GSTT4

Summary

GSTT4 (glutathione S-transferase theta 4, HGNC:26930) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 22q11.23, encoding Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 (A0A1W2PR19). Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.

Predicted to enable glutathione transferase activity. Predicted to be involved in glutathione metabolic process. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm.

Source: NCBI Gene 25774 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 2 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001358664

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:26930
Approved symbol	GSTT4
Name	glutathione S-transferase theta 4
Location	22q11.23
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	HS322B1A
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000276950
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
Entrez	25774

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding

ENST00000611600, ENST00000612717, ENST00000617532, ENST00000621179

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001358664 NM_001358664

CCDS: CCDS87011

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000621179 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00003721472	24005245	24005453
ENSE00003727149	23998401	23998739
ENSE00003745996	24001175	24001325
ENSE00003805848	24003760	24003847
ENSE00003809758	24000075	24000251

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 34 present calls, max score 82.81.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0149 / max 18.0434, expressed in 3 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
209422	0.0149	3

Top tissues by expression

87 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	82.81	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	82.54	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	81.46	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	76.73	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	70.80	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	45.19	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	44.12	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	44.05	silver quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	43.53	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	40.10	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	40.08	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	39.61	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	38.52	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	37.50	silver quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	37.20	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	36.51	silver quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	35.58	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	35.52	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	35.46	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	35.33	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	35.32	silver quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	35.25	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	35.24	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	34.46	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	33.83	silver quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	33.59	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	33.38	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	33.05	silver quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	32.94	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	32.88	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-4850	no	0.59
E-ANND-3	no	0.32

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Cross-species orthologs

42 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	gstr	ENSDARG00000042620
danio_rerio	gstt2	ENSDARG00000095464
mus_musculus	Gstt4	ENSMUSG00000009093
rattus_norvegicus	Gstt4	ENSRNOG00000038300
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD1	FBGN0001149
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD2	FBGN0010038
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD3	FBGN0010039
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD4	FBGN0010040
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD5	FBGN0010041
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD6	FBGN0010042
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD7	FBGN0010043
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD8	FBGN0010044
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE12	FBGN0027590
drosophila_melanogaster	Clic	FBGN0030529
drosophila_melanogaster	GstT3	FBGN0031117
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE13	FBGN0033381
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE1	FBGN0034335
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE11	FBGN0034354
drosophila_melanogaster	GstO3	FBGN0035904
drosophila_melanogaster	GstO2	FBGN0035906
drosophila_melanogaster	GstO1	FBGN0035907
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD9	FBGN0038020
drosophila_melanogaster	GstD10	FBGN0042206
drosophila_melanogaster	GstT1	FBGN0050000
drosophila_melanogaster	GstT2	FBGN0050005
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE9	FBGN0063491
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE8	FBGN0063492
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE7	FBGN0063493
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE6	FBGN0063494
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE5	FBGN0063495
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE4	FBGN0063496
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE3	FBGN0063497
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE2	FBGN0063498
drosophila_melanogaster	GstE10	FBGN0063499
drosophila_melanogaster	se	FBGN0086348
caenorhabditis_elegans	exc-4	WBGENE00001365
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001371
caenorhabditis_elegans	gst-43	WBGENE00001791
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00001792
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00015337
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00021817
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00043097

Paralogs (14): GSTO2 (ENSG00000065621), GSTT2 (ENSG00000099984), GSTZ1 (ENSG00000100577), GDAP1 (ENSG00000104381), CLIC5 (ENSG00000112782), GDAP1L1 (ENSG00000124194), GSTT2B (ENSG00000133433), GSTO1 (ENSG00000148834), CLIC2 (ENSG00000155962), CLIC6 (ENSG00000159212), CLIC4 (ENSG00000169504), CLIC3 (ENSG00000169583), CLIC1 (ENSG00000213719), EEF1G (ENSG00000254772)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glutathione S-transferase theta-4 — A0A1W2PR19 (reviewed: A0A1W2PR19)

Alternative names: GST class-theta-4, Glutathione S-transferase theta pseudogene 1

All UniProt accessions (3): A0A1W2PR19, A0A1W2PP95, A0A1W2PRF8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Similarity. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Theta family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001345593* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004045	Glutathione_S-Trfase_N	Domain
IPR004046	GST_C	Domain
IPR010987	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C-like	Domain
IPR036249	Thioredoxin-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036282	Glutathione-S-Trfase_C_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR040077	GST_C_Theta	Domain
IPR040079	Glutathione_S-Trfase	Family
IPR051369	GST_Theta	Family

Pfam: PF00043, PF13417

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+) (RHEA:16437)

UniProt features (6 total): binding site 3, domain 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-A0A1W2PR19-F1	93.73	0.85

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 40; 53–54; 66–67

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 32 (showing top): BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_30MIN_DN, GCANCTGNY_MYOD_Q6, GOMF_GLUTATHIONE_TRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY, GOBP_AMIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_14HR_DN, GOBP_GLUTATHIONE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MODIFIED_AMINO_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GSE13762_CTRL_VS_125_VITAMIND_DAY5_DC_DN, MODULE_49, STAT6_01, SUPT16H_TARGET_GENES, GOMF_TRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY_TRANSFERRING_ALKYL_OR_ARYL_OTHER_THAN_METHYL_GROUPS, HEN1_02, TTCYRGAA_UNKNOWN, NCOA4_TARGET_GENES

GO Biological Process (1): glutathione metabolic process (GO:0006749)

GO Molecular Function (2): glutathione transferase activity (GO:0004364), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (1): cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
modified amino acid metabolic process	1
sulfur compound metabolic process	1
transferase activity, transferring alkyl or aryl (other than methyl) groups	1
catalytic activity	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1545 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GSTT4	DDTL	A6NHG4	646
GSTT4	LRRC75B	Q2VPJ9	567
GSTT4	BTBD10	Q9BSF8	527
GSTT4	C22orf15	Q8WYQ4	512
GSTT4	HPGDS	O60760	476
GSTT4	GSTZ1	O43708	454
GSTT4	SMPDL3A	Q92484	446
GSTT4	GSTM5	P46439	444
GSTT4	SQOR	Q9Y6N5	438
GSTT4	DRICH1	Q6PGQ1	420
GSTT4	GSTA1	P08263	413
GSTT4	GSTM2	P28161	395
GSTT4	MGST1	P10620	392
GSTT4	GSTM1	P09488	390
GSTT4	DDT	P30046	380

IntAct

2 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ECE1	GSTT4	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1W2PR19, A6QQZ0, O09131, O65857, O76483, O88741, P09488, P0CG29, P0CG30, P21266, P28161, P28342, P30109, P30568, P30713, P42760, P46409, P46430, P46439, P46440, P48774, P57108, P78417, Q01579, Q03013, Q03425, Q03662, Q4V8E6, Q5BK56, Q5R8E8, Q61133, Q64471, Q84TK0, Q8R5I6, Q8TB36, Q9BEA9, Q9BEB0, Q9C6C8, Q9D4P7, Q9FE46

Diamond homologs: A0A1W2PR19, O76483, O77473, P0CG29, P0CG30, P20135, P30711, P30713, P46430, P57108, Q01579, Q03425, Q2NL00, Q4V8E6, Q61133, Q64471, Q8L727, Q94999, Q99L20, Q9D4P7, Q9FHE1, Q9ZRT5, A0A1U8QXK4, O59827, O77462, P20432, P21161, P28338, P30106, P30108, P42761, P42860, P43387, P44521, P46431, P46432, P46433, P67804, P67805, P77544

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

2 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	0
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

0 predictions. Top by Δscore:

AlphaMissense

1611 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
22:24000132:G:C	F157L	0.979
22:24000132:G:T	F157L	0.979
22:24000134:A:G	F157L	0.979
22:24001232:G:C	F98L	0.965
22:24001232:G:T	F98L	0.965
22:24001234:A:G	F98L	0.965
22:24005314:G:T	R15S	0.961
22:23998688:A:G	W194R	0.952
22:23998688:A:T	W194R	0.952
22:24000094:G:T	A170D	0.952
22:24005315:G:C	C14W	0.951
22:23998686:C:A	W194C	0.950
22:23998686:C:G	W194C	0.950
22:23998684:C:G	R195P	0.949
22:24003792:G:C	S56R	0.949
22:24003792:G:T	S56R	0.949
22:24003794:T:G	S56R	0.949
22:24000150:A:C	F151L	0.946
22:24000150:A:T	F151L	0.946
22:24000152:A:G	F151L	0.946
22:24005313:C:G	R15P	0.944
22:24003763:T:A	E66V	0.940
22:24005333:G:C	D8E	0.940
22:24005333:G:T	D8E	0.940
22:24001276:A:G	W84R	0.939
22:24001276:A:T	W84R	0.939
22:24005273:G:C	F28L	0.938
22:24005273:G:T	F28L	0.938
22:24005275:A:G	F28L	0.938
22:23998713:G:C	F185L	0.937

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000416694 (22:24006727 T>C), RS1000449967 (22:23996375 C>A,T), RS1000618022 (22:24004744 G>A), RS1000751748 (22:23995924 T>C), RS1000788985 (22:24006519 C>T), RS1000834588 (22:24006539 G>T), RS1001097484 (22:24001612 A>T), RS1001309689 (22:23993066 C>A,G,T), RS1001929884 (22:24003131 A>G), RS1002108108 (22:24002586 T>C), RS1002160620 (22:24002405 G>C), RS1002324387 (22:24006828 G>A,C), RS1002359681 (22:24002608 A>G), RS1002587383 (22:24005485 CT>C), RS1002636075 (22:24007068 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST003483_1	S-phenylmercapturic acid levels in smokers	3.000000e-134
GCST90013407_77	Liver enzyme levels (gamma-glutamyl transferase)	4.000000e-99

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007651	urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid measurement
EFO:0004532	serum gamma-glutamyl transferase measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

5 total (human), top 5 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Smoke	increases expression	1
Valproic Acid	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.