HRK

Summary

HRK (harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein, HGNC:5185) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q24.22, encoding Activator of apoptosis harakiri (O00198). Promotes apoptosis.

This gene encodes a member of the BCL-2 protein family. Members of this family are involved in activating or inhibiting apoptosis. The encoded protein localizes to intracellular membranes. This protein promotes apoptosis by interacting with the apoptotic inhibitors BCL-2 and BCL-X(L) via its BH3 domain. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 8739 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 18
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 22 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_003806

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:5185
Approved symbol	HRK
Name	harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein
Location	12q24.22
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	DP5
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000135116
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	603447
Entrez	8739

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 2 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000257572, ENST00000550505, ENST00000552092, ENST00000586941

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_003806 NM_003806

CCDS: CCDS9181

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000257572 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000918061	116880976	116881441
ENSE00001092234	116856144	116861466

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 161 present calls, max score 88.77.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 1.3061 / max 83.3489, expressed in 469 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
133486	0.7133	292
206917	0.3520	202
133483	0.1302	42
133485	0.0807	31
133484	0.0299	11

Top tissues by expression

272 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	88.77	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	86.76	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	81.63	silver quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	81.47	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	80.24	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	78.01	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	74.56	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	74.32	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	73.04	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	72.94	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	72.70	silver quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	72.48	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	71.41	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	71.39	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	71.26	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	71.17	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	71.04	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	70.84	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	70.60	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	70.17	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	70.15	silver quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	69.59	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	69.59	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	69.53	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	69.04	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	68.59	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	68.26	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	68.12	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	68.12	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	67.83	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.51

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AHR, ATF2, ATF4, E2F1, JUN, KCNIP3, PAX1, RPS3, TFAP2A, TFDP2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

54 targeting HRK, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-6870-5P	99.99	68.55	2115
HSA-MIR-3185	99.99	68.12	1959
HSA-MIR-1184	99.99	68.19	1458
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-4723-5P	99.97	68.70	2034
HSA-MIR-5698	99.97	68.49	2029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P	99.97	68.48	2062
HSA-MIR-1468-3P	99.96	72.74	3797
HSA-MIR-545-3P	99.95	70.74	2783
HSA-MIR-3910	99.95	71.13	2227
HSA-MIR-450B-5P	99.92	71.48	3175
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-498-3P	99.91	71.27	1114
HSA-MIR-5682	99.89	72.56	1005
HSA-MIR-4447	99.85	67.81	2900
HSA-MIR-765	99.84	68.24	2442
HSA-MIR-544A	99.84	68.66	1965
HSA-MIR-3121-3P	99.82	71.96	3630
HSA-MIR-4495	99.82	72.08	3080
HSA-MIR-7110-5P	99.80	67.84	1712
HSA-MIR-11181-3P	99.75	66.38	2205
HSA-MIR-1197	99.70	67.75	1027
HSA-MIR-4472	99.56	66.08	1478
HSA-MIR-3120-3P	99.54	70.28	2669

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 21)

• Hrk is involved in the induction of apoptosis in RGCs after optic nerve transection. (PMID:11796190)
• apoptosis inducers as diverse as oncoprotein inhibitors and cell death receptor activators trigger Hrk expression via blockade of DREAM in leukemia cells (PMID:12217801)
• Data report that human oocytes and fragmenting preimplantation embryos possess transcripts encoding Harakiri and caspase-3. (PMID:12606589)
• HRK is a target of epigenetic inactivation in colorectal and gastric cancer (PMID:14695142)
• The interaction between HRK and cellular protein p32 was studied. HRK-induced apoptosis was suppresssed by the expression of p32 mutants lacking the N-terminal sequences 74-282 and the C-terminal sequences 1-221. (PMID:15031724)
• HRK appears to be inactivated principally by promoter hypermethylation in prostate cancers and decreased expression may play an important role in tumor progression by modulating apoptotic cell death (PMID:18008329)
• in response to PAHs, Ahr-mediated activation of the harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein (contains only BH3 domain), was necessary for execution of cell death. (PMID:18037991)
• Aberrant 5’-CpG methylation status and loss of heterozygosity on 12q13.1 are associated with HRK expression in human malignancies, including prostate cancers, astrocytic tumors and primary central nervous system lymphomas. Review. (PMID:19641496)
• analysis of a novel interaction between Bcl-2 members Diva and Harakiri (PMID:21209886)
• These results are used to propose a tentative structural model of how Harakiri works. (PMID:21731739)
• Data suggest that DP5 and PUMA/BBC3 (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis/bcl-2-binding component 3) contribute to palmitate-induced apoptosis of pancreatic beta-cells via lipotoxic endoplasmic reticulum stress. (PMID:22773666)
• SUZ12 promotes the proliferation of human EOC cells by inhibiting apoptosis and HRK is a novel SUZ12 target gene whose upregulation contributes to apoptosis induced by SUZ12 knockdown. (PMID:22964433)
• The BH3-only protein harakiri (HRK) is transactivated by ATF4 in severe hypoxia through direct binding of ATF4 to the promoter region. (PMID:23090478)
• Diva binds peptides derived from the BH3 domain of several other proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, including mouse Harakiri, Bid, Bak and Bmf. (PMID:23192964)
• our findings suggest that induction of the BH3-only protein Hrk is a critical step in 2-ME activation of the JNK-induced apoptotic pathway, targeting mitochondria by liberating proapoptotic protein Bak. (PMID:23580416)
• miR-23a-3p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-149-5p, were downregulated by cytokines and selected for further studies. These miRNAs were found to regulate the expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins DP5 and PUMA and consequent human beta-cell apoptosis. (PMID:27737950)
• The apoptosis phenotype was partly dependent on HRK upregulation, as HRK knockdown significantly abrogated the sensitization. KDM2B-silenced tumors exhibited slower growth in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel mechanism, where the key apoptosis components are under epigenetic control of KDM2B in glioblastoma multiforme cells. (PMID:28661478)
• In individuals with susceptible genetic backgrounds, Coxsackie B viral infection alters the epigenome to activate the pathological pathways leading to polymyositis-dermatomyositis via mitochondrial dysfunction and HRK up-regulation. (PMID:31135059)
• Characterization of an alternative BAK-binding site for BH3 peptides. (PMID:32620849)
• YAP-Mediated Repression of HRK Regulates Tumor Growth, Therapy Response, and Survival Under Tumor Environmental Stress in Neuroblastoma. (PMID:32900773)
• Upregulated lncHRK2:1 prompts nucleus pulposus cell senescence in intervertebral disc degeneration. (PMID:33174041)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Hrk	ENSMUSG00000046607
rattus_norvegicus	Hrk	ENSRNOG00000079458

Protein

Protein identifiers

Activator of apoptosis harakiri — O00198 (reviewed: O00198)

Alternative names: BH3-interacting domain-containing protein 3, Neuronal death protein DP5

All UniProt accessions (2): O00198, K7EJY7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Promotes apoptosis.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with BCL2 and BCL2L1. Interacts with C1QBP.

Subcellular location. Membrane. Mitochondrion.

Domain organisation. The BH3 motif is required for the induction of cell death.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_003797* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR017249	Apoptosis_activator_harakiri	Family
IPR020728	Bcl2_BH3_motif_CS	Conserved_site

Pfam: PF15196

UniProt features (5 total): helix 2, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, short sequence motif 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

7 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9UGP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.39
7P0U	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.99
6XY4	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.05
9LI8	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.32
9LGU	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.97
2L58	SOLUTION NMR
2L5B	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O00198-F1	72.65	0.14

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 167 (showing top): RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, SCHLESINGER_METHYLATED_DE_NOVO_IN_CANCER, TAL1ALPHAE47_01, LHX3_01, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_ORGANELLE_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_RELEASE_OF_CYTOCHROME_C_FROM_MITOCHONDRIA, NKX61_01, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_MITOCHONDRION_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_BIOGENESIS, GOBP_APOPTOTIC_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, TGCTGAY_UNKNOWN, BILD_E2F3_ONCOGENIC_SIGNATURE, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_RELEASE_OF_CYTOCHROME_C_FROM_MITOCHONDRIA

GO Biological Process (7): apoptotic process (GO:0006915), positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly (GO:0031334), positive regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043065), positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process (GO:0043525), cellular response to potassium ion starvation (GO:0051365), positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria (GO:0090200), regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0042981)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (2): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
apoptotic process	2
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	1
positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis	1
positive regulation of cellular component organization	1
protein-containing complex assembly	1
regulation of apoptotic process	1
positive regulation of programmed cell death	1
positive regulation of apoptotic process	1
regulation of neuron apoptotic process	1
neuron apoptotic process	1
cellular response to starvation	1
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	1
positive regulation of organelle organization	1
regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	1
regulation of programmed cell death	1
binding	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

518 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
HRK	BCL2L1	Q07817	997
HRK	BCL2	P10415	996
HRK	MCL1	Q07820	982
HRK	BIK	Q13323	968
HRK	BCL2L2-PABPN1	Q92843	968
HRK	BCL2A1	Q16548	919
HRK	TFDP3	Q5H9I0	916
HRK	PMAIP1	Q13794	883
HRK	BMF	Q96LC9	832
HRK	BCL2L11	O43521	805
HRK	APC	P25054	786
HRK	DPP8	Q6V1X1	755
HRK	BCL2L10	Q9HD36	718
HRK	BOK	Q9UMX3	709
HRK	RTL10	Q7L3V2	696

IntAct

17 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
HRK	BCL2L1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.700
BCL2L1	HRK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.700
HRK	BCL2L1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.700
HRK	C1QBP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
C1QBP	HRK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.600
C1QBP	HRK	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.600
BCL2L1	HRK	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
BCL2L2	HRK	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
HRK	Bcl2a1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
HRK	C1QBP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
Bcl2l1	HRK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
MCL1	HRK	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370

BioGRID (24): HRK (Protein-peptide), HRK (Protein-peptide), HRK (Protein-peptide), HRK (Protein-peptide), HRK (Protein-peptide), HRK (Protein-peptide), HRK (FRET), BCL2 (Two-hybrid), BCL2L1 (Two-hybrid), BCL2 (Affinity Capture-Western), BCL2L1 (Affinity Capture-Western), BCL2L1 (Affinity Capture-Western), HRK (Affinity Capture-Western), HRK (Negative Genetic), HRK (Negative Genetic)

ESM2 similar proteins: A8E4L3, B9VXK4, E9Q5Z5, F5H9F9, F5HC16, O00198, O40955, P03189, P08314, P0C171, P10212, P10230, P13889, P16731, P16763, P16812, P17587, P27416, P27593, P27599, P36342, P36343, P36385, P89439, P89440, P89451, P89457, P89466, Q00660, Q1HVH8, Q2VPJ9, Q3KSU7, Q66665, Q66671, Q6P1X6, Q6SWA4, Q6UDG2, Q6VUC0, Q6VUP9, Q6X2U2

Diamond homologs: O00198, P62816, P62817

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
HRK	down-regulates	BCL2	binding
HRK	down-regulates	BCL2L1	binding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

22 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	20
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

764 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:116861370:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
12:116880971:CGTA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
12:116880972:GTAC:G	donor_loss	0.9900
12:116880973:TACC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
12:116880974:A:T	donor_loss	0.9900
12:116880975:C:A	donor_loss	0.9900
12:116880901:T:A	donor_gain	0.9800
12:116861313:C:A	donor_gain	0.9700
12:116861364:T:A	donor_gain	0.9700
12:116861312:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9600
12:116863175:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9500
12:116874985:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9500
12:116861462:CCAAC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9400
12:116861463:CAACC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9400
12:116879072:CACA:C	donor_gain	0.9400
12:116861465:ACCTG:A	acceptor_loss	0.9300
12:116861466:CCT:C	acceptor_loss	0.9300
12:116861468:T:G	acceptor_loss	0.9300
12:116875363:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9300
12:116879072:CA:C	donor_gain	0.9300
12:116880893:TGCC:T	donor_gain	0.9300
12:116880970:GCGT:G	donor_loss	0.9200
12:116879071:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9100
12:116879072:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9100
12:116879451:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9100
12:116860637:C:CT	donor_gain	0.9000
12:116861463:CAAC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9000
12:116879380:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9000
12:116880894:G:A	donor_gain	0.9000
12:116880974:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9000

AlphaMissense

557 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:116881198:A:T	L37H	0.981
12:116881187:C:G	G41R	0.978
12:116881187:C:A	G41C	0.976
12:116881084:G:T	A75D	0.975
12:116881186:C:A	G41V	0.972
12:116881186:C:T	G41D	0.964
12:116881198:A:G	L37P	0.964
12:116881177:A:G	L44P	0.951
12:116881072:G:T	A79E	0.945
12:116881298:A:G	C4R	0.933
12:116881087:G:T	A74E	0.930
12:116881296:G:C	C4W	0.927
12:116881194:C:A	K38N	0.923
12:116881194:C:G	K38N	0.923
12:116881063:G:T	A82E	0.922
12:116881081:G:T	A76E	0.918
12:116881260:G:C	C16W	0.916
12:116881097:A:G	W71R	0.914
12:116881097:A:T	W71R	0.914
12:116881302:G:C	C2W	0.914
12:116881254:G:C	C18W	0.912
12:116881069:G:T	A80E	0.908
12:116881183:T:A	D42V	0.906
12:116881184:C:G	D42H	0.905
12:116881075:A:T	V78E	0.902
12:116881189:A:G	L40P	0.898
12:116881256:A:G	C18R	0.896
12:116881091:A:G	C73R	0.891
12:116881168:C:G	R47P	0.889
12:116881054:A:G	L85P	0.888

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000008855 (12:116860850 G>A), RS1000081853 (12:116860512 C>G,T), RS1000167863 (12:116881270 G>A,C,T), RS1000233369 (12:116866618 T>C), RS1000365510 (12:116873570 A>C,T), RS1000439156 (12:116873171 T>A,C), RS1000475544 (12:116880072 C>A), RS1000557915 (12:116870179 A>C), RS1000677056 (12:116866396 A>G), RS1000686906 (12:116881450 T>C), RS1000703921 (12:116871758 G>A), RS1000888148 (12:116878589 C>A), RS1000979364 (12:116865413 G>A), RS1001212563 (12:116878845 A>C), RS1001655659 (12:116859454 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:603447 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

18 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001280_5	Alzheimer’s disease (age of onset)	3.000000e-06
GCST001481_2	Brain structure	7.000000e-16
GCST001485_4	Hippocampal volume	3.000000e-11
GCST002756_12	Subcortical brain region volumes	7.000000e-10
GCST002756_6	Subcortical brain region volumes	3.000000e-15
GCST003961_1	Hippocampal volume	2.000000e-25
GCST006870_7	Hippocampal tail volume	2.000000e-19
GCST006871_6	Total hippocampal volume	2.000000e-35
GCST006872_1	Presubiculum volume (corrected for total hippocampal volume)	2.000000e-15
GCST006885_1	Presubiculum volume	1.000000e-11
GCST006886_1	Subiculum volume	1.000000e-17
GCST006887_1	Hippocampal subfield CA1 volume	7.000000e-28
GCST006888_3	Hippocampal subfield CA3 volume	2.000000e-15
GCST006889_2	Hippocampal subfield CA4 volume	2.000000e-24
GCST006890_1	Dentate gyrus granule cell layer volume	9.000000e-26
GCST006891_5	Dentate gyrus molecular layer volume	2.000000e-25
GCST006894_1	HATA volume	4.000000e-13
GCST010703_5	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	4.000000e-32

EFO canonical traits (7, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004847	age at onset
EFO:0005035	hippocampal volume
EFO:0009394	hippocampal CA1 volume
EFO:0009395	hippocampal CA3 volume
EFO:0009396	hippocampal CA4 volume
EFO:0009401	hippocampal amigdala transition area volume
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

71 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	decreases methylation, decreases expression, increases expression, affects cotreatment	3
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
sphingosine 1-phosphate	increases expression, decreases reaction	2
entinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether	increases expression	2
Arsenic Trioxide	increases expression	2
Leflunomide	increases expression	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Cisplatin	affects expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Copper	affects binding, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Rotenone	affects response to substance, increases expression	2
Smoke	increases expression, decreases expression	2
Valproic Acid	increases expression, decreases expression	2
Asbestos, Crocidolite	decreases expression, affects expression	2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
afuresertib	increases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
decabromobiphenyl ether	affects expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
o,p’-DDT	increases expression	1
3,3’-diindolylmethane	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
pentanal	increases expression	1
cordycepin	affects expression	1
N-acetylsphingosine	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
usnic acid	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	increases reaction, affects binding	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.