GTF2IRD2

Summary

GTF2IRD2 (GTF2I repeat domain containing 2, HGNC:30775) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q11.23, encoding General transcription factor II-I repeat domain-containing protein 2A (Q86UP8).

This gene is one of several closely related genes on chromosome 7 encoding proteins containing helix-loop-helix motifs. These proteins may function as regulators of transcription. The encoded protein is unique in that its C-terminus is derived from CHARLIE8 transposable element sequence. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 7 that is deleted in Williams-Beuren syndrome, and loss of this locus may contribute to the cognitive phenotypes observed in this disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 84163 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 5
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 33 total
• Phenotypes (HPO): 186
• Dosage sensitivity (ClinGen): haploinsufficiency no evidence, triplosensitivity no evidence
• MANE Select transcript: NM_173537

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30775
Approved symbol	GTF2IRD2
Name	GTF2I repeat domain containing 2
Location	7q11.23
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ37938, GTF2IRD2A
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000196275
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	608899
Entrez	84163

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 27 — 22 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000451013, ENST00000478628, ENST00000484624, ENST00000610955, ENST00000614386, ENST00000619775, ENST00000651129, ENST00000652362, ENST00000907793, ENST00000907794, ENST00000907795, ENST00000907796, ENST00000907797, ENST00000907798, ENST00000907799, ENST00000907800, ENST00000907801, ENST00000907802, ENST00000907803, ENST00000966521, ENST00000966522, ENST00000966523, ENST00000966524, ENST00000966525, ENST00000966526, ENST00000966527, ENST00000966528

RefSeq mRNA: 15 — MANE Select: NM_173537 NM_001281447, NM_001368300, NM_001388079, NM_001388080, NM_001388081, NM_001388082, NM_001388083, NM_001388084, NM_001388085, NM_001388086, NM_001388087, NM_001388088, NM_001388089, NM_001388460, NM_173537

CCDS: CCDS5576, CCDS64682, CCDS94122

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000451013 — 16 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002207312	74796151	74798265
ENSE00003738756	74851367	74851605
ENSE00003925714	74812739	74812816
ENSE00003925891	74804777	74804860
ENSE00003927295	74809108	74809173
ENSE00003927816	74832805	74832943
ENSE00003929790	74819969	74820023
ENSE00003931782	74836280	74836383
ENSE00003932683	74810896	74810952
ENSE00003933043	74822624	74822807
ENSE00003935495	74803298	74803481
ENSE00003936376	74824933	74825052
ENSE00003936631	74822427	74822455
ENSE00003937054	74819554	74819597
ENSE00003938187	74801985	74802013
ENSE00003938596	74806934	74807011

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 93.69.

Top tissues by expression

134 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	93.69	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	91.49	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	90.76	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	90.73	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	90.46	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	90.46	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	90.38	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	90.34	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	90.33	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	89.95	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	89.68	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	89.54	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	89.51	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	89.33	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	89.23	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	89.22	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	89.21	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	89.20	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	89.14	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	89.02	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	88.99	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	88.88	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	88.88	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	88.83	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	88.80	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	88.56	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	88.54	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	88.49	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	88.24	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	88.21	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	8.85

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

35 targeting GTF2IRD2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-150-5P	99.99	66.69	1976
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-4760-3P	99.93	70.50	2385
HSA-MIR-380-3P	99.89	70.18	1978
HSA-MIR-5582-3P	99.86	72.48	4221
HSA-MIR-548AR-3P	99.85	71.26	3889
HSA-MIR-548AZ-3P	99.82	70.56	3549
HSA-MIR-548BC	99.82	70.61	3524
HSA-MIR-548E-3P	99.82	70.59	3514
HSA-MIR-548F-3P	99.82	70.59	3540
HSA-MIR-548A-3P	99.76	70.58	3524
HSA-MIR-3158-5P	99.65	67.51	1763
HSA-MIR-1827	99.63	68.57	3265
HSA-MIR-1260A	99.61	66.67	1098
HSA-MIR-1260B	99.61	66.67	1098
HSA-MIR-12117	99.50	67.57	868
HSA-MIR-5689	99.50	71.26	1154
HSA-MIR-4762-3P	99.43	69.72	2363
HSA-MIR-4316	99.37	65.75	1360
HSA-MIR-2054	99.20	68.89	1699
HSA-MIR-1294	98.91	69.26	1030
HSA-MIR-9986	98.91	69.28	1024
HSA-MIR-520G-3P	98.91	67.38	1914
HSA-MIR-520H	98.91	67.38	1914
HSA-MIR-4755-3P	98.77	65.59	1915
HSA-MIR-7977	98.65	66.18	2590
HSA-MIR-4768-3P	98.16	66.02	2330

Functional genomics

ClinGen dosage: haploinsufficiency 0 (no evidence), triplosensitivity 0 (no evidence). ClinGen Gene Dosage Map

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• Williams-Beuren syndrome patients are hemizygous for the GTF2IRD2 gene. (PMID:15100712)
• GTF2IRD2 genes in mice and humans allows refinement of the centromeric breakpoint position of the primate-specific inversion within the Williams-Beuren syndrome critical region. (PMID:15243160)
• There is high indentity between CTF2IRD2 and CTF2I, which suggests that heterodimers as well as homodimers are possible, and indicates overlapping functions between their respective short isoforms. (PMID:15388857)
• We provide the first evidence for a role for GTF2IRD2 in higher-level (executive functioning) abilities and highlight the importance of integrating detailed molecular characterisation of patients with comprehensive neuropsychological profiling (PMID:23118870)
• atypical Williams Syndrome patients with GTF2IRD2 deletion had more impaired visuospatial abilities and more significant behavioral problems, mainly related to the construct of social cognition (PMID:30375319)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Gtf2ird2	ENSMUSG00000015942
rattus_norvegicus	Gtf2ird2	ENSRNOG00000001482

Paralogs (18): GTF2IRD1 (ENSG00000006704), ZMYM2 (ENSG00000121741), ZMYM5 (ENSG00000132950), THAP12 (ENSG00000137492), ZMYM4 (ENSG00000146463), ZMYM3 (ENSG00000147130), ZMYM6 (ENSG00000163867), KIAA1958 (ENSG00000165185), GTF2IRD2B (ENSG00000174428), EPM2AIP1 (ENSG00000178567), ZMYM1 (ENSG00000197056), QRICH1 (ENSG00000198218), FAM200C (ENSG00000221886), FAM200A (ENSG00000221909), SCAND3 (ENSG00000232040), ZBED5 (ENSG00000236287), FAM200B (ENSG00000237765), GTF2I (ENSG00000263001)

Protein

Protein identifiers

General transcription factor II-I repeat domain-containing protein 2A — Q86UP8 (reviewed: Q86UP8)

Alternative names: Transcription factor GTF2IRD2-alpha

All UniProt accessions (2): A0A494C0I1, Q86UP8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous.

Disease relevance. GTF2IRD2 is located in the Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) critical region. WBS results from a hemizygous deletion of several genes on chromosome 7q11.23, thought to arise as a consequence of unequal crossing over between highly homologous low-copy repeat sequences flanking the deleted region.

Similarity. Belongs to the TFII-I family.

Isoforms (6)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q86UP8-1	1	yes
Q86UP8-2	2
Q86UP8-3	3
Q86UP8-4	4
Q86UP8-5	5
Q86UP8-6	6

RefSeq proteins (15): NP_001268376, NP_001355229, NP_001375008, NP_001375009, NP_001375010, NP_001375011, NP_001375012, NP_001375013, NP_001375014, NP_001375015, NP_001375016, NP_001375017, NP_001375018, NP_001375389, NP_775808* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004212	GTF2I	Repeat
IPR012337	RNaseH-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036647	GTF2I-like_rpt_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR042224	GTF2IRD2	Family

Pfam: PF02946

UniProt features (17 total): splice variant 8, sequence conflict 5, repeat 2, chain 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q86UP8-F1	73.24	0.33

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 495 (showing top): chr7q11, ACEVEDO_LIVER_CANCER_UP, YAGI_AML_SURVIVAL, WANG_RESPONSE_TO_GSK3_INHIBITOR_SB216763_UP, KOINUMA_TARGETS_OF_SMAD2_OR_SMAD3, PEDRIOLI_MIR31_TARGETS_DN, ZWANG_DOWN_BY_2ND_EGF_PULSE, GSE5503_MLN_DC_VS_SPLEEN_DC_ACTIVATED_ALLOGENIC_TCELL_UP, GOMF_TRANSCRIPTION_REGULATOR_ACTIVITY, MIR616_5P, MIR371B_5P, MIR373_5P, MIR548AR_3P, MIR548F_3P, MIR548BC

GO Biological Process (2): regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition (GO:0006617)

GO Molecular Function (3): DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), DNA binding (GO:0003677), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): nucleus (GO:0005634), signal recognition particle, endoplasmic reticulum targeting (GO:0005786)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane	1
protein-containing complex assembly	1
chromatin	1
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	1
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
nucleic acid binding	1
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
signal recognition particle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

548 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
GTF2IRD2	NCF1	P14598	787
GTF2IRD2	ELN	P15502	641
GTF2IRD2	TBL2	Q9Y4P3	637
GTF2IRD2	TRIM50	Q86XT4	618
GTF2IRD2	NSUN5	Q96P11	579
GTF2IRD2	BCL7B	Q9BQE9	547
GTF2IRD2	CLIP2	Q9UDT6	539
GTF2IRD2	EIF4H	Q15056	530
GTF2IRD2	FKBP6	O75344	502
GTF2IRD2	FKBP10	Q96AY3	482
GTF2IRD2	AGT	P01019	469
GTF2IRD2	ZNF805	Q5CZA5	432
GTF2IRD2	DNAJC30	Q96LL9	419
GTF2IRD2	FZD9	O00144	418
GTF2IRD2	SRGAP2C	P0DJJ0	417

IntAct

16 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
GTF2IRD2	TRIM54	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
TRIM54	GTF2IRD2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GTF2IRD2	HSP90AB1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
GTF2IRD2	MLF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
Hacd3	GTF2IRD2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
GTF2IRD2		psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
PSMD2	GTF2IRD2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
	GTF2IRD2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
GTF2IRD2	CDC37	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
AARSD1	GTF2IRD2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
P		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GTF2IRD2	GTF2I	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GPC3	PXDNL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (15): GTF2IRD2 (Two-hybrid), GTF2IRD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), GTF2IRD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), GTF2IRD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), GTF2IRD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), GTF2IRD1 (Affinity Capture-MS), GTF2I (Affinity Capture-MS), UBE2Z (Affinity Capture-MS), GTF2IRD2B (Affinity Capture-MS), GTF2IRD2 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), GTF2IRD2 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), GTF2IRD2 (Affinity Capture-MS), GTF2IRD2 (Two-hybrid), GTF2IRD2 (Affinity Capture-Luminescence), GTF2IRD2 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A3KMX0, A4IFA3, A4IGY9, A4Z943, A4Z944, B8QB46, D2EAC2, E1C2V1, O43422, O60290, P10911, P35125, P86452, Q13075, Q2NKX8, Q3UPF5, Q49AG3, Q5FWF4, Q5SVZ6, Q5T890, Q5TKR9, Q6DJS0, Q6EKJ0, Q6R2W3, Q6YI93, Q7Z2W4, Q80WE4, Q86UP8, Q86VD1, Q8BZ21, Q8N8K9, Q8QMP8, Q8TDB6, Q8WML3, Q92794, Q96JM7, Q96JS3, Q99388, Q99NI3, Q9CUX1

Diamond homologs: A4IFA3, A7MB80, B7ZQJ9, P78347, Q5U2Y1, Q6EKJ0, Q86UP8, Q99NI3, Q9ESZ8, Q9JI57, Q9UHL9

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

33 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	22
Likely benign	7
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2419 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:74803293:CTTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:74803297:C:CG	donor_loss	1.0000
7:74804770:AACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
7:74804771:ACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
7:74804772:CTT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
7:74804773:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:74804774:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:74804775:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
7:74804775:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
7:74804776:C:CG	donor_gain	1.0000
7:74804776:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:74804776:CCA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:74804776:CCAA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:74804776:CCAAA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:74804856:ATTAT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74804857:TTAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74804858:TAT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74804859:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74804859:ATC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
7:74804860:TCTAA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
7:74804861:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74804867:A:AC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74804867:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74804870:A:AC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74804871:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74804871:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74807012:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74807013:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:74812733:TATTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
7:74812735:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

6294 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:74798218:A:G	W432R	1.000
7:74798218:A:T	W432R	1.000
7:74798216:C:A	W432C	0.999
7:74798216:C:G	W432C	0.999
7:74798228:A:C	F428L	0.998
7:74798228:A:T	F428L	0.998
7:74798229:A:G	F428S	0.998
7:74798230:A:G	F428L	0.998
7:74798257:G:T	R419S	0.998
7:74803310:A:G	F402S	0.998
7:74804794:A:G	L339P	0.998
7:74804803:A:T	V336D	0.998
7:74798121:C:G	R464P	0.997
7:74798138:T:A	K458N	0.997
7:74798138:T:G	K458N	0.997
7:74798139:T:A	K458I	0.997
7:74798173:A:G	C447R	0.997
7:74798229:A:C	F428C	0.997
7:74803361:A:G	L385P	0.997
7:74803379:A:G	F379S	0.997
7:74804791:A:G	F340S	0.997
7:74797667:G:C	S615R	0.996
7:74797667:G:T	S615R	0.996
7:74797669:T:G	S615R	0.996
7:74798116:A:C	Y466D	0.996
7:74798127:A:G	L462P	0.996
7:74798217:C:G	W432S	0.996
7:74803412:A:T	V368E	0.996
7:74803433:A:C	I361S	0.996
7:74803433:A:G	I361T	0.996

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS10225848 (7:74805436 G>A), RS111340667 (7:74833721 A>T), RS111449690 (7:74807855 T>C), RS111471245 (7:74835922 T>C,G), RS111757525 (7:74805881 G>A,T), RS112022464 (7:74800203 T>C), RS112148398 (7:74834767 T>G), RS112446134 (7:74813441 G>C,T), RS113157837 (7:74831058 T>A), RS113191694 (7:74801769 G>C), RS113533859 (7:74813400 A>G), RS1137618 (7:74796434 C>G,T), RS1137619 (7:74796419 A>G), RS113815546 (7:74800705 T>C,G), RS115501971 (7:74830053 G>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:608899 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

186 total (30 of 186 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000010	Recurrent urinary tract infections
HP:0000014	Abnormality of the bladder
HP:0000015	Bladder diverticulum
HP:0000023	Inguinal hernia
HP:0000025	Functional abnormality of male internal genitalia
HP:0000028	Cryptorchidism
HP:0000044	Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
HP:0000075	Renal duplication
HP:0000076	Vesicoureteral reflux
HP:0000083	Renal insufficiency
HP:0000089	Renal hypoplasia
HP:0000093	Proteinuria
HP:0000121	Nephrocalcinosis
HP:0000125	Pelvic kidney
HP:0000147	Polycystic ovaries
HP:0000154	Wide mouth
HP:0000158	Macroglossia
HP:0000179	Thick lower lip vermilion
HP:0000212	Gingival overgrowth
HP:0000232	Everted lower lip vermilion
HP:0000252	Microcephaly
HP:0000275	Narrow face
HP:0000280	Coarse facial features
HP:0000286	Epicanthus
HP:0000307	Pointed chin
HP:0000337	Broad forehead
HP:0000343	Long philtrum
HP:0000347	Micrognathia
HP:0000348	High forehead
HP:0000358	Posteriorly rotated ears

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004621_113	Red cell distribution width	5.000000e-18
GCST006414_123	Atrial fibrillation	3.000000e-10
GCST006804_68	Red cell distribution width	2.000000e-12
GCST010988_158	Adult body size	2.000000e-08
GCST90002404_289	Red cell distribution width	2.000000e-25

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0009188	Red cell distribution width

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

36 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	6
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	2
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
sotorasib	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
pentanal	decreases expression	1
15-acetyldeoxynivalenol	increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
entinostat	decreases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
NSC 689534	affects binding, increases expression	1
trametinib	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
NVP-BKM120	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Vorinostat	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression	1
Aldehydes	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases expression	1
Copper	affects binding, increases expression	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Rifampin	increases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.