HSPA4L

Summary

HSPA4L (heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 like, HGNC:17041) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 4q28.1, encoding Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4L (O95757). Possesses chaperone activity in vitro where it inhibits aggregation of citrate synthase.

The protein encoded by this gene is heat shock inducible and may act as a chaperone. The encoded protein can protect the heat-shocked cell against the harmful effects of aggregated proteins. This gene is highly expressed in leukemia cells and may be a good target for therapeutic intervention. Several transcripts encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 22824 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 127 total
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_014278

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:17041
Approved symbol	HSPA4L
Name	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 like
Location	4q28.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	APG-1, Osp94, HSPH3
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000164070
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619077
Entrez	22824

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 5 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000296464, ENST00000505726, ENST00000508549, ENST00000508776, ENST00000515262, ENST00000883836

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_014278 NM_001317381, NM_001317382, NM_001317383, NM_014278

CCDS: CCDS3734, CCDS82953

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000296464 — 19 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001081079	127803629	127803873
ENSE00001081080	127801138	127801237
ENSE00001081081	127827305	127827424
ENSE00001081082	127798587	127798709
ENSE00001081084	127830638	127830799
ENSE00001081085	127805073	127805224
ENSE00001081086	127805687	127805793
ENSE00001081089	127811437	127811636
ENSE00001081091	127822769	127822894
ENSE00001081093	127795768	127795908
ENSE00001081095	127807996	127808129
ENSE00001081097	127794077	127794134
ENSE00001081099	127804011	127804087
ENSE00001081101	127823517	127823624
ENSE00001081103	127820428	127820565
ENSE00001922654	127782322	127782657
ENSE00001923629	127832683	127840733
ENSE00002478089	127801785	127801918
ENSE00003480767	127818325	127818420

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 254 present calls, max score 99.63.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 9.3183 / max 209.0510, expressed in 1394 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
49605	9.0920	1389
49606	0.1863	85
49603	0.0215	8
49604	0.0185	3

Top tissues by expression

293 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sperm	CL:0000019	99.63	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	97.31	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	96.12	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	96.00	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	93.61	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	92.65	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	89.71	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	89.47	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	87.86	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	87.85	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	87.03	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	86.41	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	86.07	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	85.86	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	85.60	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	85.27	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	85.26	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	85.04	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	84.47	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	84.45	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	83.65	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	83.12	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	82.98	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	82.84	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	82.80	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	82.62	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	82.52	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	82.33	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	82.27	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	82.27	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-112	yes	3781.94
E-HCAD-25	yes	9.58
E-GEOD-93593	yes	6.89
E-GEOD-124858	no	60.13
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

92 targeting HSPA4L, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-4803	99.98	71.99	3117
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-551B-5P	99.96	71.28	3493
HSA-MIR-4760-3P	99.93	70.50	2385
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-497-5P	99.92	71.83	2674
HSA-MIR-6508-5P	99.92	70.67	2465
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-7-1-3P	99.91	71.53	4384
HSA-MIR-7-2-3P	99.91	71.40	4394
HSA-MIR-8063	99.91	69.76	3146
HSA-MIR-1297	99.91	73.41	3162
HSA-MIR-8087	99.90	69.55	1351
HSA-MIR-195-5P	99.90	72.81	2805
HSA-MIR-15A-5P	99.90	72.80	2787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P	99.90	72.78	2798
HSA-MIR-16-5P	99.90	72.80	2780
HSA-MIR-380-3P	99.89	70.18	1978
HSA-MIR-424-5P	99.89	71.90	2641
HSA-MIR-6838-5P	99.89	71.94	2690
HSA-MIR-579-3P	99.86	71.66	3628
HSA-MIR-8067	99.86	69.59	2260
HSA-MIR-664B-3P	99.84	71.65	3590

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 7)

• a novel autocrine pathway of CD1d regulation by Hsp110. (PMID:12952923)
• Expression of a mutant HSP110 sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to chemotherapy and improves disease prognosis. (PMID:21946539)
• Human molecular chaperone Hsp110 rescues a vesicle transport defect produced by an ALS-associated mutant SOD1 protein in squid axoplasm. (PMID:23509252)
• HSP40 and HSP110 function together in protein homeostasis control. (PMID:24091676)
• Findings indicate that miR-497 is a potent tumor suppressor that inhibits cancer phenotypes by targeting ANLN and HSPA4L in NPC. (PMID:26486082)
• decreased expression of HSPA4L in immature and asthenozoospermic spermatozoa was validated by western blot analysis. Functional analysis revealed a correlation between HSPA4L and sperm motility by Spearman correlation analysis and its involvement in sperm-oocyte penetration by the human sperm-hamster egg penetration test. (PMID:30637842)
• Apg-1 knockdown sensitized myeloma cells to bortezomib treatment, which may provide a new approach in multiple myeloma treatment. (PMID:31899217)

Cross-species orthologs

8 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	hspa4l	ENSDARG00000053544
mus_musculus	Hspa4l	ENSMUSG00000025757
rattus_norvegicus	Hspa4l	ENSRNOG00000010819
drosophila_melanogaster	Hsp110	FBGN0026418
caenorhabditis_elegans	hsp-70	WBGENE00002026
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00009691
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00009692
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00016250

Paralogs (13): HSPA5 (ENSG00000044574), HSPA8 (ENSG00000109971), HSPA9 (ENSG00000113013), HSPH1 (ENSG00000120694), HSPA2 (ENSG00000126803), HYOU1 (ENSG00000149428), HSPA13 (ENSG00000155304), HSPA4 (ENSG00000170606), HSPA6 (ENSG00000173110), HSPA14 (ENSG00000187522), HSPA1B (ENSG00000204388), HSPA1A (ENSG00000204389), HSPA1L (ENSG00000204390)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Heat shock 70 kDa protein 4L — O95757 (reviewed: O95757)

Alternative names: Heat shock 70-related protein APG-1, Heat shock protein family H member 3, Heat-shock protein family A member 4-like protein, Osmotic stress protein 94

All UniProt accessions (4): A0A140VKE7, D6RJ96, E9PDE8, O95757

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Possesses chaperone activity in vitro where it inhibits aggregation of citrate synthase.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus.

Induction. By heat shock and osmotic imbalance.

Similarity. Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001304310, NP_001304311, NP_001304312, NP_055093* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR013126	Hsp_70_fam	Family
IPR018181	Heat_shock_70_CS	Conserved_site
IPR029047	HSP70_peptide-bd_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR029048	HSP70_C_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR042708	HSPA4L_NBD	Domain
IPR043129	ATPase_NBD	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00012

UniProt features (15 total): modified residue 5, sequence variant 3, compositionally biased region 3, region of interest 2, chain 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O95757-F1	86.23	0.77

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (5): 761, 74, 508, 545, 579

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-3371453	Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response

MSigDB gene sets: 219 (showing top): LEE_NEURAL_CREST_STEM_CELL_DN, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_UP, TGCTGCT_MIR15A_MIR16_MIR15B_MIR195_MIR424_MIR497, STARK_PREFRONTAL_CORTEX_22Q11_DELETION_DN, IVANOVA_HEMATOPOIESIS_MATURE_CELL, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_16HR_UP, GARGALOVIC_RESPONSE_TO_OXIDIZED_PHOSPHOLIPIDS_BLUE_UP, MONNIER_POSTRADIATION_TUMOR_ESCAPE_UP, MAHAJAN_RESPONSE_TO_IL1A_DN, GOBP_PROTEIN_MATURATION, CADWELL_ATG16L1_TARGETS_DN, KLEIN_PRIMARY_EFFUSION_LYMPHOMA_UP, GOBP_PROTEIN_FOLDING, NEMETH_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE_LPS_DN, FLECHNER_BIOPSY_KIDNEY_TRANSPLANT_REJECTED_VS_OK_DN

GO Biological Process (2): protein folding (GO:0006457), response to unfolded protein (GO:0006986)

GO Molecular Function (4): adenyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity (GO:0000774), ATP binding (GO:0005524), ATP-dependent protein folding chaperone (GO:0140662), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166)

GO Cellular Component (3): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Cellular response to heat stress	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
cellular process	1
protein maturation	1
response to topologically incorrect protein	1
ATP binding	1
ADP binding	1
ATPase regulator activity	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
protein folding chaperone	1
ATP-dependent activity	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3822 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
HSPA4L	HSP90AA1	P07900	687
HSPA4L	HSP90AB1	P08238	676
HSPA4L	HSPA12A	O43301	632
HSPA4L	DNAJA1	P31689	596
HSPA4L	HSPE1	P61604	574
HSPA4L	HSPA12B	Q96MM6	546
HSPA4L	DNAJB1	P25685	532
HSPA4L	HSP90B1	P14625	530
HSPA4L	DNAJA4	Q8WW22	495
HSPA4L	DNAJA2	O60884	494
HSPA4L	DNAJB4	Q9UDY4	488
HSPA4L	HSPA5	P11021	450
HSPA4L	HSPB2	Q16082	447
HSPA4L	PRPF31	Q8WWY3	444
HSPA4L	SUSD1	Q6UWL2	439

IntAct

154 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TTC1	VAPB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.790
YAP1	MPDZ	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.780
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
HSF1	KPNA3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
IGF1R	PIK3R2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.590
INSR	PIK3R2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.570
N	HNRNPDL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CREB1	HSPA4L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
P/V	IRS4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
P/V	HSPA4L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
STUB1	DNAJB6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
HSPA8	ARHGEF10	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.480
SCLT1	CCDC22	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.420
HNF1A	HSPA4L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.420
AATK	NDUFA4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.420
TNFAIP3	LRRIQ3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.420
OTUB1	EPM2A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
Magoh	TRAPPC13	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HSPA5	NCOR2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SF1	U2SURP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
JUN	TPM3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (347): HSPA4L (Affinity Capture-MS), HSPA4L (Affinity Capture-MS), HSPA4L (Affinity Capture-MS), DNAJA1 (Co-fractionation), DNAJA2 (Co-fractionation), DNAJA4 (Co-fractionation), DNAJB1 (Co-fractionation), DNAJC10 (Co-fractionation), DNAJC9 (Co-fractionation), HINT1 (Co-fractionation), HSPA4L (Co-fractionation), HSPA4L (Co-fractionation), HSPA4L (Co-fractionation), HSPA4L (Co-fractionation), HSPA4L (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2X6S3, A2YR10, A4FUX8, O88600, O94805, O95757, O96019, P30172, P32390, P34932, P42528, P47117, P48722, P53458, P53490, P78712, P81228, P81229, P86173, P93372, P93374, P93375, Q0IEG8, Q0IIM3, Q2TFN9, Q4R333, Q5R606, Q5R8R4, Q5RDM4, Q60446, Q61316, Q61699, Q61WW9, Q66HA8, Q69YN2, Q6K908, Q6ZJW9, Q84M92, Q92598, Q96482

Diamond homologs: A2Q0Z1, A5A8V7, F4HQD4, O59838, O59855, O65719, O73885, O74225, O88600, O93866, O95757, O97125, P02827, P08108, P09435, P09446, P0CB32, P0DMV8, P0DMV9, P0DMW0, P0DMW1, P10591, P10592, P11142, P16019, P17879, P18694, P19120, P19378, P22202, P22953, P24629, P26413, P27322, P27541, P29357, P32589, P32590, P34930, P34931

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 191 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Ovarian tumor domain proteases	6	11.8×	3e-03
Selective autophagy	5	9.9×	8e-03
SLC transporter disorders	6	8.7×	5e-03
R-HSA-425393	9	8.3×	6e-04
Disorders of transmembrane transporters	7	6.9×	5e-03
PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling	9	6.2×	3e-03
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis	8	4.8×	1e-02
PIP3 activates AKT signaling	10	4.7×	5e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
regulation of cellular response to heat	5	31.2×	3e-04
cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus	5	13.8×	5e-03
cellular response to heat	6	12.2×	2e-03
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	6	8.7×	8e-03
cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway	8	8.2×	2e-03
protein autophosphorylation	9	7.7×	1e-03
monoatomic ion transport	8	7.4×	3e-03
MAPK cascade	8	7.2×	3e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

127 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	96
Likely benign	8
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2775 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
4:127782658:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
4:127794069:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:127794131:CCAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127794132:CAG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127794133:AGGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127794134:GGTAA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127794135:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127794136:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127795767:GATA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
4:127795904:TTAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127795905:TAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127795906:AAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127795907:AGGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127795909:G:GC	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127795910:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127798582:GTTA:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:127798583:TTAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:127798584:TAGGT:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:127798585:A:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
4:127798705:TTTCA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
4:127798706:TTCA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
4:127798706:TTCAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127798707:TCA:T	donor_gain	1.0000
4:127798708:CA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
4:127798708:CAGTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127798709:AGTAA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127798710:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
4:127798710:GTAAG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127798711:TAAGT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
4:127801136:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

5604 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
4:127782634:T:A	N28K	1.000
4:127782634:T:G	N28K	1.000
4:127794114:G:A	G49R	1.000
4:127794114:G:C	G49R	1.000
4:127794115:G:A	G49E	1.000
4:127803855:T:A	V297D	1.000
4:127805689:T:G	C380W	1.000
4:127811497:T:A	V480D	1.000
4:127822827:T:A	V624D	1.000
4:127822831:A:C	E625D	1.000
4:127822831:A:T	E625D	1.000
4:127823563:T:C	L662P	1.000
4:127782563:G:C	G5R	0.999
4:127782564:G:A	G5D	0.999
4:127782596:G:C	A16P	0.999
4:127782597:C:A	A16D	0.999
4:127782603:C:A	A18E	0.999
4:127782633:A:T	N28I	0.999
4:127782641:A:C	S31R	0.999
4:127782643:C:A	S31R	0.999
4:127782643:C:G	S31R	0.999
4:127782648:G:T	R33M	0.999
4:127794085:T:A	I39K	0.999
4:127794087:T:C	S40P	0.999
4:127794115:G:T	G49V	0.999
4:127794124:C:A	A52E	0.999
4:127798642:T:C	L121P	0.999
4:127801183:G:C	A159P	0.999
4:127801791:T:C	L179P	0.999
4:127801799:G:A	G182R	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000037720 (4:127826736 C>T), RS1000200544 (4:127824245 G>A,T), RS1000229392 (4:127819634 T>C), RS1000260547 (4:127819265 G>A), RS1000380896 (4:127784827 C>T), RS1000381733 (4:127831564 TA>T), RS1000390821 (4:127838576 T>C), RS1000406339 (4:127804651 A>G,T), RS1000470628 (4:127812628 C>T), RS1000489175 (4:127796512 ACATGAATGTT>A), RS1000557403 (4:127826388 C>A,T), RS1000589520 (4:127802017 A>G), RS1000591649 (4:127821114 T>C), RS1000631395 (4:127824579 T>C,G), RS1000734506 (4:127806555 C>A,G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619077 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST005231_28	Major depressive disorder	5.000000e-06
GCST90002386_4	High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells	1.000000e-09

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5465282 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

83 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	8
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression	5
Aflatoxin B1	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	5
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases expression	4
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	3
Acetaminophen	increases expression	3
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression, affects expression	3
Tretinoin	increases expression, decreases expression	3
Cyclosporine	affects expression, decreases expression, increases expression	3
potassium chromate(VI)	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	2
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
entinostat	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Panobinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Ethanol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Cadmium	increases expression	2
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Silver	increases expression	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	decreases expression	2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Particulate Matter	increases reaction, decreases expression, increases abundance, affects expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
afuresertib	decreases expression	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
lead acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
methylselenic acid	increases expression	1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	affects cotreatment, affects localization, decreases expression	1
Nonidet P-40	increases expression	1
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

2 unique, capped per target: 2 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL5338469	Binding	Binding affinity to Hspa4l (unknown origin) assessed as fold change in protein upregulation at 200 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by pronase addition and measured after 30 mins by coomassie blue staining based SDS-PAGE gel analysis	Structurally Diverse Alkaloids with Anti-Renal-Fibrosis Activity from the Centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. — J Nat Prod

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.