GSTO2

Summary

GSTO2 (glutathione S-transferase omega 2, HGNC:23064) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q25.1, encoding Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (Q9H4Y5). Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase activity.

The protein encoded by this gene is an omega class glutathione S-transferase (GST). GSTs are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and carcinogens. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 119391 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 37 total
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_183239

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:23064
Approved symbol	GSTO2
Name	glutathione S-transferase omega 2
Location	10q25.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000065621
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	612314
Entrez	119391

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 6 protein_coding, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000338595, ENST00000369707, ENST00000450629, ENST00000467629, ENST00000473401, ENST00000477078, ENST00000498052, ENST00000912037, ENST00000912038, ENST00000912039

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_183239 NM_001191013, NM_001191014, NM_001191015, NM_183239

CCDS: CCDS53574, CCDS53575, CCDS7556

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000338595 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001388955	104274685	104274949
ENSE00001601180	104275226	104275334
ENSE00003327182	104269184	104269269
ENSE00003632446	104299128	104304950
ENSE00003654920	104297578	104297684
ENSE00003666141	104277894	104278116
ENSE00003674529	104279370	104279471

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 215 present calls, max score 93.05.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 11.8268 / max 136.3565, expressed in 1278 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
106883	6.5846	1005
106882	3.9498	766
106880	1.1455	711
106881	0.0781	21
106879	0.0446	3
106878	0.0242	9

Top tissues by expression

247 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	93.05	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	92.41	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	91.37	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	91.29	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	91.26	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	91.22	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	91.11	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	91.04	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	90.59	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	90.49	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	90.18	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	89.98	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	88.69	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	88.20	silver quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	87.91	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	87.44	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	87.33	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	86.98	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	86.27	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	86.11	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	85.99	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	85.73	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	85.54	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	85.17	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	85.00	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	84.95	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	84.85	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	84.57	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	84.26	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	84.14	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	8.36

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

12 targeting GSTO2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-335-3P	99.93	73.36	4958
HSA-MIR-4731-5P	99.89	67.23	2537
HSA-MIR-7152-5P	99.60	69.33	2094
HSA-MIR-4651	99.06	67.57	2002
HSA-MIR-608	98.93	67.83	2013
HSA-MIR-218-1-3P	98.63	67.97	832
HSA-MIR-4700-5P	98.63	67.43	1915
HSA-MIR-8089	97.74	66.21	1698
HSA-MIR-4667-5P	97.61	66.67	1683
HSA-MIR-4471	95.11	66.84	755
HSA-MIR-8059	95.11	66.30	646
HSA-MIR-2277-3P	91.94	62.27	299

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Our results do not confirm an association between PD and frequency of the polymorphisms investigated: hGSTO1*A140D, & hGSTO1*E155del. (PMID:15159516)
• no association either with age-at-onset in AD cases or with disease risk in the case-control cohort but haplotype analysis revealed a modest association of one haplotype with AD risk (p = 0.04) (PMID:15917099)
• molecular cloning; GSTO2 was ubiquitously expressed at a low level, with a higher expression in pancreas and prostate (PMID:15942673)
• a glutathione S-transferase omega 2 gene polymorphism may havea role in ovarian cancer (PMID:16761626)
• Differences in expression at the protein level of the major splice variant of GSTO2 suggests that this enzyme is less active in human cells compared with chimpanzee cells. (PMID:17978102)
• GSTO2 DD genotype was associated with decreased risk as compared to GSTO2 NN genotype (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05-0.92, P = 0.038) (PMID:18398695)
• These results suggest a possible effect of the GSTO1 and 2 locus on age of onset of FALS. (PMID:18427999)
• GSTO1*A140D polymorphism is significantly associated with susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (PMID:18941778)
• Report GSTO2 gene polymorphisms in worldwide populations. (PMID:18986335)
• The genetic polymorphism of GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTO2 N412D in three Iranian populations was detected. (PMID:19430957)
• The Asn142Asp polymorphism in GSTO2 and the GSTO1-140Asp/GSTO2-142Asp haplotype were associated with increased risk of COPD. GSTO2 is a candidate gene for COPD, but is not associated with FEV(1). (PMID:19513904)
• polymorphisms in GSTO1 or GSTO2 do not appear to contribute to the large individual variability in arsenic metabolism or susceptibility to arsenicosis. (PMID:19635583)
• Our findings suggest that a significantly joint effect of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, arsenic and occupational exposures and risk genotypes/diplotypes of CYP2E1, GSTO1 and GSTO2 on risk of urothelial carcinoma was found. (PMID:19686770)
• Genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTO2, XRCC1 at codons 194 and 399 may act additively for developing breast cancer (PMID:19731014)
• it is unlikely that glutathione S-transferases GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 participate in breast cancer susceptibility. (PMID:19859803)
• 142Asp allozyme could modulate arsenic biotransformation and thereby arsenic toxicity (PMID:20045512)
• This study provides the allele frequencies of GSTO polymorphism in a sample consisting of 116 apparently healthy individuals of both sexes from Rome (Central Italy). (PMID:20113212)
• the frequencies of GSTA1 (glutathione S-transferase alpha 1), GSTM1(GST mu 1 ), GSTO2(GST omega 2) and GSTT1(GST theta 1) genotypes found in asthmatic patients differ from those of controls (PMID:20367187)
• Subjects who had the GSTO2 homozygous D142 genotype were found to have an increased risk of asthma (PMID:20374258)
• Has a role in the risk of Urothelial carcinogenesis (PMID:21094982)
• GSTO2 NN genotype increase the risk of colorectal cancer in persons with positive family history for cancer in the first degree relatives. (PMID:21113667)
• CYP2D6 (rs16947) and GSTO2 (rs156697) polymorphisms are independent factors influencing complete remission rates of the first induction chemotherapy in de novo AML patients. (PMID:21518482)
• GSTA1 and the GSTO2 are asthma susceptible genes involved in increasing the risk of asthma development in the Italian population (PMID:22040239)
• Found that rs156697 minor allele of GSTO2 associates with increased risk in the older ADs with age-at-diagnosis > 80 years. The minor alleles of GSTO1 rs4925 and GSTO2 rs156697 associate with lower brain levels of GSTO2, but not GSTO1. (PMID:22494505)
• crystal structures of human GSTO2-2, stabilized through site-directed mutagenesis and determined at 1.9 A resolution in the presence and absence of glutathione (PMID:22522127)
• The polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTO2 along with the work place influence may act additively for developing cataract. (PMID:22876127)
• Variants in human GSTO2 could increase disease risk susceptibility and could act as a risk factor for hypothyroidism in Italian patients. (PMID:23079717)
• The frequencies of GSTO1 and GSTO2 genotypes were not significantly different between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cases and controls. (PMID:23086268)
• No significant association between GSTO2 polymorphism and acute renal graft rejection. (PMID:23649768)
• The results indicate that mutant GSTO2*Asp genotype is associated with increased risk of age-related cataract in smokers and ultraviolet-exposed subjects, suggesting a role of inefficient ascorbate regeneration in cataract development. (PMID:23927022)
• GSTT1 active genotype and GSTO1 Asp140Asp and GSTO2 Asp142Asp genotypes may have a prognostic/pharmacogenomic role in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. (PMID:24040330)
• The GSTA1*-69T and GSTO2*D142 variants are both associated with a significantly increased risk of asthma. (PMID:24471578)
• The present study found that rs3740400 in As3MT and rs156697 in GSTO2 were strongly associated with the arsenic species (%iAs, %MMA and MMA/iAs and DMA/MMA ratios) in urine of the occupationally exposed workers and they may influence methylation capacity. (PMID:25491248)
• Our results indicate that GSTO1*C/GSTO2*G haplotype is associated with increased risk of TCC. The modifying effect of GSTO2*G/G genotype on individual susceptibility to TCC is more pronounced, when associated with smoking. (PMID:25716313)
• No significant association has been found between childhood Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia and GSTO1 A140D and GSTO2 N142D polymorphisms. (PMID:25726706)
• we for the first time provided evidence supporting the prognostic role of GSTO2 in the progression of TACE-treated hepatocellular carcinoma (PMID:25835968)
• GSTO2 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms may serve as independent prognostic markers for hepatocellular carcinoma patients. (PMID:25892883)
• GSTO2 genetic polymorphisms are not associated with the development of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (PMID:26103006)
• GSTO2 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the progression of HBV infection. (PMID:27221910)
• The GSTO2 rs2297235 “AG” genotype is associated to SCA2 but failed to show any association with clinical markers, with the exception of a potential association with the age at disease onset. (PMID:28017238)

Cross-species orthologs

42 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gstr	ENSDARG00000042620
danio_rerio	gstt2	ENSDARG00000095464
mus_musculus	Gsto2	ENSMUSG00000025069
rattus_norvegicus	Gsto2	ENSRNOG00000069697
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD1	FBGN0001149
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD2	FBGN0010038
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD3	FBGN0010039
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD4	FBGN0010040
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD5	FBGN0010041
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD6	FBGN0010042
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD7	FBGN0010043
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD8	FBGN0010044
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE12	FBGN0027590
drosophila_melanogaster	Clic	FBGN0030529
drosophila_melanogaster	GstT3	FBGN0031117
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE13	FBGN0033381
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE1	FBGN0034335
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE11	FBGN0034354
drosophila_melanogaster	GstO3	FBGN0035904
drosophila_melanogaster	GstO2	FBGN0035906
drosophila_melanogaster	GstO1	FBGN0035907
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD9	FBGN0038020
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD10	FBGN0042206
drosophila_melanogaster	GstT1	FBGN0050000
drosophila_melanogaster	GstT2	FBGN0050005
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE9	FBGN0063491
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE8	FBGN0063492
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE7	FBGN0063493
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE6	FBGN0063494
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE5	FBGN0063495
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE4	FBGN0063496
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE3	FBGN0063497
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE2	FBGN0063498
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE10	FBGN0063499
drosophila_melanogaster	se	FBGN0086348
caenorhabditis_elegans	exc-4	WBGENE00001365
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001371
caenorhabditis_elegans	gst-43	WBGENE00001791
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001792
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00015337
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00021817
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00043097

Paralogs (14): GSTT2 (ENSG00000099984), GSTZ1 (ENSG00000100577), GDAP1 (ENSG00000104381), CLIC5 (ENSG00000112782), GDAP1L1 (ENSG00000124194), GSTT2B (ENSG00000133433), GSTO1 (ENSG00000148834), CLIC2 (ENSG00000155962), CLIC6 (ENSG00000159212), CLIC4 (ENSG00000169504), CLIC3 (ENSG00000169583), CLIC1 (ENSG00000213719), EEF1G (ENSG00000254772), GSTT4 (ENSG00000276950)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glutathione S-transferase omega-2 — Q9H4Y5 (reviewed: Q9H4Y5)

Alternative names: Glutathione S-transferase omega 2-2, Glutathione-dependent dehydroascorbate reductase, Monomethylarsonic acid reductase

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9H4Y5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase activity. Has high dehydroascorbate reductase activity and may contribute to the recycling of ascorbic acid. Participates in the biotransformation of inorganic arsenic and reduces monomethylarsonic acid (MMA).

Tissue specificity. Expressed in a range of tissues, including the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle and prostate. Strongest expression in the testis.

Similarity. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Omega family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9H4Y5-1	1	yes
Q9H4Y5-2	2
Q9H4Y5-3	3

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001177942, NP_001177943, NP_001177944, NP_899062* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004045	Glutathione_S-Trfase_N	Domain
IPR005442	GST_omega	Family
IPR010987	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C-like	Domain
IPR036249	Thioredoxin-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036282	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR040079	Glutathione_S-Trfase	Family
IPR050983	GST_Omega/HSP26	Family

Pfam: PF13417

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 1.8.5.1 — glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) (BRENDA: 48 organisms, 27 substrates, 37 inhibitors, 140 Km, 68 kcat entries)
• EC 2.5.1.18 — glutathione transferase (BRENDA: 178 organisms, 548 substrates, 680 inhibitors, 878 Km, 525 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

82 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
1-CHLORO-2,4-DINITROBENZENE	0.0003–223.6	289
GLUTATHIONE	0.0002–532.43	253
DEHYDROASCORBATE	0.019–2.5	73
GSH	0.0003–37.4	62
GLUTATHIONE	0.04–12.71	42
REDUCED GLUTATHIONE	0.017–11.4	24
ETHACRYNIC ACID	0.0001–2.43	19
GSH	0.69–5.2	17
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE	0.038–14.3	10
(+)-2-BROMO-3-(4-NITROPHENYL)PROPANOIC ACID	0.023–0.417	8
MONOCHLOROBIMANE	0.004–0.25	8
4-CHLORO-7-NITROBENZO-2-OXA-1,3-DIAZOLE	0.324–3.866	7
1-IODOHEXANE	0.009–0.059	6
ALACHLOR	0.042–7.23	6
PHENETHYL ISOTHIOCYANATE	0.0065–0.14	6

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 3 shown:

• methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O (RHEA:15969)
• RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+) (RHEA:16437)
• L-dehydroascorbate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + L-ascorbate (RHEA:24424)

UniProt features (33 total): helix 13, strand 6, binding site 3, domain 2, sequence variant 2, splice variant 2, chain 1, mutagenesis site 1, sequence conflict 1, turn 1, active site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
3Q18	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
3Q19	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
3QAG	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9H4Y5-F1	97.33	0.98

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 32 (nucleophile)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 59; 72; 85–86

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1):

Position	Phenotype
34	abolishes dhar activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-156590	Glutathione conjugation
R-HSA-196836	Vitamin C (ascorbate) metabolism

MSigDB gene sets: 95 (showing top): REACTOME_BIOLOGICAL_OXIDATIONS, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, CHANDRAN_METASTASIS_DN, GOMF_GLUTATHIONE_TRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY, SENESE_HDAC1_AND_HDAC2_TARGETS_DN, YGACNNYACAR_UNKNOWN, GOBP_L_ASCORBIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_TOXIC_SUBSTANCE, GOBP_AMIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_ARSENIC_CONTAINING_SUBSTANCE, GOBP_DETOXIFICATION, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, REACTOME_GLUTATHIONE_CONJUGATION, GOBP_GLUTATHIONE_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (5): glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749), xenobiotic metabolic process (GO:0006805), L-ascorbic acid metabolic process (GO:0019852), cellular response to arsenic-containing substance (GO:0071243), cellular oxidant detoxification (GO:0098869)

GO Molecular Function (7): glutathione transferase activity (GO:0004364), oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate) activity (GO:0045174), methylarsonate reductase activity (GO:0050610), protein binding (GO:0005515), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds	1
Metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and cofactors	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
catalytic activity	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
modified amino acid metabolic process	1
sulfur compound metabolic process	1
metabolic process	1
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	1
monosaccharide metabolic process	1
carboxylic acid metabolic process	1
lactone metabolic process	1
response to arsenic-containing substance	1
cellular response to chemical stimulus	1
cellular detoxification	1
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups	1
protein binding	1
glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity	1
antioxidant activity	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, quinone or similar compound as acceptor	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on phosphorus or arsenic in donors, disulfide as acceptor	1
binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1438 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GSTO2	HPGDS	O60760	812
GSTO2	GSTP1	P09211	786
GSTO2	GSTK1	Q9Y2Q3	752
GSTO2	GSTT2B	P0CG30	741
GSTO2	GLRX	P35754	741
GSTO2	GSTM1	P09488	669
GSTO2	SLCO6A1	Q86UG4	663
GSTO2	GSTA1	P08263	622
GSTO2	AS3MT	Q9HBK9	620
GSTO2	GSR	P00390	583
GSTO2	GSTM2	P28161	566
GSTO2	GSTA3	Q16772	530
GSTO2	GSTM3	P21266	530
GSTO2	GSTM5	P46439	507
GSTO2	GAK	O14976	503

IntAct

49 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TFAP2A	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
GSTO2	TFAP2A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
GSTO2	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
TFAP2A	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
GSTO2	MUM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MUM1	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
KLHL10	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
POLR1C	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
INCA1	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PFDN5	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
NTAQ1	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GCA	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
HOXC8	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SMARCC1	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SAV1	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
GSTO2	GPX4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GSTO2	GSTO1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TFAP2A	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
KLHL10	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
GSTO2	GSTO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (34): GSTO2 (Two-hybrid), GSTO2 (Two-hybrid), GSTO2 (Two-hybrid), CNDP2 (Co-fractionation), FKBP1A (Co-fractionation), GSTO2 (Co-fractionation), TAGLN2 (Co-fractionation), TXN (Co-fractionation), WDR1 (Co-fractionation), GSTO2 (Two-hybrid), EDRF1 (Affinity Capture-MS), RBM12 (Affinity Capture-MS), C10orf88 (Affinity Capture-MS), GPX4 (Affinity Capture-MS), GSTO2 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4FUF0, A5HK05, B0K012, O43324, O43929, O75431, O94955, O95453, P20135, P42694, P47802, P69341, P70102, P78417, Q2L969, Q3U2J5, Q3UFS0, Q49A26, Q4R8V9, Q562D5, Q5R6Z7, Q5R7T2, Q5RC51, Q5RDU9, Q5RKH0, Q5ZIA0, Q5ZLS2, Q5ZLS7, Q6AXV9, Q6DC64, Q6DFV5, Q6GR37, Q6NYU2, Q7SXV1, Q7Z624, Q8IX04, Q8K2D3, Q8K2Q2, Q8R5L3, Q8VE33

Diamond homologs: A8XT16, O09131, P30347, P34277, P34345, P49248, P78417, P81124, Q10N44, Q6AXV9, Q8K2Q2, Q9H4Y5, Q9N1F5, Q9VSL3, Q9Z339, A2XMN2, O43708, P0ACA1, P0ACA2, P28342, P32111, P45207, P46421, Q10CE7, Q65XA0, Q7VLK4, Q8L7C9, Q8LE52, Q9CA57, Q9FWR4, Q9LZ06, Q9WVL0, Q9ZW27, Q9ZW28, Q9ZW29, Q9ZW30, F4IA73, O04437, O86043, P25317

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

37 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	31
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1243 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
10:104269303:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
10:104275211:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104275211:ATC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104275212:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104275213:C:CA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104277883:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104277889:TTAAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
10:104277891:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104277892:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104277893:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104277893:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104277893:GAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104277893:GACAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
10:104297682:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
10:104297682:GGA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
10:104297683:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
10:104297685:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
10:104269236:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
10:104269309:GGGTT:G	donor_gain	0.9900
10:104275216:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:104275221:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:104275222:GCAG:G	acceptor_loss	0.9900
10:104275224:A:AC	acceptor_loss	0.9900
10:104275224:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:104275224:AG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:104275225:G:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
10:104275225:G:GA	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:104275225:GG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:104275225:GGA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:104275225:GGAA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1601 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
10:104277934:T:A	W62R	0.989
10:104277934:T:C	W62R	0.989
10:104275282:T:C	F31L	0.984
10:104275284:C:A	F31L	0.984
10:104275284:C:G	F31L	0.984
10:104299228:T:C	F226L	0.983
10:104299230:C:A	F226L	0.983
10:104299230:C:G	F226L	0.983
10:104275273:A:C	S28R	0.979
10:104275275:C:A	S28R	0.979
10:104275275:C:G	S28R	0.979
10:104275325:A:T	K45I	0.979
10:104275326:A:C	K45N	0.976
10:104275326:A:T	K45N	0.976
10:104297644:T:A	W179R	0.976
10:104297644:T:C	W179R	0.976
10:104277936:G:C	W62C	0.971
10:104277936:G:T	W62C	0.971
10:104277971:T:A	V74D	0.970
10:104297650:T:A	W181R	0.970
10:104297650:T:C	W181R	0.970
10:104275313:T:A	V41D	0.969
10:104275316:T:A	L42H	0.969
10:104297602:T:C	F165L	0.969
10:104297604:C:A	F165L	0.969
10:104297604:C:G	F165L	0.969
10:104275302:G:C	R37S	0.966
10:104275302:G:T	R37S	0.966
10:104278024:T:G	Y92D	0.966
10:104275265:G:C	R25P	0.965

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000046388 (10:104300331 C>T), RS1000148362 (10:104275765 C>G), RS1000161384 (10:104281877 C>A), RS1000304365 (10:104282566 AAAG>A,AAAGAAG), RS1000323864 (10:104275583 G>A,T), RS1000522953 (10:104296306 T>C), RS1000585710 (10:104295588 C>T), RS1000641132 (10:104282074 G>A,C), RS1000790466 (10:104288855 A>G), RS1000827858 (10:104289418 C>T), RS1000877182 (10:104269266 A>C), RS1000980430 (10:104271162 T>C), RS1001103412 (10:104302534 A>G), RS1001121247 (10:104283254 G>A), RS1001134046 (10:104302340 TAAA>T,TAAAA)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612314 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST012489_155	Heel bone mineral density x serum urate levels interaction	4.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004531	urate measurement
EFO:0009270	heel bone mineral density

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2161 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

38 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Arsenic	affects reaction, affects response to substance, increases metabolic processing, increases expression, affects abundance (+3 more)	8
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases methylation	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	decreases expression	2
Valproic Acid	affects expression, increases expression	2
fluorene-9-bisphenol	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, decreases expression, increases activity	1
sodium arsenate	increases abundance, increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde	increases expression	1
entinostat	increases expression	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
ICG 001	increases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
flutriafol	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
jinfukang	increases expression	1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid	increases expression	1
Decitabine	affects expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	increases abundance, increases expression	1
Acetylcysteine	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
Amiodarone	increases expression	1
Cacodylic Acid	affects abundance, affects metabolic processing	1
Carbamazepine	affects expression	1
Cisplatin	affects expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression	1
Environmental Pollutants	affects response to substance	1
Estradiol	affects expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL1743233	ADMET	Substrates for human cytosolic glutathione transferase GSTO2	Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology The Basic Science of Poisons, 7th edition

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.