HOXA4

Summary

HOXA4 (homeobox A4, HGNC:5105) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7p15.2, encoding Homeobox protein Hox-A4 (Q00056). Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis.

In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. Expression of these proteins is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. This gene is part of the A cluster on chromosome 7 and encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor which may regulate gene expression, morphogenesis, and differentiation.

Source: NCBI Gene 3201 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): microtia with meatal atresia and conductive deafness (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 6 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002141

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:5105
Approved symbol	HOXA4
Name	homeobox A4
Location	7p15.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000197576
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	142953
Entrez	3201

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 3 protein_coding

ENST00000360046, ENST00000511914, ENST00000610970

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_002141 NM_002141

CCDS: CCDS5405

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000360046 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000674258	27130118	27130757
ENSE00003892562	27128525	27129571

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 111 present calls, max score 92.87.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 2.0178 / max 56.2160, expressed in 703 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
83285	0.6932	335
83280	0.5121	292
83283	0.2792	142
83279	0.2629	147
83282	0.1280	63
83281	0.0904	25
83284	0.0520	18

Top tissues by expression

124 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	92.87	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	92.49	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	92.31	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	92.27	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	90.99	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	87.57	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	87.13	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	86.71	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	85.38	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	85.02	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	85.00	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	84.73	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	84.31	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	83.93	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	83.83	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	83.79	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	83.58	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	82.34	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	81.75	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	81.25	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	81.19	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	80.71	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	80.66	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	80.58	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	80.38	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	80.22	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	80.10	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	79.85	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	79.80	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	79.63	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.55

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

5 targets.

Target	Regulation
HOXA4
HOXA5	Activation
ITGB1	Activation
TH	Unknown
TTF1

JASPAR motifs

Motif	Name	Family
MA1496.1	HOXA4	HOX
MA1496.2	HOXA4	HOX

JASPAR matrix evidence (PMIDs): PMID:7901228

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): HOXA1, HOXA4, HOXA5, PDX1, RARA, SP1, TFAP2A

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

70 targeting HOXA4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-4487	99.96	64.58	1252
HSA-MIR-6825-5P	99.96	69.81	3431
HSA-MIR-22-3P	99.93	68.13	917
HSA-MIR-4778-3P	99.93	70.40	1818
HSA-LET-7A-2-3P	99.87	70.53	1921
HSA-LET-7G-3P	99.85	70.43	1929
HSA-MIR-4307	99.82	70.45	3374
HSA-MIR-6785-5P	99.82	68.68	4428
HSA-MIR-4694-3P	99.79	69.53	2640
HSA-MIR-2052	99.79	69.37	2031
HSA-MIR-92A-2-5P	99.75	67.01	2164
HSA-MIR-1255A	99.74	68.09	744
HSA-MIR-1255B-5P	99.74	68.16	741
HSA-MIR-6745	99.74	65.33	1321
HSA-MIR-33A-3P	99.70	70.27	3362
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-466	99.67	70.85	2863
HSA-MIR-4516	99.61	67.78	3390
HSA-MIR-6733-3P	99.54	67.80	1281
HSA-MIR-7159-5P	99.53	72.12	2472
HSA-MIR-409-3P	99.50	66.33	1192
HSA-MIR-6740-3P	99.48	68.49	1392
HSA-MIR-1275	99.47	67.90	2749
HSA-MIR-582-5P	99.47	70.79	2635
HSA-MIR-302A-5P	99.39	68.21	1913

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 22)

• upregulated significantly in acute myeloid leukemia patients with a white blood cell count higher than 30 x 10(9)/L cells. (PMID:12031912)
• aberrant DNA methylation may have a major role in the control of HOXA4 gene expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (PMID:16688227)
• analysis of the role of deregulated PcG genes in acute myeloid leukemia, and the downstream PcG targets HOXA4, HOXA9 and MEIS1 (PMID:18410541)
• combination of low HOXA4 and low MEIS1 gene expression is a favourable predictor for outcome in all AML patients and that the expression levels are governed by the methylation state of these genes. (PMID:19563517)
• Results confirm that HOXA4 inhibits cell motility, show that it suppresses cell spreading and filopodia formation while enhancing cell-cell adhesion, and suggest a role for beta1 integrin in mediating these changes. (PMID:19723874)
• Studies suggest that HOXA4, HOXA5 and HOXB4 provide the spatial information needed to restrict the response to signals from the notochord, and not up regulated in pancreatic cancer. (PMID:21546695)
• HOXA4 showed nuclear & perinuclear staining in endothelial & smooth muscle cells in aorta. Spatial variation in expression in human aortas persisted into adulthood. Downregulation of HOXA4 expression was associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm. (PMID:21627813)
• promoter hypermethylation of HOXA4 gene could be an epigenetic mechanism mediating IM resistance in CML patients. (PMID:23484077)
• The NK AML patients with NPM1 mutations exhibited elevated HOXA4 methylation and expression levels of HOXA5 and MEIS1 compared with the NPM1 wildtype patients. (PMID:25585874)
• HOXA4 increases short-term repopulation to higher levels than HOXB4, which may involve Notch signaling to induce self-renewal of primitive hematopoietic cells (PMID:26166023)
• Overexpression of HOXA4 and HOXA9 contributes to self-renewal and overpopulation of stem cells in colorectal cancers. (PMID:28464221)
• HOXA4 may play a role in regulating human growth by epigenetic mechanisms. (PMID:29146936)
• HOXA4/HOXB3 gene expression-based risk score may be useful for prognostic risk stratification and warrants prospective validation in HGSOC patients. (PMID:29402501)
• these data suggest that HOXA4 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in lung cancer, and its overexpression could inhibit lung cancer progression in part by promoting GSK3beta transcription. (PMID:29700285)
• This study evaluated the methylation level and gene expression of HOXA4 and IGF1, which showed increased DNA methylation and decreased expression in breast cancer. HOXA4 and IGF1 are promising biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer. (PMID:30203578)
• The results indicated that completely different sets of transcription factors coregulate HOXA4 and HOXD10 (but not HOXA9) and their expression-correlated genes. (PMID:30552679)
• Aberrant DNA methylation at HOXA4 and HOXA5 genes are associated with resistance to imatinib mesylate among chronic myeloid leukemia patients. (PMID:32721103)
• Epigenome-wide analysis reveals functional modulators of drug sensitivity and post-treatment survival in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. (PMID:33082556)
• MiR-150 Attenuates Maladaptive Cardiac Remodeling Mediated by Long Noncoding RNA MIAT and Directly Represses Profibrotic Hoxa4. (PMID:35000421)
• Expression Landscape and Functional Roles of HOXA4 and HOXA5 in Lung Adenocarcinoma. (PMID:35370463)
• High expression of HOXA4 in patients with glioma indicates unfavorable clinical outcomes. (PMID:35852388)
• lncRNA HOTAIRM1 Activated by HOXA4 Drives HUVEC Proliferation Through Direct Interaction with Protein Partner HSPA5. (PMID:37898994)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Hoxa4	ENSMUSG00000000942
rattus_norvegicus	Hoxa4	ENSRNOG00000027365

Paralogs (42): HOXA11 (ENSG00000005073), HOXC8 (ENSG00000037965), HOXA1 (ENSG00000105991), HOXA2 (ENSG00000105996), HOXA3 (ENSG00000105997), HOXA5 (ENSG00000106004), HOXA6 (ENSG00000106006), HOXA13 (ENSG00000106031), TLX1 (ENSG00000107807), HOXB6 (ENSG00000108511), TLX2 (ENSG00000115297), HOXB8 (ENSG00000120068), HOXB5 (ENSG00000120075), HOXB3 (ENSG00000120093), HOXB1 (ENSG00000120094), HOXA7 (ENSG00000122592), HOXC13 (ENSG00000123364), HOXC11 (ENSG00000123388), HOXC12 (ENSG00000123407), HOXD1 (ENSG00000128645), HOXD3 (ENSG00000128652), HOXD9 (ENSG00000128709), HOXD10 (ENSG00000128710), HOXD11 (ENSG00000128713), HOXD13 (ENSG00000128714), PDX1 (ENSG00000139515), HOXB13 (ENSG00000159184), TLX3 (ENSG00000164438), HOXD4 (ENSG00000170166), HOXD12 (ENSG00000170178), HOXB9 (ENSG00000170689), HOXC5 (ENSG00000172789), HOXB2 (ENSG00000173917), HOXD8 (ENSG00000175879), GSX2 (ENSG00000180613), HOXC9 (ENSG00000180806), HOXC10 (ENSG00000180818), HOXB4 (ENSG00000182742), HOXC6 (ENSG00000197757), HOXC4 (ENSG00000198353)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Homeobox protein Hox-A4 — Q00056 (reviewed: Q00056)

Alternative names: Homeobox protein Hox-1.4, Homeobox protein Hox-1D

All UniProt accessions (2): Q00056, H0YHX3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Binds to sites in the 5’-flanking sequence of its coding region with various affinities. The consensus sequences of the high and low affinity binding sites are 5’-TAATGA[CG]-3’ and 5’-CTAATTTT-3'.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Embryonic nervous system.

Similarity. Belongs to the Antp homeobox family. Deformed subfamily.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_002132* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001356	HD	Domain
IPR001827	Homeobox_Antennapedia_CS	Conserved_site
IPR009057	Homeodomain-like_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR017970	Homeobox_CS	Conserved_site
IPR017995	Homeobox_antennapedia	Family
IPR020479	HD_metazoa	Domain
IPR050609	Antp_homeobox_Deformed_sf	Family

Pfam: PF00046

UniProt features (20 total): sequence variant 6, compositionally biased region 5, sequence conflict 3, region of interest 3, chain 1, DNA-binding region 1, short sequence motif 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q00056-F1	63.88	0.21

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5617472	Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis

MSigDB gene sets: 168 (showing top): VALK_AML_WITH_FLT3_ITD, GOBP_EMBRYO_DEVELOPMENT_ENDING_IN_BIRTH_OR_EGG_HATCHING, MULLIGHAN_NPM1_SIGNATURE_3_UP, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, GOBP_SKELETAL_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GGGNRMNNYCAT_UNKNOWN, GOBP_EMBRYONIC_SKELETAL_SYSTEM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_EMBRYONIC_SKELETAL_SYSTEM_MORPHOGENESIS, NIKOLSKY_OVERCONNECTED_IN_BREAST_CANCER, USF_C, EFC_Q6, GOBP_ANIMAL_ORGAN_MORPHOGENESIS, NKX62_Q2, FREAC3_01, ROSS_LEUKEMIA_WITH_MLL_FUSIONS

GO Biological Process (6): anatomical structure morphogenesis (GO:0009653), anterior/posterior pattern specification (GO:0009952), positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944), embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis (GO:0048704), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357)

GO Molecular Function (5): RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978), DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding (GO:1990837), DNA binding (GO:0003677), DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700)

GO Cellular Component (4): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nuclear body (GO:0016604), nucleus (GO:0005634)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Activation of HOX genes during differentiation	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	2
transcription by RNA polymerase II	2
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	2
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
developmental process	1
anatomical structure development	1
regionalization	1
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
embryonic organ morphogenesis	1
skeletal system morphogenesis	1
embryonic skeletal system development	1
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	1
chromatin	1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	1
double-stranded DNA binding	1
sequence-specific DNA binding	1
nucleic acid binding	1
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	1
transcription regulator activity	1
chromosome	1
nuclear lumen	1
nucleoplasm	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

866 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
HOXA4	PGAM2	P15259	715
HOXA4	DNAL4	O96015	712
HOXA4	PRSS58	Q8IYP2	549
HOXA4	PRSS1	P07477	511
HOXA4	NUP98	P52948	509
HOXA4	GALK1	P51570	493
HOXA4	HOXD10	P28358	493
HOXA4	HOXD9	P28356	492
HOXA4	MEIS1	O00470	462
HOXA4	ZNF718	Q3SXZ3	435
HOXA4	DGKK	Q5KSL6	421
HOXA4	HOXA11	P31270	370
HOXA4	HOXA13	P31271	370
HOXA4	ITPR1	Q14643	360
HOXA4	MAMLD1	Q13495	360

IntAct

4 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
BMI1	MEIS3P1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HOXA4	RABGAP1L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RNH1	DUSP11	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (12): SIRT5 (Affinity Capture-MS), ANKHD1-EIF4EBP3 (Affinity Capture-MS), C4A (Affinity Capture-MS), ANKRD17 (Affinity Capture-MS), SNAPC4 (Affinity Capture-MS), RABGAP1L (Affinity Capture-MS), LRP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), RABGAP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), HOXA4 (Affinity Capture-MS), HOXA4 (Affinity Capture-MS), HOXA4 (Positive Genetic), HOXA4 (Proximity Label-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1YER7, A1YF08, A1YFD8, A1YFY3, A1YG01, A1YG85, A2D4P8, A2D4R4, A2D5I1, A2D649, A2T6H5, A2T6X6, A2T6Z0, A2T748, A2T756, A2T7H5, A2T7J2, P06798, P09016, P09017, P09023, P09024, P10284, P10628, P13378, P14653, P17277, P17483, P17509, P18111, P18864, P23463, P23813, P31259, P31275, P31276, P31277, P31310, P47902, P50207

Diamond homologs: A1YER7, A1YFA5, A1YFD8, A1YFY3, A2D4P8, A2D5I1, A2D5K9, A2D5Y4, A2T6X6, A2T7F3, O13074, O42504, O57374, P02830, P02832, P02833, P04476, P06798, P07548, P09013, P09014, P09016, P09017, P09019, P09020, P09021, P09023, P09024, P09067, P09070, P09071, P09074, P09077, P09079, P09092, P09629, P09630, P10284, P10628, P10629

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

6 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	6
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

302 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:27130113:CGTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
7:27130114:GTACC:G	donor_loss	1.0000
7:27130116:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
7:27130117:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
7:27130117:CCG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:27130117:CCGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
7:27129568:TTAA:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:27129569:TAA:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:27129569:TAAC:T	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:27129570:AA:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:27129571:ACTGA:A	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:27129572:C:CA	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:27129572:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:27129573:T:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
7:27129581:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:27129581:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
7:27130116:AC:A	donor_gain	0.9900
7:27130116:ACCGG:A	donor_gain	0.9900
7:27130117:CC:C	donor_gain	0.9900
7:27130117:CCGGC:C	donor_gain	0.9900
7:27129517:CGGG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
7:27129567:GTTAA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
7:27129582:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.9800
7:27129589:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9800
7:27129589:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9700
7:27129590:G:T	acceptor_gain	0.9600
7:27129593:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.9600
7:27129603:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.9600
7:27129616:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9600
7:27129516:CCGGG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9500

AlphaMissense

2042 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:27129372:T:A	K272N	1.000
7:27129372:T:G	K272N	1.000
7:27129373:T:A	K272I	1.000
7:27129375:C:A	K271N	1.000
7:27129375:C:G	K271N	1.000
7:27129377:T:C	K271E	1.000
7:27129381:C:A	K269N	1.000
7:27129381:C:G	K269N	1.000
7:27129383:T:C	K269E	1.000
7:27129384:C:A	M268I	1.000
7:27129384:C:G	M268I	1.000
7:27129384:C:T	M268I	1.000
7:27129385:A:C	M268R	1.000
7:27129385:A:G	M268T	1.000
7:27129385:A:T	M268K	1.000
7:27129387:C:A	R267S	1.000
7:27129387:C:G	R267S	1.000
7:27129388:C:A	R267M	1.000
7:27129388:C:G	R267T	1.000
7:27129389:T:C	R267G	1.000
7:27129391:C:G	R266P	1.000
7:27129392:G:C	R266G	1.000
7:27129393:G:C	N265K	1.000
7:27129393:G:T	N265K	1.000
7:27129394:T:A	N265I	1.000
7:27129394:T:C	N265S	1.000
7:27129394:T:G	N265T	1.000
7:27129395:T:C	N265D	1.000
7:27129395:T:G	N265H	1.000
7:27129396:C:A	Q264H	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1001379085 (7:27128387 T>A), RS1001544497 (7:27128830 A>G), RS1002143143 (7:27128852 T>A), RS1002822603 (7:27132201 G>T), RS1002855171 (7:27131921 A>G), RS1004895213 (7:27132231 C>G), RS1004926223 (7:27131835 C>T), RS1005075726 (7:27130981 C>G,T), RS1006043220 (7:27132696 G>A), RS1006490029 (7:27132361 G>A), RS1006812227 (7:27131207 C>G,T), RS1008933618 (7:27130965 C>A), RS1009233580 (7:27129662 A>G), RS1009733011 (7:27129916 G>A,C), RS1011672119 (7:27131850 T>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:142953 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
microtia with meatal atresia and conductive deafness	Limited	Autosomal dominant

Mondo (1): microtia with meatal atresia and conductive deafness (MONDO:0009634)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002563_9	Hypospadias	1.000000e-11
GCST004343_3	Chronic venous disease	3.000000e-07

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C537469	Microtia, meatal atresia and conductive deafness (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

30 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Tretinoin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	3
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
terbufos	increases methylation	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
cupric chloride	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
MRK 003	decreases expression	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
2,3,5-trichloro-6-phenyl-(1,4)benzoquinone	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	affects methylation, increases abundance	1
Vehicle Emissions	increases abundance, affects methylation	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Carmustine	decreases expression	1
Fonofos	increases methylation	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Nitrogen Dioxide	affects methylation, increases abundance	1
Parathion	increases methylation	1
Quercetin	decreases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Triclosan	increases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Asbestos, Crocidolite	decreases methylation	1
Asbestos, Amosite	decreases methylation	1
Antirheumatic Agents	increases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.