HS3ST3A1

Summary

HS3ST3A1 (heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3A1, HGNC:5196) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17p12, encoding Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A1 (Q9Y663). Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N-unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate.

Heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzymes are key components in generating a myriad of distinct heparan sulfate fine structures that carry out multiple biologic activities. The enzyme encoded by this gene is a member of the heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme family. It is a type II integral membrane protein and possesses heparan sulfate glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase activity. The sulfotransferase domain of this enzyme is highly similar to the same domain of heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B1, and these two enzymes sulfate an identical disaccharide. This gene is widely expressed, with the most abundant expression in liver and placenta.

Source: NCBI Gene 9955 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 9
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 76 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_006042

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:5196
Approved symbol	HS3ST3A1
Name	heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3A1
Location	17p12
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	3OST3A1, 30ST3A1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000153976
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604057
Entrez	9955

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 2 protein_coding

ENST00000284110, ENST00000578576

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_006042 NM_006042

CCDS: CCDS11165

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000284110 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001013372	13494032	13496818
ENSE00001220529	13600531	13601929

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 176 present calls, max score 93.63.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 5.5176 / max 127.3264, expressed in 1066 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
164652	5.1391	1062
164650	0.1898	111
164651	0.1887	106

Top tissues by expression

269 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
cartilage tissue	UBERON:0002418	93.63	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	92.31	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	89.25	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	88.42	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	87.94	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	85.72	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	83.78	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	82.80	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	82.41	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	81.53	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	80.98	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	80.17	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	79.77	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	77.32	silver quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	76.06	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	75.92	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	73.18	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	72.90	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	72.84	silver quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	71.62	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	71.48	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	71.29	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	70.56	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	70.15	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	69.48	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	68.59	gold quality
periodontal ligament	UBERON:0008266	68.57	silver quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	68.51	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	67.27	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	67.23	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8271	yes	6.66
E-CURD-10	no	122.80
E-ANND-3	no	3.18

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

147 targeting HS3ST3A1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-656-3P	100.00	72.15	2788
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-6873-3P	100.00	71.42	2626
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-302E	99.96	70.74	2669
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P	99.96	73.38	5345
HSA-MIR-551B-5P	99.96	71.28	3493
HSA-MIR-23A-3P	99.95	74.24	3163
HSA-MIR-23B-3P	99.95	74.24	3163
HSA-MIR-23C	99.95	73.92	3192
HSA-LET-7C-3P	99.95	73.42	2862
HSA-MIR-548J-3P	99.94	72.61	4881

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• Genetic variants of HS3ST3A1 and HS3ST3B1 are associated with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia. (PMID:22475533)
• decreased in pre-eclamptic placental tissue (PMID:26410339)
• Our findings define 3-OST3A as a novel regulator of breast cancer pathogenicity, displaying tumor-suppressive or oncogenic activities in a cell- and tumor-dependent context, and demonstrate the clinical value of the HS-O-sulfotransferase 3-OST3A as a prognostic marker in HER2+ patients. (PMID:27041583)
• Detection of MUC1 and HS3ST2 promoter methylation status appears to be useful molecular markers for assessing the progressive state of the disease and could be helpful in discriminating breast cancer molecular subtypes. These results validate the methylation-based microarray analysis, thus trust their output in the future. (PMID:28618938)

Cross-species orthologs

7 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	hs3st1l2	ENSDARG00000035578
danio_rerio	si:dkey-121b10.7	ENSDARG00000059948
danio_rerio	hs3st3b1a	ENSDARG00000099149
mus_musculus	Hs3st3a1	ENSMUSG00000047759
rattus_norvegicus	Hs3st3a1	ENSRNOG00000024591
drosophila_melanogaster	sfl	FBGN0020251
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00002028

Paralogs (10): HS3ST1 (ENSG00000002587), NDST1 (ENSG00000070614), HS3ST2 (ENSG00000122254), HS3ST3B1 (ENSG00000125430), NDST4 (ENSG00000138653), HS3ST6 (ENSG00000162040), NDST3 (ENSG00000164100), NDST2 (ENSG00000166507), HS3ST4 (ENSG00000182601), HS3ST5 (ENSG00000249853)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A1 — Q9Y663 (reviewed: Q9Y663)

Alternative names: Heparan sulfate D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase 3A1

All UniProt accessions (2): Q9Y663, J3KSX5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3’-phospho-5’-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N-unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Catalyzes the O-sulfation of glucosamine in IdoUA2S-GlcNS and also in IdoUA2S-GlcNH2. The substrate-specific O-sulfation generates an enzyme-modified heparan sulfate which acts as a binding receptor to Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and permits its entry. Unlike HS3ST1/3-OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate.

Subcellular location. Golgi apparatus membrane.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitous. Most abundant in heart and placenta, followed by liver and kidney.

Similarity. Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_006033* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000863	Sulfotransferase_dom	Domain
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR037359	NST/OST	Family

Pfam: PF00685

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.8.2.30 — [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 3 (BRENDA: 5 organisms, 27 substrates, 0 inhibitors, 1 Km, 0 kcat entries)

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• alpha-D-glucosaminyl-heparan sulfate + 3’-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = 3-sulfo-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-heparan sulfate + adenosine 3’,5’-bisphosphate + H(+) (RHEA:15461)

UniProt features (71 total): mutagenesis site 23, helix 16, binding site 10, strand 10, compositionally biased region 3, topological domain 2, glycosylation site 2, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, disulfide bond 1, region of interest 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6XKG	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.55
1T8T	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.85
1T8U	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
6XL8	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.34

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9Y663-F1	82.14	0.68

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (10): 184–190; 215–218; 243; 251; 255–259; 283–284; 367–370; 368–372; 162–166; 166

Disulfide bonds (1): 351–363

Glycosylation sites (2): 273, 344

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (23):

Position	Phenotype
161	99.6% loss of enzymatic activity.
162	99.6% loss of enzymatic activity; no hsv1 entry activity.
166	99.8% loss of enzymatic activity.
170	17% loss of enzymatic activity.
173	44.1% loss of enzymatic activity.
182	no effect on enzymatic activity.
184	99.9% loss of enzymatic activity.
186	abolishes enzymatic activity.
189	99.1% loss of enzymatic activity.
190	32% loss of enzymatic activity.
194	99.5% loss of enzymatic activity.
215	99.9% loss of enzymatic activity.
218	23.3% loss of enzymatic activity.
224	47.6% loss of enzymatic activity.
255	99.6% loss of enzymatic activity.
259	48.3% loss of enzymatic activity.
288	65% loss of enzymatic activity.
293	33.6% loss of enzymatic activity.
362	no effect on enzymatic activity.
365	43% loss of enzymatic activity.
366	99.8% loss of enzymatic activity.
368	99.9% loss of enzymatic activity.
370	99.2% loss of enzymatic activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-2022928	HS-GAG biosynthesis

MSigDB gene sets: 180 (showing top): ATF_B, GOBP_MORPHOGENESIS_OF_AN_EPITHELIUM, RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, chr17p12, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, WALLACE_PROSTATE_CANCER_RACE_UP, GOBP_KIDNEY_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, USF_C, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_AMINOGLYCAN_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, CDP_01, GOBP_ANIMAL_ORGAN_MORPHOGENESIS, GOBP_NEPHRON_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, ATF1_Q6, GOBP_HEPARAN_SULFATE_PROTEOGLYCAN_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (3): branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis (GO:0001658), glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process (GO:0006024), heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process (GO:0015012)

GO Molecular Function (3): sulfotransferase activity (GO:0008146), [heparan sulfate]-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase activity (GO:0008467), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (3): Golgi membrane (GO:0000139), membrane (GO:0016020), Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Heparan sulfate/heparin (HS-GAG) metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube	1
ureteric bud morphogenesis	1
aminoglycan biosynthetic process	1
glycosaminoglycan metabolic process	1
proteoglycan biosynthetic process	1
heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process	1
protein O-linked glycosylation via xylose	1
transferase activity, transferring sulphur-containing groups	1
heparan sulfate sulfotransferase activity	1
catalytic activity	1
Golgi apparatus	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

372 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
HS3ST3A1	SULT1C4	O75897	838
HS3ST3A1	SULT1B1	O43704	834
HS3ST3A1	SULT1C3	Q6IMI6	833
HS3ST3A1	HS2ST1	Q7LGA3	644
HS3ST3A1	HS6ST2	Q96MM7	557
HS3ST3A1	HS6ST1	O60243	547
HS3ST3A1	HS6ST3	Q8IZP7	518
HS3ST3A1	GLCE	O94923	506
HS3ST3A1	UST	Q9Y2C2	501
HS3ST3A1	K7EP71	K7EP71	486
HS3ST3A1	XYLT1	Q86Y38	476
HS3ST3A1	CHST12	Q9NRB3	436
HS3ST3A1	CSGALNACT2	Q8N6G5	429
HS3ST3A1	EXT1	Q16394	428
HS3ST3A1	CDRT15	Q96T59	417

IntAct

1 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PIPSL	C1orf226	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (3): HS3ST3A1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), HS3ST3A1 (Affinity Capture-MS), HS3ST3A1 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1A4K5, A2BGL3, D4PHA7, O43916, O88199, O95461, Q0IIY2, Q2TBF2, Q3TCT4, Q505J3, Q5DTK1, Q5NDE3, Q5NDE9, Q5NDF0, Q5NDF1, Q5NDF2, Q5QQ49, Q5QQ56, Q5QQ57, Q5REF6, Q5RJQ0, Q658N2, Q66PG1, Q66PG2, Q66PG3, Q66PG4, Q6L8S8, Q6L9W6, Q70JA7, Q7LFX5, Q7LGC8, Q80TS8, Q80XH4, Q811B1, Q86Y38, Q8BW41, Q8CHI9, Q8NAT1, Q8R4K8, Q91XQ5

Diamond homologs: O14792, O35310, O95803, O97583, Q5GFD5, Q673U1, Q80W66, Q8BKN6, Q8BSL4, Q8IZT8, Q96QI5, Q9EQW8, Q9ESG5, Q9H3R1, Q9QZS6, Q9Y278, Q9Y661, Q9Y662, Q9Y663, P52849, Q60V90, Q966W3, Q9EQH7, Q9V3L1, P52848, P52850, Q02353, Q3UHN9, Q5U4X8, Q6GQK9, Q55GK8, Q91XQ5

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

76 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	75
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1193 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
17:13496814:GGTCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:13496815:GTCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:13496816:TCC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:13496817:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:13496817:CCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:13496818:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:13496818:CCTGA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:13496819:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:13496819:C:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
17:13496820:T:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
17:13496815:GTCCC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:13496816:TCCCT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:13496817:CCCTG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:13496827:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:13546816:T:C	acceptor_gain	0.9900
17:13600557:G:C	donor_gain	0.9900
17:13600529:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9800
17:13600530:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9800
17:13581031:T:C	acceptor_gain	0.9700
17:13600525:GCTCA:G	donor_loss	0.9700
17:13600526:CTCA:C	donor_loss	0.9700
17:13600527:TCA:T	donor_loss	0.9700
17:13600529:A:AG	donor_loss	0.9700
17:13600530:CC:C	donor_loss	0.9700
17:13496829:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9600
17:13496830:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.9600
17:13497465:T:A	donor_gain	0.9500
17:13496818:CCT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9400
17:13533294:T:C	donor_gain	0.9400
17:13546816:T:TC	acceptor_gain	0.9400

AlphaMissense

2617 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
17:13496237:A:G	F394S	1.000
17:13496304:G:C	H372D	1.000
17:13496309:C:A	R370M	1.000
17:13496309:C:G	R370T	1.000
17:13496312:C:T	G369D	1.000
17:13496313:C:A	G369C	1.000
17:13496313:C:G	G369R	1.000
17:13496314:C:A	K368N	1.000
17:13496314:C:G	K368N	1.000
17:13496315:T:A	K368M	1.000
17:13496327:A:T	L364Q	1.000
17:13496329:G:C	C363W	1.000
17:13496330:C:A	C363F	1.000
17:13496330:C:G	C363S	1.000
17:13496330:C:T	C363Y	1.000
17:13496331:A:G	C363R	1.000
17:13496331:A:T	C363S	1.000
17:13496365:G:C	C351W	1.000
17:13496366:C:A	C351F	1.000
17:13496366:C:G	C351S	1.000
17:13496366:C:T	C351Y	1.000
17:13496367:A:G	C351R	1.000
17:13496367:A:T	C351S	1.000
17:13496371:G:C	F349L	1.000
17:13496371:G:T	F349L	1.000
17:13496372:A:C	F349C	1.000
17:13496372:A:G	F349S	1.000
17:13496373:A:C	F349V	1.000
17:13496373:A:G	F349L	1.000
17:13496377:C:A	K347N	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000005817 (17:13561522 G>T), RS1000005956 (17:13542292 G>T), RS1000014652 (17:13506558 T>C), RS1000052801 (17:13511116 C>A), RS1000058307 (17:13561263 T>A,C,G), RS1000063977 (17:13598905 A>T), RS1000064602 (17:13520018 A>C), RS1000105337 (17:13585118 T>C), RS1000122367 (17:13580587 G>A,C,T), RS1000123483 (17:13548238 G>A), RS1000123707 (17:13555771 G>A), RS1000135907 (17:13550154 CATTTT>C), RS1000136465 (17:13585792 G>A), RS1000193676 (17:13593099 A>G), RS1000199492 (17:13549360 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604057 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

9 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000107_11	Tonometry	4.000000e-06
GCST003075_27	Cognitive decline rate in late mild cognitive impairment	8.000000e-08
GCST003075_58	Cognitive decline rate in late mild cognitive impairment	2.000000e-07
GCST003628_8	Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis/granulocytopenia in treatment-resistant schizophrenia	5.000000e-06
GCST004283_9	Midgestational circulating levels of PCBs	8.000000e-06
GCST004750_11	Squamous cell lung carcinoma	4.000000e-06
GCST007831_3	Anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) levels in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis	1.000000e-06
GCST007851_4	Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) levels in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis	4.000000e-06
GCST010147_1	White matter hyperintensity volume	3.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (4, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007710	cognitive decline measurement
EFO:0007042	polychlorinated biphenyls measurement
EFO:0007964	gestational serum measurement
EFO:0005665	white matter hyperintensity measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

36 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation	6
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	3
sodium arsenite	increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	2
mercuric bromide	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases methylation	2
bisphenol A	decreases methylation	1
lead acetate	increases expression	1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	increases expression	1
zinc chromate	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
cupric chloride	increases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects response to substance, increases expression	1
chromium hexavalent ion	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
pentabromodiphenyl ether	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
abrine	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Sunitinib	decreases expression	1
Zoledronic Acid	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Calcitriol	increases expression	1
Cisplatin	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	increases expression	1
Lead	affects methylation	1
Lipopolysaccharides	increases expression, affects response to substance	1
Manganese	increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	1
Nickel	increases expression	1
Selenium	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.