GYPB

gene
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Also known as GPBSSCD235bPAS-3

Summary

GYPB (glycophorin B (MNS blood group), HGNC:4703) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q31.21, encoding Glycophorin-B (P06028). Component of the ankyrin-1 complex, a multiprotein complex involved in the stability and shape of the erythrocyte membrane.

Glycophorins A (GYPA) and B (GYPB) are major sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane which bear the antigenic determinants for the MN and Ss blood groups. GYPB gene consists of 5 exons and has 97% sequence homology with GYPA from the 5’ UTR to the coding sequence encoding the first 45 amino acids. In addition to the M or N and S or s antigens, that commonly occur in all populations, about 40 related variant phenotypes have been identified. These variants include all the variants of the Miltenberger complex and several isoforms of Sta; also, Dantu, Sat, He, Mg, and deletion variants Ena, S-s-U- and Mk. Most of the variants are the result of gene recombinations between GYPA and GYPB. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 2994 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): blood group, ss (Limited, GenCC)
  • GWAS associations: 39
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 18 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_002100

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:4703
Approved symbolGYPB
Nameglycophorin B (MNS blood group)
Location4q31.21
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesGPB, SS, CD235b, PAS-3
Ensembl geneENSG00000250361
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM617923
Entrez2994

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 5 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 4 protein_coding, 4 nonsense_mediated_decay, 3 retained_intron

ENST00000429670, ENST00000502664, ENST00000503255, ENST00000504951, ENST00000505583, ENST00000506516, ENST00000506679, ENST00000507009, ENST00000508618, ENST00000508841, ENST00000510196, ENST00000511198, ENST00000513128, ENST00000513557, ENST00000513677, ENST00000642935

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_002100 NM_001304382, NM_002100

CCDS: CCDS54809, CCDS87264

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000502664 — 5 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00002086685143996104143996304
ENSE00003580166144001185144001283
ENSE00003600469143999411143999449
ENSE00003633939143997540143997634
ENSE00003898237144019251144019380

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 164 present calls, max score 98.55.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0415 / max 14.1420, expressed in 15 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
542070.041515

Top tissues by expression

293 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
trabecular bone tissueUBERON:000248398.55gold quality
bone marrowUBERON:000237195.28gold quality
bone marrow cellCL:000209293.30gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047386.95gold quality
monocyteCL:000057685.33gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084285.23gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017883.20gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830381.29gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073880.93gold quality
buccal mucosa cellCL:000233673.07gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370166.66gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099165.87gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210663.64gold quality
cervix squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692261.83gold quality
corpus callosumUBERON:000233661.53gold quality
descending thoracic aortaUBERON:000234560.97gold quality
placentaUBERON:000198759.69gold quality
tendonUBERON:000004358.59gold quality
embryoUBERON:000092258.09gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162557.89gold quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033157.62silver quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149655.24gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151555.18gold quality
cingulate cortexUBERON:000302754.99gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548854.97silver quality
deltoidUBERON:000147654.85gold quality
right frontal lobeUBERON:000281054.85gold quality
anterior cingulate cortexUBERON:000983554.62gold quality
cerebellar vermisUBERON:000472054.37gold quality
upper lobe of left lungUBERON:000895254.20gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 14 experiment(s), a significant marker in 11.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8205yes972.68
E-HCAD-24yes956.82
E-GEOD-109979yes123.38
E-CURD-112yes60.32
E-MTAB-10042yes54.97
E-MTAB-9221yes21.19
E-HCAD-9yes11.73
E-MTAB-9067yes11.42
E-MTAB-9388yes9.40
E-HCAD-10yes7.83
E-ANND-3yes4.35
E-CURD-98no1021.04
E-GEOD-75367no631.46
E-MTAB-9467no2.87

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): GATA1, KLF1, SP1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

18 targeting GYPB, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4692100.0067.322066
HSA-MIR-451499.9967.101870
HSA-MIR-3680-3P99.7572.513095
HSA-MIR-182799.6368.573265
HSA-MIR-6832-5P99.5864.821132
HSA-MIR-468899.4864.68828
HSA-MIR-6743-5P99.4863.60721
HSA-MIR-312399.4767.152693
HSA-MIR-431699.3765.751360
HSA-MIR-94099.3766.142064
HSA-MIR-6808-5P99.3166.232150
HSA-MIR-6893-5P99.3166.252119
HSA-MIR-3925-5P99.2167.901466
HSA-MIR-477398.3567.301710
HSA-MIR-7156-3P98.2567.66859
HSA-MIR-4768-3P98.1666.022330
HSA-MIR-64597.2866.30486
HSA-MIR-6789-5P94.0566.19285

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 27)

  • Indochina I strain of P. falciparum is not dependent on glycophorin B to invade erythrocytse through a trypsin-resistant pathway as are the strains 3D7, HB3, and Dd2. (PMID:14638759)
  • The S-s-U+var phenotype arises from changes in or around GYPB exon 5. (PMID:14641872)
  • GYPA & GYPB genotypes carrying MNSs antigens were analyzed in Thai patients with cerebral malaria & mild malaria; no statistical difference was found; it is concluded that MNSs antigens do not reveal the difference in susceptibility to cerebral malaria (PMID:17372674)
  • Alternative to conventional tube technique for mass screening for MNS hybrids, especially when specific antisera are not available. (PMID:17561857)
  • Immunoblotting showed the presence of monomer and dimer forms of a GP(A-B) hybrid and an absence of GPA and GPB. Sequencing of DNA and PCR-RFLP using the restriction enzyme RsaI confirmed the presence of a hybrid GYP(AB). (PMID:18284304)
  • The erythrocyte-binding domain, region 2 of EBL-1, bound glycophorin B(+) but (PMID:19279206)
  • This study reports for the first time the molecular mechanisms responsible for the S-s- phenotype in a population of African Brazilians and provides new information about the frequency and molecular bases of the GYPB*S silent gene in this population. (PMID:19856717)
  • an increased susceptibility to infection by this parasite is associated with the glycophorin B S+ variant in Brazilian Amazons (PMID:21283638)
  • Substitution of GPB with Gp.Mur significantly reduced the expression of Rh antigen and RhAG on the Mi.III(+/+) erythrocyte membrane (PMID:21883272)
  • A novel GYPB mutation (c.270+5G>A) accounting for the S-s-U+(var) phenotype was identified. (PMID:24738877)
  • MNSs blood group glycophorin variants in Taiwan: a genotype-serotype correlation study of ‘Mi(a)’ and St(a) with report of two new alleles for St(a). (PMID:24858913)
  • a complex structural rearrangement involving the loss of GYPB and gain of two GYPB-A hybrid genes reduces the risk of severe malaria by 40% and has recently increased in frequency in parts of Kenya (PMID:28522690)
  • through bioinformatic analysis, identified extensive variation in GYPB transcript levels in individuals from Benin, suggesting selection from malaria pressure; collective data suggest that the GPA and GPB receptors are of greater importance than the GPC receptor, supporting a hierarchy of erythrocyte receptor usage in P. falciparum (PMID:28760933)
  • A novel c.166A>T (p.Thr56Ser) mutation in GYPB*S decreases S antigen expression. (PMID:30523644)
  • A GYPB variant encoding an altered leader peptide leads to a weak S phenotype. (PMID:30927367)
  • Characterization of GYP*Mur and novel GYP*Bun-like hybrids in Thai blood donors reveals a qualitatively altered s antigen. (PMID:32201961)
  • An unusual variant glycophorin expressing protease-resistant M antigen encoded by the GYPB-E(2-4)-B hybrid gene. (PMID:32314425)
  • Novel hybrid genes and a splice site mutation encoding the St(a) antigen among Japanese blood donors. (PMID:32394466)
  • Multiple GYPB gene deletions associated with the U- phenotype in those of African ancestry. (PMID:32473076)
  • Structural variation of the malaria-associated human glycophorin A-B-E region. (PMID:32600246)
  • High-throughput genotyping assays for identification of glycophorin B deletion variants in population studies. (PMID:33325748)
  • A pair of S-silencing single nucleotide variants cis-linked on GYPB. (PMID:33733475)
  • Molecular genetic analysis of Mi(a) -positive hybrid glycophorins revealed two novel alleles of GP.Vw and multiple variant transcripts of GYPB existing in both the homozygous GP.Mur and wild-type GPB individuals. (PMID:34117642)
  • Joint efficacy of the three biomarkers SNCA, GYPB and HBG1 for atrial fibrillation and stroke: Analysis via the support vector machine neural network. (PMID:35138035)
  • Characterization of alternatively spliced transcript variants of glycophorin A and glycophorin B genes in Chinese blood donors. (PMID:35138639)
  • Uncommon S-s-U+ phenotype encoded by two novel GYPB alleles. (PMID:37921239)
  • The study of variant s antigen expression revealing a novel c.160C>T (p.Arg54Cys) variant on GYPB*s allele associated with partial s phenotype. (PMID:38158881)

Cross-species orthologs

1 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusGypaENSMUSG00000051839

Paralogs (2): GYPA (ENSG00000170180), GYPE (ENSG00000197465)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Glycophorin-BP06028 (reviewed: P06028)

Alternative names: PAS-3, SS-active sialoglycoprotein, Sialoglycoprotein delta

All UniProt accessions (5): D6RA87, D6RAD9, D6RBP2, E7ERJ5, P06028

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the ankyrin-1 complex, a multiprotein complex involved in the stability and shape of the erythrocyte membrane.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the ankyrin-1 complex in the erythrocyte, composed of ANK1, RHCE, RHAG, SLC4A1, EPB42, GYPA, GYPB and AQP1. Interacts (via the N-terminal) with RHAG; this interaction bridges the (RHAG)2(RHCE) heterotrimer with the SLC4A1 Band 3 I dimer complexed with GYPA.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Post-translational modifications. The N-terminal extracellular domain is heavily glycosylated on serine and threonine residues.

Polymorphism. Along with GYPA, GYPB is responsible for the MNS blood group system. The molecular basis of the S/s blood group antigen is a single variation in position 48; Thr-48 corresponds to s=MSN4 and Met-48 to S=MNS3.

Similarity. Belongs to the glycophorin-A family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
P06028-11yes
P06028-22

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001291311, NP_002091* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001195GlycophorinFamily
IPR018938Glycophorin_CSConserved_site
IPR049535GYPA_BFamily

Pfam: PF01102

UniProt features (17 total): sequence variant 5, topological domain 2, site 2, glycosylation site 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, sequence conflict 1, helix 1, transmembrane region 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
8CS9ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.74
8CRTELECTRON MICROSCOPY3
8CSLELECTRON MICROSCOPY25

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P06028-F166.520.04

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (2): 33 (not glycosylated); 34 (not glycosylated)

Glycosylation sites (2): 36, 38

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-202733Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall

MSigDB gene sets: 84 (showing top): MODULE_45, MODULE_64, KYNG_DNA_DAMAGE_DN, MODULE_16, GNF2_ANK1, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, GNF2_SPTA1, GNF2_PCAF, MODULE_88, MODULE_18, MODULE_95, REACTOME_CELL_SURFACE_INTERACTIONS_AT_THE_VASCULAR_WALL, GNF2_MAP2K3, MODULE_539, GOCC_MEMBRANE_PROTEIN_COMPLEX

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), ankyrin-1 complex (GO:0170014), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Hemostasis1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
binding1
membrane1
cell periphery1
membrane protein complex1
cellular anatomical structure1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

816 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
GYPBCD47Q08722993
GYPBRHAGQ02094993
GYPBH3BT10H3BT10964
GYPBGYPCP04921958
GYPBRHCEP18577955
GYPBGYPAP02724899
GYPBALAS2P22557778
GYPBSLC4A1P02730769
GYPBHBE1P02100728
GYPBICAM4Q14773723
GYPBHBBP02023699
GYPBFREM3P0C091696
GYPBACKR1Q16570690
GYPBCD36P16671636
GYPBSCARB2Q14108629

IntAct

22 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
GYPBUBQLN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.720
UBQLN1GYPBpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.720
UBQLN1GYPBpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
GYPBUBQLN1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
GYPBS1PR3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
GYPBHSD17B13psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
GYPBREEP4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
GYPBTCAF2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MPOGYPBpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
GYPBREEP4psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (98): UBQLN1 (Two-hybrid), UBQLN1 (Two-hybrid), RANBP17 (Affinity Capture-MS), SMYD4 (Affinity Capture-MS), ESRRA (Affinity Capture-MS), FANCG (Affinity Capture-MS), FAM115C (Affinity Capture-MS), UTP20 (Affinity Capture-MS), PDS5A (Affinity Capture-MS), BZW1 (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF2B3 (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF2B4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PDS5B (Affinity Capture-MS), EIF2B1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SHCBP1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A146B485, A0A146B5A4, A0A158RFT4, A0A1B0GWG4, E2J6T4, F5HB98, F5HC14, F5HGU6, F5HHQ0, F5HHS3, G5EEV9, O55653, P02724, P02727, P03224, P06028, P0DQV0, P11320, P11450, P15421, P16721, P16739, P16742, P16744, P16795, P16843, P16845, P17590, P24935, P32515, P35770, P42287, P68326, P68329, P69338, P69339, Q03345, Q28913, Q28914, Q63064

Diamond homologs: P02724, P02726, P02727, P06028, P14220, P14221, P15421, Q28913, Q28914, Q28915

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
GYPB“form complex”“Ankyrin complex”binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

18 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance12
Likely benign2
Benign1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

909 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
4:143999407:ATAC:Adonor_loss1.0000
4:143999408:TA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
4:143999410:C:CTdonor_loss1.0000
4:144000382:A:Cdonor_gain1.0000
4:143997594:A:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
4:143997635:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
4:143999446:TCTCC:Tacceptor_loss0.9900
4:143999447:CTC:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
4:143999448:TCC:Tacceptor_loss0.9900
4:143999449:CCT:Cacceptor_loss0.9900
4:143999450:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
4:143999450:CT:Cacceptor_loss0.9900
4:143999451:T:Aacceptor_loss0.9900
4:143996301:ATGCC:Aacceptor_loss0.9800
4:143996303:GCC:Gacceptor_loss0.9800
4:143996304:CCTG:Cacceptor_loss0.9800
4:143996305:C:Tacceptor_loss0.9800
4:143996306:T:Aacceptor_loss0.9800
4:143997600:C:CTacceptor_gain0.9800
4:143997632:GAGCT:Gacceptor_gain0.9800
4:143997633:AGCT:Aacceptor_gain0.9800
4:143997634:GCTAA:Gacceptor_gain0.9800
4:143997635:C:Aacceptor_gain0.9800
4:143997636:T:Aacceptor_gain0.9800
4:144019247:TTAC:Tdonor_loss0.9800
4:144019249:ACC:Adonor_loss0.9800
4:144019250:C:CAdonor_loss0.9800
4:144019250:CCTGA:Cdonor_gain0.9800
4:143996300:CATGC:Cacceptor_gain0.9700
4:143996305:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9700

AlphaMissense

565 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
4:143997584:C:GG76R0.958
4:143997584:C:TG76R0.958
4:143997583:C:TG76E0.948
4:143999421:G:CF55L0.928
4:143999421:G:TF55L0.928
4:143999423:A:GF55L0.928
4:143997605:A:GC69R0.912
4:143997593:C:GG73R0.906
4:143997592:C:TG73D0.872
4:143997598:A:CM71R0.844
4:143997596:C:GA72P0.842
4:143997595:G:TA72D0.840
4:143997616:A:TL65H0.823
4:143997619:A:TI64K0.819
4:143997574:A:GL79P0.814
4:143997598:A:TM71K0.806
4:143997574:A:TL79H0.788
4:143997558:A:CS84R0.787
4:143997558:A:TS84R0.787
4:143997560:T:GS84R0.787
4:144019267:A:CF7L0.778
4:144019267:A:TF7L0.778
4:144019269:A:GF7L0.778
4:143997586:A:TI75N0.753
4:144019265:A:TV8E0.740
4:143999422:A:CF55C0.738
4:143997619:A:CI64R0.731
4:143997574:A:CL79R0.730
4:143997583:C:AG76V0.705
4:143997603:A:CC69W0.691

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000030451 (4:144010527 T>A), RS1000100766 (4:144015984 C>T), RS1000192462 (4:144002129 A>G), RS10002395 (4:144011706 T>C,G), RS1000250474 (4:144010691 A>G), RS1000300133 (4:143997603 A>C), RS1000351917 (4:143997812 A>G), RS1000555971 (4:144016310 T>TCTTTC), RS1000589356 (4:144011611 G>A,T), RS1000643928 (4:143998990 C>G), RS1000696076 (4:143999145 T>A,C), RS1000813739 (4:144002396 T>A,C), RS1001293466 (4:143994854 A>G), RS1001558867 (4:144017155 A>G,T), RS1002044461 (4:144013156 A>C,G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:617923 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
blood group, ssLimitedAutosomal dominant

Mondo (1): (MONDO:0020620)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

39 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST003145_1Severe malaria4.000000e-11
GCST003145_3Severe malaria1.000000e-10
GCST004068_17Venous thromboembolism adjusted for sickle cell variant rs77121243-T8.000000e-06
GCST004602_30Mean corpuscular volume1.000000e-12
GCST004603_223Platelet count4.000000e-09
GCST004605_69Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration2.000000e-18
GCST004607_227Plateletcrit2.000000e-12
GCST004619_13Reticulocyte fraction of red cells1.000000e-19
GCST004622_168Reticulocyte count1.000000e-16
GCST004625_10Monocyte count1.000000e-12
GCST004630_144Mean corpuscular hemoglobin6.000000e-13
GCST008359_9Response to cognitive-behavioural therapy in anxiety disorder7.000000e-06
GCST010725_4Malaria4.000000e-10
GCST010725_84Malaria7.000000e-11
GCST010725_89Malaria7.000000e-11
GCST012227_1296Hip circumference adjusted for BMI8.000000e-09
GCST90002385_258High light scatter reticulocyte count2.000000e-136
GCST90002385_259High light scatter reticulocyte count4.000000e-20
GCST90002386_6High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells1.000000e-22
GCST90002390_222Mean corpuscular hemoglobin2.000000e-12
GCST90002390_223Mean corpuscular hemoglobin4.000000e-25
GCST90002391_11Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration5.000000e-28
GCST90002392_669Mean corpuscular volume2.000000e-31
GCST90002393_138Monocyte count2.000000e-21
GCST90002396_237Mean reticulocyte volume7.000000e-47
GCST90002396_239Mean reticulocyte volume5.000000e-12
GCST90002397_23Mean spheric corpuscular volume7.000000e-23
GCST90002398_460Neutrophil count3.000000e-16
GCST90002400_669Plateletcrit3.000000e-10
GCST90002400_670Plateletcrit4.000000e-16

EFO canonical traits (11, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004309platelet count
EFO:0004528mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
EFO:0007985platelet crit
EFO:0007986reticulocyte count
EFO:0005091monocyte count
EFO:0004527mean corpuscular hemoglobin
EFO:0007820cognitive behavioural therapy
EFO:0008039BMI-adjusted hip circumference
EFO:0010701mean reticulocyte volume
EFO:0004833neutrophil count
EFO:0004305erythrocyte count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

10 total (human), top 10 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrenedecreases expression, decreases methylation2
nickel sulfatedecreases expression1
Diethylhexyl Phthalatedecreases expression1
Dinitrochlorobenzenedecreases expression1
Eugenoldecreases expression1
Leadincreases expression1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxindecreases expression1
Thimerosalincreases expression1
Valproic Aciddecreases methylation1
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation1

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 3 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_C0XDBEL-A GPB KOTransformed cell lineSex unspecified
CVCL_C0XHBEL-A 4x KOTransformed cell lineSex unspecified
CVCL_C0XIBEL-A 5x KOTransformed cell lineSex unspecified

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.