	TP53	P04637	443
GSTM5	GSTK1	Q9Y2Q3	443
GSTM5	EIF2AK2	P19525	427

IntAct

55 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GSTM5	GSTM3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.830
GSTM3	GSTM5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.830
GSTM5	GSTM3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.830
GSTM2	GSTM5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.740
GSTM5	GSTM5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
AMOTL2	GSTM5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
GSTM5	AMOTL2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
GSTM5	GSTM4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
ERLIN2	HSPA5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
GSTM3	GSTM5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GSTM5	AMOTL2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GSTM5	GSTM3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
AMOTL2	GSTM5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GSTM5	GPKOW	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GSTM2	GSTM3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PPP1CC	ATP5F1B	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
MAPT	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (33): GSTM5 (Two-hybrid), GSTM5 (Two-hybrid), AMOTL2 (Two-hybrid), GSTM5 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTM5 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTM3 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTM4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ARFGAP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTM5 (Two-hybrid), GSTM5 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTM4 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTM3 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTM5 (Affinity Capture-MS), ARFGAP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTM5 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1W2PR19, A6QQZ0, O09131, O65857, O76483, O88741, P09488, P0CG29, P0CG30, P21266, P28161, P28342, P30109, P30568, P30713, P42760, P46409, P46430, P46439, P46440, P48774, P57108, P78417, Q01579, Q03013, Q03425, Q03662, Q4V8E6, Q5BK56, Q5R8E8, Q61133, Q64471, Q84TK0, Q8R5I6, Q8TB36, Q9BEA9, Q9BEB0, Q9C6C8, Q9D4P7, Q9FE46

Diamond homologs: M1RIR6, O35543, O35660, P00502, P04905, P08009, P08010, P08515, P09488, P10649, P15626, P15964, P16413, P19639, P20136, P21266, P28161, P30112, P30116, P31670, P31671, P35661, P46409, P46419, P46427, P46436, P46439, P48774, P51781, P56598, P86214, Q00285, Q03013, Q5BK56, Q5R8E8, Q80W21, Q8JFZ2, Q8R5I6, Q9BEA9, Q9BEB0

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

43 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	29
Likely benign	4
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

5045 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:109712344:GTGGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:109712346:GGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:109712347:GGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:109713482:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:109713483:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:109713561:CCTGT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
1:109713562:CTGT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
1:109713564:GT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:109713566:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
1:109713566:GTGA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:109713567:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:109713568:G:GG	donor_loss	1.0000
1:109713569:AGTG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
1:109713651:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:109713652:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:109713659:A:AT	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:109713660:GGT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:109713903:AC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:109714000:GTTT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:109714004:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
1:109737564:TGAG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:109737568:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:109737650:TCCTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
1:109737653:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
1:109737654:A:AG	donor_loss	1.0000
1:109737655:CC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
1:109737748:TTTC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:109737749:TTCCT:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:109737750:TCCTG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:109737751:CCTG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1445 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:109713142:T:A	W46R	0.988
1:109713142:T:C	W46R	0.988
1:109715145:T:C	F158L	0.978
1:109715147:C:A	F158L	0.978
1:109715147:C:G	F158L	0.978
1:109712336:G:C	W8C	0.977
1:109712336:G:T	W8C	0.977
1:109712334:T:A	W8R	0.976
1:109712334:T:C	W8R	0.976
1:109715142:G:C	D157H	0.973
1:109713175:T:C	F57L	0.972
1:109713177:T:A	F57L	0.972
1:109713177:T:G	F57L	0.972
1:109713548:C:A	A81D	0.972
1:109713144:G:C	W46C	0.971
1:109713144:G:T	W46C	0.971
1:109713551:G:C	R82P	0.970
1:109712331:T:C	Y7H	0.968
1:109713143:G:C	W46S	0.967
1:109713485:T:C	L60P	0.967
1:109713487:C:T	P61S	0.967
1:109713523:A:C	S73R	0.966
1:109713525:C:A	S73R	0.966
1:109713525:C:G	S73R	0.966
1:109715007:T:C	F141L	0.966
1:109715009:T:A	F141L	0.966
1:109715009:T:G	F141L	0.966
1:109713539:G:C	R78P	0.965
1:109713494:T:C	L63S	0.963
1:109713485:T:A	L60Q	0.962

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000705435 (1:109712157 C>A,G,T), RS1001380103 (1:109714062 C>CA), RS1001897857 (1:109718080 C>T), RS1002383375 (1:109717588 T>A), RS1002786945 (1:109712969 T>A,C), RS1002882407 (1:109710345 A>G), RS1004790101 (1:109713737 C>A,T), RS1005200422 (1:109716074 G>A), RS1005461736 (1:109715917 C>T), RS1006327908 (1:109710296 A>C,G), RS1006716736 (1:109709918 T>C), RS1007000872 (1:109712804 G>A,C), RS1008032605 (1:109714886 G>A), RS1008127952 (1:109709792 G>A), RS1008651871 (1:109716683 C>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:138385 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST010241_395	Apolipoprotein A1 levels	9.000000e-11
GCST010242_455	HDL cholesterol levels	7.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004614	apolipoprotein A 1 measurement
EFO:0004612	high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2819 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs3754446	GSTM1, GSTM5	3	0.00	1	busulfan

CTD chemical–gene interactions

24 total (human), top 24 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
apocarotenal	increases expression	1
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate	decreases expression	1
terbufos	increases methylation	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
aflatoxin B2	increases methylation	1
4-aminophenylarsenoxide	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
licochalcone B	increases expression	1
Dasatinib	increases expression	1
Decitabine	affects expression, affects methylation	1
Arsenic Trioxide	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	1
Cadmium	decreases expression	1
Catechin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Fonofos	increases methylation	1
Nickel	decreases expression	1
Parathion	increases methylation	1
Quercetin	increases expression	1
Sarin	increases expression	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	affects expression	1
Vitamin E	increases expression	1
Paclitaxel	decreases response to substance	1
beta Carotene	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1743231	ADMET	Substrates for human cytosolic glutathione transferase GSTM5	Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons, 7th edition

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.