IFFO1

Summary

IFFO1 (intermediate filament family orphan 1, HGNC:24970) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12p13.31, encoding Non-homologous end joining factor IFFO1 (Q0D2I5). Nuclear matrix protein involved in the immobilization of broken DNA ends and the suppression of chromosome translocation during DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).

This gene is a member of the intermediate filament family. Intermediate filaments are proteins which are primordial components of the cytoskeleton and nuclear envelope. The proteins encoded by the members of this gene family are evolutionarily and structurally related but have limited sequence homology, with the exception of the central rod domain. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 25900 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 101 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001193457

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:24970
Approved symbol	IFFO1
Name	intermediate filament family orphan 1
Location	12p13.31
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	HOM-TES-103
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000010295
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	610495
Entrez	25900

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 9 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000336604, ENST00000356896, ENST00000396830, ENST00000396840, ENST00000465801, ENST00000471408, ENST00000472558, ENST00000487279, ENST00000488007, ENST00000619571, ENST00000900775, ENST00000900776, ENST00000952552, ENST00000952553

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_001193457 NM_001039670, NM_001193457, NM_001330324, NM_001330325, NM_080730

CCDS: CCDS41741, CCDS73425, CCDS81655, CCDS8550

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000619571 — 10 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001700921	6539539	6540588
ENSE00001803277	6549476	6549484
ENSE00003481089	6548425	6548545
ENSE00003590649	6550695	6550790
ENSE00003626905	6541512	6541642
ENSE00003629699	6549756	6549896
ENSE00003637296	6550941	6551001
ENSE00003652374	6548065	6548160
ENSE00003731638	6548668	6548849
ENSE00003735837	6555257	6556042

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 276 present calls, max score 96.26.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 22.4651 / max 189.0299, expressed in 1558 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (7 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
129118	15.1123	1504
129112	5.1151	811
129117	0.9980	575
129114	0.4430	90
129113	0.3630	147
129109	0.3564	226
129116	0.0774	34

Top tissues by expression

291 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	96.26	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	96.04	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	94.96	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	94.28	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	93.93	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	93.85	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	93.81	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	93.47	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	93.31	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	93.17	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	93.12	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	93.12	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	92.88	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	92.88	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	92.80	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	92.78	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	92.32	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	92.26	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	92.25	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	92.12	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	91.98	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	91.90	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	91.89	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	91.54	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	91.51	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	91.47	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	91.45	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	91.31	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	91.05	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	91.02	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.26

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

27 targeting IFFO1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4510	100.00	66.60	2050
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-6127	100.00	66.76	2188
HSA-MIR-6129	100.00	66.46	2080
HSA-MIR-6130	100.00	66.69	2012
HSA-MIR-6133	100.00	66.48	2064
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-4725-3P	99.96	69.53	2520
HSA-MIR-6780B-5P	99.96	69.60	2562
HSA-MIR-5682	99.89	72.56	1005
HSA-MIR-7845-5P	99.88	64.88	771
HSA-MIR-6848-3P	99.64	66.49	885
HSA-MIR-766-5P	99.47	67.91	2225
HSA-MIR-766-3P	99.47	65.24	1811
HSA-MIR-6843-3P	99.26	66.42	915
HSA-MIR-4293	99.22	65.46	1263
HSA-MIR-6510-5P	99.14	66.59	1081
HSA-MIR-6868-5P	99.06	65.69	1284
HSA-MIR-211-3P	98.14	66.77	1052
HSA-MIR-3190-3P	97.61	66.95	1406
HSA-MIR-1225-3P	97.29	64.60	876
HSA-MIR-874-5P	96.93	63.92	1014
HSA-MIR-4323	93.93	63.89	656
HSA-MIR-4442	92.35	67.08	98

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• The lamin A/C-IFFO1-constituted nucleoskeleton prevents chromosome translocation by immobilizing broken DNA ends during tumorigenesis. (PMID:31548606)
• METTL3-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification and HDAC5/YY1 promote IFFO1 downregulation in tumor development and chemo-resistance. (PMID:36257380)
• CircIFFO1 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by targeting the miR-424-5p/NFIB axis. (PMID:37405427)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	iffo1b	ENSDARG00000062108
danio_rerio	iffo1a	ENSDARG00000062976
mus_musculus	Iffo1	ENSMUSG00000038271
rattus_norvegicus	Iffo1	ENSRNOG00000018533

Paralogs (1): IFFO2 (ENSG00000169991)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Non-homologous end joining factor IFFO1 — Q0D2I5 (reviewed: Q0D2I5)

Alternative names: Intermediate filament family orphan 1, Tumor antigen HOM-TES-103

All UniProt accessions (3): Q0D2I5, A0A087WZ16, E9PPX7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Nuclear matrix protein involved in the immobilization of broken DNA ends and the suppression of chromosome translocation during DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Interacts with the nuclear lamina component LMNA, resulting in the formation of a nucleoskeleton that relocalizes to the DSB sites in a XRCC4-dependent manner and promotes the immobilization of the broken ends, thereby preventing chromosome translocation. Acts as a scaffold that allows the DNA repair protein XRCC4 and LMNA to assemble into a complex at the DSB sites.

Subunit / interactions. Forms a heterotetramer with XRCC4. The interaction with XRCC4 is direct, involves LIG4-free XRCC4 and leads to relocalization of IFFO1 at the double-strand break (DSB) sites. Interacts with LMNA; the interaction forms an interior nucleoskeleton and the recruitment to DNA double-strand breaks.

Subcellular location. Nucleus. Nucleoplasm. Nucleus inner membrane. Nucleus matrix.

Tissue specificity. Ubiquitously expressed.

Miscellaneous. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Similarity. Belongs to the intermediate filament family.

Isoforms (7)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q0D2I5-1	1	yes
Q0D2I5-2	2
Q0D2I5-3	3
Q0D2I5-4	4
Q0D2I5-5	5
Q0D2I5-6	6
Q0D2I5-7	7

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_001034759, NP_001180386, NP_001317253, NP_001317254, NP_542768 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR039008	IF_rod_dom	Domain

UniProt features (39 total): mutagenesis site 12, splice variant 6, region of interest 6, sequence conflict 6, coiled-coil region 3, compositionally biased region 2, helix 2, chain 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6ABO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.65

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q0D2I5-F1	67.53	0.33

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (12):

Position	Phenotype
65	does not affect the interaction with lmna.
73	decreased interaction with lmna. loss of ability to immobilize broken ends; when associated with h-85.
73	does not affect the interaction with lmna.
85	decreased interaction with lmna.
89	does not affect the interaction with lmna.
480	loss of interaction with xrcc4; when associated with r-487.
487	loss of interaction with xrcc4; when associated with r-480.
490	decreased interaction with xrcc4; when associated with a-516. loss of interaction with xrcc4; when associated with a-509
509	loss of interaction with xrcc4; when associated with a-490 and a-516.
512	loss of interaction with xrcc4.
515	loss of interaction with xrcc4, loss of localization at the sites of dna damages and loss of ability to immobilize broke
516	decreased interaction with xrcc4; when associated with a-490. loss of interaction with xrcc4; when associated with a-490

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 189 (showing top): TGGTGCT_MIR29A_MIR29B_MIR29C, SHEPARD_CRASH_AND_BURN_MUTANT_UP, MODULE_45, GOBP_CHROMOSOME_LOCALIZATION, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, BOYLAN_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_D_DN, TTGGGAG_MIR150, COUP_01, CAGCAGG_MIR370, ONKEN_UVEAL_MELANOMA_UP, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_CHROMOSOME, HNF4_DR1_Q3, GOBP_DNA_DAMAGE_RESPONSE, HNF4_01, PPAR_DR1_Q2

GO Biological Process (3): double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining (GO:0006303), protein localization to site of double-strand break (GO:1990166), DNA double-strand break attachment to nuclear envelope (GO:1990683)

GO Molecular Function (2): cytoskeletal adaptor activity (GO:0008093), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (7): nuclear inner membrane (GO:0005637), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), intermediate filament (GO:0005882), nuclear matrix (GO:0016363), site of double-strand break (GO:0035861), nucleus (GO:0005634), membrane (GO:0016020)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
nuclear lumen	2
double-strand break repair	1
protein localization to chromosome	1
chromosome attachment to the nuclear envelope	1
cytoskeletal protein binding	1
protein-macromolecule adaptor activity	1
binding	1
organelle inner membrane	1
nuclear membrane	1
intermediate filament cytoskeleton	1
polymeric cytoskeletal fiber	1
site of DNA damage	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

410 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
IFFO1	XRCC4	Q13426	771
IFFO1	XRCC6	P12956	552
IFFO1	XRCC5	P13010	518
IFFO1	MARCHF9	Q86YJ5	441
IFFO1	NEK11	Q8NG66	415
IFFO1	NHEJ1	Q9H9Q4	414
IFFO1	C11orf52	Q96A22	396
IFFO1	PAXX	Q9BUH6	392
IFFO1	JMJD8	Q96S16	376
IFFO1	CYREN	Q9BWK5	374
IFFO1	HID1	Q8IV36	370
IFFO1	LIG4	P49917	370
IFFO1	C5orf22	Q49AR2	368
IFFO1	NEK9	Q8TD19	354
IFFO1	AIRIM	Q9NX04	351

IntAct

57 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
XRCC4	LIG4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.970
XRCC4	IFFO1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.820
SNX32	SNX2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.740
DYNLL1	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
NHEJ1	XRCC5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
DYNLL2	BLTP3B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
PPP1R13B	CCDC85C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZNF331	USP9Y	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
XRCC4	NFKB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
COG5	BSG	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LMNA	IFFO1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.500
IFFO1	LMNA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.500
IFFO1	LMNA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
LIG4	XRCC5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
IFFO1	XRCC5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
IFFO1	RNF183	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
ACAP1	IFFO1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
EGLN3	FAM168B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
M		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
rep	VWA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KRT2	IFT56	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FAM167A	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MAGEA9	CIBAR1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (74): IFFO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFFO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFFO1 (Two-hybrid), RNF183 (Two-hybrid), IFFO1 (Two-hybrid), TCHP (Two-hybrid), IFFO1 (Reconstituted Complex), IFFO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFFO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFFO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFFO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFFO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFFO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFFO1 (Affinity Capture-MS), IFFO1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A088MLT8, A2AQ25, B3KU38, B5DF41, E9PSK7, O15079, O35274, P0DPB3, P0DPB4, P12755, P49140, P85299, Q0D2I5, Q14DQ1, Q1LY51, Q3B7M3, Q3SYW5, Q4KMA0, Q4R3X1, Q50H33, Q5F3L9, Q5FVG6, Q5RD40, Q5XKK7, Q60698, Q6ZNC4, Q6ZUS6, Q6ZWB6, Q80U23, Q80U62, Q80XA6, Q812A5, Q86YI8, Q8BXL9, Q8K2W6, Q8ND83, Q8NFH8, Q8QFX1, Q8TEK3, Q924W7

Diamond homologs: A5A6M8, A6QNX5, O77788, O93532, P02542, P05786, P05787, P07196, P07197, P08552, P08553, P08776, P08777, P0C6R4, P11679, P12839, P13647, P16053, P16878, P23565, P46660, P48671, P48677, P54938, Q02916, Q08DH7, Q0D2I5, Q16352, Q5R408, Q5RA72, Q5TF58, Q5XKE5, Q5XQN5, Q6IG12, Q6P6Q2, Q6PVZ1, Q8BXL9, Q8R2V2, Q922U2, Q9DCV7

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 68 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Formation of the cornified envelope	6	14.2×	3e-04
Keratinization	6	9.0×	3e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining	5	37.0×	4e-05
intermediate filament organization	7	29.6×	1e-06
keratinization	5	20.5×	4e-04

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

101 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	91
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1646 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:6540585:CTTT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6541507:CCTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6541508:CTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6541509:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6541510:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6541511:CCGGT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:6541639:CCAG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6541640:CAG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6541640:CAGC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6541643:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6548059:CCTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6548060:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6548061:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6548062:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6548063:ACCTC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6548064:C:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6548457:AG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
12:6548617:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
12:6548666:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:6548667:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:6548667:CAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:6549752:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6549753:CAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:6549754:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:6549755:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:6549897:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6549902:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6549902:C:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6549903:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:6549911:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3709 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:6541533:A:G	L518P	1.000
12:6541536:C:G	R517P	1.000
12:6541539:C:G	R516P	1.000
12:6541543:A:G	C515R	1.000
12:6541551:A:G	M512T	1.000
12:6541561:C:G	D509H	1.000
12:6541563:A:G	L508P	1.000
12:6541563:A:T	L508Q	1.000
12:6541567:C:G	G507R	1.000
12:6541569:C:G	R506P	1.000
12:6541570:G:T	R506S	1.000
12:6541571:C:A	K505N	1.000
12:6541571:C:G	K505N	1.000
12:6541573:T:C	K505E	1.000
12:6541577:G:C	S503R	1.000
12:6541577:G:T	S503R	1.000
12:6541579:T:G	S503R	1.000
12:6541580:G:C	C502W	1.000
12:6541581:C:T	C502Y	1.000
12:6541582:A:G	C502R	1.000
12:6541583:C:A	M501I	1.000
12:6541583:C:G	M501I	1.000
12:6541583:C:T	M501I	1.000
12:6541584:A:C	M501R	1.000
12:6541584:A:G	M501T	1.000
12:6541593:T:C	Y498C	1.000
12:6541594:A:G	Y498H	1.000
12:6541602:A:G	L495P	1.000
12:6541602:A:T	L495Q	1.000
12:6541605:T:G	H494P	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000043749 (12:6545838 G>A), RS1000108220 (12:6543285 G>A,C), RS1000335740 (12:6553504 C>G), RS1000398238 (12:6556824 T>TA), RS1000453804 (12:6553332 A>T), RS1000495382 (12:6541927 T>C), RS1000561343 (12:6550020 C>T), RS1000626349 (12:6551241 T>A), RS1000647946 (12:6546839 C>G), RS1000744627 (12:6555942 C>A), RS1001016943 (12:6550185 C>T), RS1001439727 (12:6538703 A>G), RS1001505905 (12:6543801 A>C), RS1001754507 (12:6538862 G>A,C), RS1001787041 (12:6541064 G>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:610495 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST008159_50	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI	3.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0007788	BMI-adjusted waist-hip ratio

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

26 total (human), top 26 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
arsenite	increases methylation	1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	increases abundance, increases methylation	1
2-amino-9H-pyrido(2,3-b)indole	decreases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
tobacco tar	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
diallyl disulfide	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
erucylphospho-N,N,N-trimethylpropylammonium	increases expression	1
jinfukang	increases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, increases methylation	1
Air Pollutants	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases methylation	1
Calcitriol	decreases expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	increases methylation, increases abundance	1
Doxorubicin	increases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	increases expression	1
Silicon Dioxide	increases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Vitamin E	increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1
Particulate Matter	increases abundance, decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.