HTD2

Summary

HTD2 (hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase type 2, HGNC:53111) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3p14.3, encoding Hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase type 2, mitochondrial (P86397). Mitochondrial 3-hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase, which may be involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.

This gene encodes a protein that localizes to the mitochondria and can function as a 3-hydroxyacyl thioester dehydratase. This gene is located just downstream of the gene for ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14 (RPP14) in a genomic context that is conserved among animals. The upstream RPP14 gene is thought to be co-transcribed with this gene, and bicistronic transcripts may include open reading frames for both proteins.

Source: NCBI Gene 109703458 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Expression (HPA): Tissue enhanced — highest in skeletal muscle, hippocampal formation, dorsal hippocampus
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 0 tissues, sQTL in 10 (q < 0.05)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001348712

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:53111
Approved symbol	HTD2
Name	hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase type 2
Location	3p14.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000255154
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	620769
Entrez	109703458

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 15 — 14 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000461393

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 1, TSL 2: 3, TSL 3: 1, TSL 4: 1, TSL 5: 1

ENST00000461393, ENST00000474660, ENST00000475412, ENST00000476007, ENST00000477305, ENST00000481972, ENST00000498618, ENST00000992408, ENST00000992409, ENST00000992410, ENST00000992411, ENST00001035799, ENST00001035800, ENST00001035801, ENST00001144259

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_001348712 NM_001348712, NM_001348713, NM_001348714, NM_001348715

CCDS: CCDS87096

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000461393 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001849775	58317440	58320193
ENSE00001897116	58306520	58306651
ENSE00003724072	58316515	58316591
ENSE00003741711	58316915	58316993
ENSE00003746656	58310507	58310591

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 90.13.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 8.0521 / max 110.7990, expressed in 1774 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): primordial germ cell in gonad, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, muscle of leg, gastrocnemius, skeletal muscle tissue.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

HTD2 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 0 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 10 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

10 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Muscle Skeletal	sqtl	4.2e-06	+0.55	3:58315733:A:G
Esophagus Mucosa	sqtl	5.7e-05	-0.42	3:58398516:A:C
Adipose Visceral Omentum	sqtl	2.4e-03	-0.40	3:58274433:C:T
Cells EBV-transformed lymphocytes	sqtl	2.5e-03	-0.71	3:58370859:T:TGTG
Testis	sqtl	2.7e-03	+0.70	3:58306798:T:G
Lung	sqtl	9.0e-03	-0.30	3:58343535:G:A
Esophagus Gastroesophageal Junction	sqtl	1.7e-02	+0.62	3:58315733:A:G
Breast Mammary Tissue	sqtl	2.9e-02	-0.35	3:58450761:C:T
Esophagus Muscularis	sqtl	4.0e-02	-0.34	3:58289968:C:T
Artery Tibial	sqtl	4.7e-02	+0.57	3:58197351:C:T

FANTOM5 promoters

2 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
37039	8.0521	1774
37040	6.9940	1740

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 134 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	90.13	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	88.50	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	84.85	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	84.43	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	83.98	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	82.70	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	81.44	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	80.96	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	80.83	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	80.60	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	80.16	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	80.01	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	79.47	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	78.84	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	78.63	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	78.41	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	78.02	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	77.93	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	77.72	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	77.57	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	77.56	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	77.27	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	77.13	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	76.90	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	76.54	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	76.53	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	76.47	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	76.37	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	76.22	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	76.10	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	75.95	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	75.94	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	75.79	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	75.71	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	75.67	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	75.63	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	75.54	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	75.47	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	75.44	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	75.25	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	75.21	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	75.17	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	75.14	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	75.07	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	75.02	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	74.99	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	74.96	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	74.80	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	74.72	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	74.71	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	74.71	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	74.64	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	74.56	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	74.55	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	74.48	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	74.21	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	74.17	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	74.02	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	73.97	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	73.92	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	73.88	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	73.86	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	73.83	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	73.82	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	73.82	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	73.82	gold quality
vagina	UBERON:0000996	73.81	gold quality
multicellular organism	UBERON:0000468	73.74	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	73.67	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	73.62	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	73.62	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	73.55	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	73.53	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	73.36	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	73.17	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	73.09	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	73.08	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	73.07	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	73.03	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	72.93	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	72.92	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	72.83	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	72.82	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	72.76	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	72.76	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	72.72	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	72.70	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	72.63	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	72.55	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	72.52	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	72.46	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	72.41	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	72.39	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	72.28	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	72.17	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	72.10	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	72.08	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	71.85	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	71.84	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	71.74	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.12

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

showing 60 of 78 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Skeletal muscle	tissue	41.0	low
Hippocampal formation	tissue	38.5
Frontal cortex	tissue	37.1
Caudate putamen	tissue	35.5
Tongue	tissue	35.1
Cerebral cortex	tissue	29.1	low
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	29.1
Thalamus	tissue	28.5
Motor cortex	tissue	28.3
Occipital cortex	tissue	27.9
Pons	tissue	27.6
Midbrain	tissue	27.6
Superior colliculi	tissue	26.7
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	26.3
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	26.1
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	26.1
Putamen	tissue	26.0
Septum	tissue	25.7
Spinal cord	tissue	25.6
Cerebellum	tissue	25.3	not detected
Corpus callosum	tissue	25.3
Medulla oblongata	tissue	25.2
Hypothalamus	tissue	25.0
Substantia nigra	tissue	24.7
Ventral forebrain	tissue	24.4
Temporal cortex	tissue	24.4
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	24.2
Insular cortex	tissue	23.5
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	23.1
Olfactory bulb	tissue	23.1
Amygdala	tissue	21.9
Basal ganglia	tissue	21.5	medium
Liver	tissue	14.2	medium
Choroid plexus	tissue	12.5
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	12.3
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	12.2
Heart muscle	tissue	11.7	high
Parathyroid gland	tissue	11.3
Duodenum	tissue	11.2	high
Locus coeruleus	tissue	10.6
Kidney	tissue	10.2	high
Hippocampus	tissue	9.9	medium
Thyroid gland	tissue	9.7	medium
Ovary	tissue	9.3	medium
Retina	tissue	8.5
Rectum	tissue	8.5	high
Colon	tissue	8.3	medium
Small intestine	tissue	8.2	high
Breast	tissue	8.1	low
Esophagus	tissue	8.1	not detected
Seminal vesicle	tissue	8.0	low
Endometrium 1	tissue	7.8	low
Tonsil	tissue	7.5	medium
Skin 1	tissue	7.4	not detected
Fallopian tube	tissue	7.3	not detected
Pituitary gland	tissue	7.2
Adipose tissue	tissue	7.2	not detected
Smooth muscle	tissue	7.1	not detected
Testis	tissue	7.0	high
Salivary gland	tissue	7.0	high

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 191; highest nTPM — Dorsal hippocampus (38.5), Ventral hippocampus (31.4), Ventral spinal cord (25.6), Subiculum (25.3), White matter (25.3).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Functional genomics

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000461393 — one region, missense o/e 1.88.

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Htd2	ENSMUSG00000144287
rattus_norvegicus	Rpp14	ENSRNOG00000063660

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Aeromonas caviae	O32472	57.1%	Diamond
Methylorubrum extorquens AM1	C5AZ74	53.0%	Diamond
Rhodospirillum rubrum ATCC 11170	Q2RQ36	51.8%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
RPP14	protein-coding	11102
PDHB	protein-coding	5162
PXK	protein-coding	54899
ABHD6	protein-coding	57406
DNASE1L3	protein-coding	1776
KCTD6	protein-coding	200845

Protein

Protein identifiers

Hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase type 2, mitochondrial — P86397 (reviewed: P86397)

Alternative names: 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase

All UniProt accessions (5): A0A087WTC8, A0A087WUW1, A0A087WYB6, L0R6P0, P86397

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Mitochondrial 3-hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase, which may be involved in fatty acid biosynthesis.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in heart and liver. Expressed at lower levels in skeletal muscle, spleen, kidney and placenta.

Miscellaneous. This protein is produced by a bicistronic gene which also produces the RPP14 protein from an overlapping reading frame.

Similarity. Belongs to the HTD2 family.

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001335641, NP_001335642, NP_001335643, NP_001335644 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002539	MaoC-like_dom	Domain
IPR029069	HotDog_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050965	UPF0336/Enoyl-CoA_hydratase	Family

Pfam: PF01575

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• a (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[ACP] = a (2E)-enoyl-[ACP] + H2O (RHEA:13097)
• (3R)-hydroxyhexanoyl-[ACP] = (2E)-hexenoyl-[ACP] + H2O (RHEA:41828)
• (3R)-hydroxydecanoyl-[ACP] = (2E)-decenoyl-[ACP] + H2O (RHEA:41860)

UniProt features (15 total): strand 5, helix 4, mutagenesis site 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, turn 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structure by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
3IR3	Crystal structure of human 3-hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase 2 (HTD2)	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.99

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P86397-F1	84.54	0.74

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Lyases, Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): mitochondria; nucleoli

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH approved · IF supported

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2)

Position	Phenotype
62	abolishes ability to complement a htd2-delta mutant yeast.
67	abolishes ability to complement a htd2-delta mutant yeast.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 curated (TAS) of 4; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

4 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-8978868	Fatty acid metabolism	—
R-HSA-75105	Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis	—
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism	—
R-HSA-556833	Metabolism of lipids	—

MSigDB gene sets: 67 (showing top): GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_PHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOBASE_CONTAINING_SMALL_MOLECULE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_SMALL_MOLECULE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_FATTY_ACYL_COA_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_SULFUR_COMPOUND_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_AMIDE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_AMIDE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_FATTY_ACID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_LIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (4): fatty acid biosynthetic process (GO:0006633), fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process (GO:0046949), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), fatty acid metabolic process (GO:0006631)

GO Molecular Function (4): 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase activity (GO:0018812), (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase activity (GO:0019171), lyase activity (GO:0016829), hydro-lyase activity (GO:0016836)

GO Cellular Component (2): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)

Reactome top-level categories

3 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Fatty acid metabolism	1
Metabolism	1
Metabolism of lipids	1

GO top-level categories

17 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
fatty acid metabolic process	1
lipid biosynthetic process	1
monocarboxylic acid biosynthetic process	1
fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process	1
acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	1
fatty acid derivative biosynthetic process	1
primary metabolic process	1
lipid metabolic process	1
monocarboxylic acid metabolic process	1
enoyl-CoA hydratase activity	1
hydro-lyase activity	1
catalytic activity	1
carbon-oxygen lyase activity	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
mitochondrion	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 1 of 10 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

1 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
mitochondrion	CC	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 768 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
HTD2	OXSM	Q9NWU1	412
HTD2	CHCHD1	Q96BP2	407
HTD2	MCAT	Q8IVS2	406
HTD2	DMAC2	Q9NW81	394
HTD2	PPP4R4	Q6NUP7	386
HTD2	MRPL42	Q9Y6G3	379
HTD2	MECR	Q9BV79	375
HTD2	UQCC3	Q6UW78	372
HTD2	SCP2	P22307	370
HTD2	SLC35A4	Q96G79	364
HTD2	POP1	Q99575	348
HTD2	NEURL3	Q96EH8	345
HTD2	UQCC1	Q9NVA1	332
HTD2	ACOT8	O14734	331
HTD2	MYO19	Q96H55	323

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

ClinVar

No ClinVar records for this gene.

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 27 predictions of 343):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
3:58310497	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:58310505–58310506	acceptor_loss	1.0000	6
3:58310589	donor_gain	1.0000
3:58310592–58310593	donor_loss	1.0000	4
3:58310592	donor_loss	0.9900
3:58317438–58317439	acceptor_loss	0.9900	4
3:58317548	acceptor_gain	0.9900
3:58313438	donor_gain	0.9800
3:58316592–58316593	donor_loss	0.9800	6
3:58317438–58317439	acceptor_loss	0.9800	2

AlphaMissense

336 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 1,092 scored), across 91 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
D62	8	0.972	0.986
H67	8	0.904	0.982
F48	8	0.878	0.989
D52	8	0.756	0.893
F114	7	0.984	0.996
F56	7	0.961	0.994
F78	7	0.901	0.983
N64	7	0.894	0.982
H84	7	0.882	0.958
C144	7	0.869	0.984
F72	7	0.813	0.967
F107	7	0.812	0.953
G102	6	0.942	0.966
G156	6	0.923	0.984
M154	6	0.895	0.957
P101	6	0.867	0.952
Q110	6	0.862	0.954
V130	6	0.783	0.941
M100	6	0.775	0.962
G61	6	0.729	0.912

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

2 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	3.46e-05
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (validation)	favorable	8.11e-05

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:620769 | disease phenotypes:

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

3 total (human), top 3 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1
S-Nitrosoglutathione	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.